Architecture Commons^™

Feasibility Study Of Solar Driven Underground Cooling System, Michel E. Shafik

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In the United States the peak electrical use occurs during the summer. In addition, the building sector consumes a major portion of the annual electrical energy consumption. One of the main energy consuming components in the building sector is the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. This research studies the feasibility of implementing a solar driven underground cooling system that could contribute to reducing building cooling loads. The developed system consists of an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) coupled with a solar chimney that provides a natural cool draft to the test facility building at the Solar Energy Research Test Facility …

Polish Influence On American Synagogue Architecture, Samuel D. Gruber

Religion - All Scholarship

Hundreds of thousands of Jews from Poland came to America after 1880. Many built synagogues with details recalling synagogues in their homeland. Immigrant artisans brought motifs and methods of Poland. Many of these synagogues were small, so the relationship to Polish art was on the inside in the painted and carved decoration. Established architects also had access to Polish synagogues as sources. With publication of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-06) images of Polish synagogues, such as the Warsaw’s Tlomackie Street Synagogue, became part of many Jewish libraries. More Polish influence came in the 1950s. Most architects were building modern synagogues, …

Medieval Synagogues In The Mediterranean Region, Samuel D. Gruber

Religion - All Scholarship

Throughout the Middle Ages, the synagogue developed as the central identifying institution and physical building for Jews, replacing the still yearned for but increasingly distant Jerusalem Temple as the focus of Jewish identity. Equally important, the synagogue became the symbol par excellance of the Jews and their community for the Christian (or Muslim) majority populations in the countries where Jews were settled. For Christians, the synagogue was a Jewish church, but much more so, it came to symbolize in opposition all that the church represented.

Though relatively little known today, medieval synagogues were not symbolic abstractions to the men and …

Understanding Gentrification: The Role And Abilities Of Community-Based Organizations In Changing Neighborhoods - A Case Study Of Post-Katrina New Orleans -, Myung-Ji Bang

Planning Theses - Archive

The goal of this study is to identify the roles and barriers of community-based organizations in post-disaster changing neighborhoods and to examine how community based organizations support residents in dealing with neighborhood change through the case of New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina. Drawing on a review of existing reports and conducting surveys with community-based organizations, this study first identifies how community-based organizations support existing residents and attempts to gauge the role of these organizations in representing low-income residents in New Orleans, LA after Katrina, 2005. I focus in particular on the potential role and the ability of community-based organizations--not …

2010 Weed Science Research Report – Green Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2010. It includes work on small grains and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Newnan's Original Public Library Celebrates Grand Reopening

Georgia Library Quarterly

The article features the reopening of the Carnegie Library in Newnan, Georgia in 2009. The original facility in 1904 reportedly epitomized early 20th century neoclassical architecture which is marked by symmetrical paired brick pilasters across the facade and evenly-spaced, paneled and stained columns in the interior. It is stated that the new library will offer popular and current printed material, computer stations, an art gallery and meeting rooms.

From Ark To Art : The 20-Year Journey Of The Civic, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, From Jewish Temple To Multi-Purpose Community Facility, John J. Boyle Iii

Cleveland Memory

The Civic is a former Jewish temple located in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, an inner-ring suburb of Cleveland, Ohio. The building was close to being abandoned and possibly torn down after its former congregation built a new facility farther out in the suburbs. This study describes how a former temple came to serve the community in a new and different way in the secular world. This study will chronicle the Civic as a historical building; describe the efforts to remake it into a multi-purpose building that is a community asset; and serve as a model to other communities interested in adapting …

Stained Glass Windows Of Trinity Cathedral, Cleveland, Ohio, Produced By Wilbur H. Burnham Studios, Michael J. Tevesz

Cleveland Memory

Trinity Episcopal Cathedral has over forty large stained glass windows that range in age from the 15 to the 20th Century. The medieval windows were produced in England and Germany, while the more contemporary windows were produced by such prominent studios as those directed by Willet, Connick, Tiffany, Heaton, Young, and Burnham. The more contemporary windows are of considerable artistic and historical interest, but there is very little information available about them. This monograph specifically focuses on the windows of Trinity Cathedral produced by the Wilbur H. Burnham Studios. The Burnham Studios windows are the most accessible windows within the …

Guide To Stones Used For Houses Of Worship In Northeastern Ohio, Joseph T. Hannibal

Cleveland Memory

The purpose of this guide is to serve as an introduction and field guide to the stone used for Northeastern Ohio’s sacred landmarks. compiling this information are noted. Both exterior and interior stones are described. Locations are given so that visitors can find various interior features. Finally, interesting facts having to do with the stones are given in a remarks section and references to sources used. Original publication date 1999.

Active Noise Barrier Minimizing Pressure Gradient, Carl Hart, Siu-Kit Lau

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Minimization of the sound pressure field within the shadow zone of a noise barrier is achieved by reducing the pressure gradient along a line, at the top of a barrier, via active noise control. The noise control effectiveness of a barrier is increased by this strategy, especially for specific system configurations. The proposed method was evaluated by numerical simulation. Results indicate that system orientation has little effect on minimizing the pressure gradient at the top of the barrier when the error sensors are invisible to the primary noise disturbance. Highly effective control within the shadow zone and close to the …

Multi-Productive Landscapes Of The Sustainable City: Opportunities For Managing Resource Needsthrough Urban Landscapes, N. Claire Napawan

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

This paper aims to link concerns for providing resource needs to city dwellers by considering urban open spaces as a means for creating infrastructural landscapes which limit ecological footprints ofcities and provide relief from density. How cities and their inhabitants manage their urban infrastructure is a critical component towards the design of efficient and sustainable use of natural capital, as many infrastructural systems reach the end of their usefulness in an era where population growth demands surpass carrying capacity. This paper will trace historical progressions of western cities' resource management systems, theorize opportunities for alternative and sustainable strategies of landscape …

A Water Field Civilization: The Shifting Rural Territories Of Taiwan, Pei-Chun Wen

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

The Taiwanese countryside is representative of Asia's 'hydraulic civilization' and has a society based upon a water-orientated productive landscape. Its irrigation system of paddy fields and fish pondsis strongly interrelated to society's collective units, such as families or unions, which, in turn, structure social morals and behaviors. In a comparison of three different agriculture plains in Taiwan, interpretative maps reveal differences in the settlement patterns related to topography and water resource management. The critical reading of historical documentation and creation of interpretative maps reveals how early settlers solved water threats and managed to stabilize water sources. The study proposes a …

Art On Water: Art That Revitalizes Insular Communities Facing Depopulation And Economic Decline, Kentaro Yagi

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

The Inland Sea of Japan, once a flourishing cultural and economic artery, is now struggling with depopulation and economic decline. Traditionally, this area has been popular for public and privateart projects. Recent large-scale art projects and exhibitions on Naoshima Island and Inujima Island explored the possibilities of art in a public context. Site-specific artworks in collaboration with the local community have attracted visitors and brought about a favorable impact. Along with the rich historic and natural resources of the Inland Sea area, emerging art projects in various islands have started to revitalize the insular communities within.

Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated December 2009, R. Hendron, C. Engebrecht

Publications (SD)

To track progress toward aggressive multi-year, whole-house energy savings goals of 40%–70% and on-site power production of up to 30%, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Residential Buildings Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the Building America (BA) Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and …

Re-Designing The 'Great Australian Dream': Creating A More Sustainable Housing Future, Eko Pam

Theses : Honours

Sustainable design is a buzzword in the field of architecture, yet very few houses built in Western Australia last year had an environmentally friendly focus. Through much debate and research, designers now have a thorough understanding of the environmental impact ofhousing (Kibert, 2005; Roaf, 2001; Yeang, 1995). The result is that architects worldwide are now offering a more sustainable housing model. These houses are expensive and look very different to the popular project homes. Despite this environmental awareness, the homes Western Australians build appear to be growing larger, with little regard for their future sustainability. There is reluctance among Australians …

Design Collaboratory (Dc), Thomas Fowler

Architecture

The Design Collaboratory builds on the successful 46-year multi-disciplinary experience of this academic institution in developing an interdisciplinary design studio, which cultivates innovative models of practice. A team of professors, with over 40 years of collective cross disciplinary collaborative experience, and students from Architecture and Architectural (Structural) Engineering Departments with periodic involvement from the Construction Management Department (LEED workshop and student involvement on team) participate in a 20-week interdisciplinary design studio. This course has been taught since the 2007/08 academic year. This interdisciplinary team approach to building design has all disciplines involved from the inception of the building design project. …

Optimum Absorption And Aperture Parameters For Realistic Coupled Volume Spaces Determined From Computational Analysis And Subjective Testing Results, David T. Bradley, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This project utilizes computational modeling to study the effects of varying two architectural parameters, absorption ratio and aperture size, in a realistic coupled volume concert hall. Coupled volumes have been shown to exhibit non-exponential sound energy decay profiles, referred to as double slope effect. A number of objective metrics (T30/T15, LDT/T10, decay ratio, and ΔL) have been used to quantify the double slope effect of the profiles generated in the virtual hall. T30/T15 and LDT/T10 showed similar trends across all hall configurations, indicating decreasing double slope effect with increasing coupled volume absorption ratio for each aperture size, and producing highest …

Ab-10-018: The Effects Of Noise From Building Mechanical Systems With Tonal Components On Human Performance And Perception (1322-Rp), Erica E. Ryherd, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This study investigated the effects of noise from building mechanical systems with tonal components on human task performance and perception. Six different noise conditions based on in-situ measurements were reproduced in an office-like setting; all were set to approximately the same sound level (47 dBA) but could have one particular tonal frequency (120 Hz, 235 Hz, or 595 Hz) at one of two tonal prominence ratios (5 or 9). Thirty participants were asked to complete typing, grammatical reasoning, and math tasks plus subjective questionnaires, while being exposed for approximately 1 hour to each noise condition. Results show that the noise …

Computational Modeling Of Effects Of Alloying Elements On Elastic Coefficients, Z. K. Liu, H. Zhang, S. Ganeshan, Y. Wang, S. N. Mathaudhu

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Models for composition and temperature dependencies of single-crystal elastic stiffness coefficients are developed and applied to the Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and hexagonal closed-packed solution phases in the Mg–Al system based on data from first-principles calculations. In combination with models for multi-phases, the bulk, shear, and Young’s moduli of Mg–Al alloys are predicted and compared with available experimental data in the literature. It is noted that both phase transition and grain boundary sliding may play important roles in the elastic coefficients as a function of temperature.

Ab-10-017: Combined Effects Of Noise And Temperature On Human Comfort And Performance (1128-Rp), Dale Tiller, Lily M. Wang, Amy Musser, Matthew Radik

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper summarizes results from an experiment designed to investigate the combined effects of noise and temperature on human thermal comfort and task performance. Thirty subjects (16 females, 14 males) were exposed to all combinations of five thermal conditions (PMV +1 [79.6°F:26.4°C], PMV +0.5 [75.8°F:24.3°C], PMV 0 [72.1°F:22.3°C], PMV -0.5 [68.3°F:20.2°C], and PMV -1 [64.6°F:18.1°C]), three RC noise levels (RC-30, RC-40, and RC-50), and two sound qualities (neutral and rumbly): all sounds mimicked noise from building ventilation systems. After a one-hour adaptation period at each condition, subjects rated their thermal comfort using the ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Scale and the Tenant …