Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Efficient Recycling Of Waste Rubber In A Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Mortar And Its Damping And Energy Dissipation Capacity, Haodao Li, Wu Jian Long, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Great Number of Waste Tires Are Discarded in Landfills, Occupying Land Resources, and Severely Endangering the Ecosystem. Upcycling These Wastes as Aggregates to Partially Substitute Natural Sand and Develop Structure-Function Integration in Concrete Structures is a Desirable Solution. in This Study, a Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Rubberized Mortar with Superior Material Damping and Moderate Strength is Developed by Combined Use of Waste Crumb Rubber (WCR) Incorporated at 0, 30%, and 60%, by Volume of Sand, and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Added at 0, 0.5%, and 1%, by Volume, in a High-Volume Fly Ash Binder System. Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP) Pre-Treatment of the …

Performance Assessment Of Bioasphalt Mixtures Containing Guayule Resin As An Innovative Biobased Asphalt Alternative, Ahmed Hemida, Magdy Abdelrahman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Guayule resin was investigated through mixture to assess its role in the field performance. For performance comparisons, conventional asphalt, neat guayule, asphalt-rubber-guayule, and guayule-rubber binders were implied. Field-simulated lab mixtures were made to investigate the major distresses. Modified Lottman, rut, semicircular bending, and disk-shaped compact tension tests were used to assess stripping, rutting, fatigue, and thermal cracking resistances. Stripping and rutting susceptibilities were also assessed by Hamburg wheel-tracking test. The outcomes disclosed that when the modified Lottman test was used, guayule containing a 7% air content was more susceptible to stripping than that containing a 3.5% air content, resulting in …

Inter-Wythe Slip Design Criteria For Non-Composite Insulated Walls, Abdelrahman Awawdeh, Fray F. Pozo-Lora, Marc Maguire

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Non-composite insulated wall connector design is governed by ICC-ES AC320. This standard works entirely in the loading domain, asking the engineer to prevent connector failure due to tension and shear loading. In this paper, the authors discuss additional criteria related to thermal loading and out-of-plane wind loading that create displacement demand in the non-composite connectors. Loads suitable for such analyses are not well defined. Loads are assumed and demonstrated herein and shown to cause significant displacement demand on connectors. Limited non-composite wythe connector testing is available, and some results are presented here. A comparison indicates that outright failure of non-composite …

Design Of Wythe Connectors For Concentrated Out-Of-Plane Loading Of Insulated Walls, Ammar Al-Maabreh, Fray F. Pozo, Marc Maguire

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Partially composite concrete insulated wall panels must be designed to handle different types of loading, including out-of-plane concentrated loads. Currently, there is a lack of information that describes and helps engineers analyze the mechanics of axial load transfer for insulated wall panels for concentrated out-of-plane loads that may occur from lifting, handling, or floor/roof reactions. Such loading generates axial and shear forces in the wythe connectors, making it important to choose the type and quantity of connectors in the design process. This paper aims to develop a better understanding of out-of-plane point load mechanics on concrete sandwich wall panels. A …

Relationships Between Residence Characteristics And Nursing Home Compare Database Quality Measures, Brian J. Puckett, Erica E. Ryherd, Natalie Manley, Carey S. Ryan

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Objective: This study evaluated relationships between physical characteristics of nursing home residences and quality-of-care measures.

Design: This was a cross-sectional ecologic study. The dependent variables were 5 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Nursing Home Compare database long-stay quality measures (QMs) during 2019: percentage of residents who displayed depressive symptoms, percentage of residents who were physically restrained, percentage of residents who experienced 1 or more falls resulting in injury, percentage of residents who received antipsychotic medication, and percentage of residents who received anti-anxiety medication. The independent variables were 4 residence characteristics: ownership type, size, occupancy, and region …

Analysis Of Eccentrically Loaded Frp Partially Wrapped Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected To Combined Environmental Erosion, Zhiqiang Gu, Congjie Wei, Chenglin Wu, Danying Gao, Peibo You, Dong Wei

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Partially Wrapped Reinforced Concrete (RC) Columns under Combined Environmental Erosion Was Investigated in This Paper. Circular RC Columns Were Firstly Subjected to Chloride Erosion Where the Target Corrosion Degree (0, 10 %, and 20 %) is Obtained with Externally Applied Current. This Was Then Followed by Partially Strengthening with 2-Ply of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Strips as Well as 50 Freeze–thaw Cycles. Series of Eccentric Compression Tests Were Conducted with Ranging Eccentricities of 0, 5 Mm, 10 Mm, and 15 Mm. for Comparison, the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Partially …

Investigation Of Corrosion Mechanism Of Ribbed Mild Steel Bars Coated With Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Paste, Fan Zhang, John J. Myers, Wenyu Liao, Cun Hui, Hongyan Ma

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Investigated the Anti-Corrosion Performance of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) Paste Applied to the Surface of Ribbed Mild Steel Bars – Which Was Exposed to Simulated Accelerated Corrosive Environment. Four Electrochemical Approaches Were Used Including Open-Circuit Potential (OCP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscope (EIS), Polarization Resistance (PR) and Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) over a Period of 5376 H (224 Days). Moreover, Visual Inspection, Optical Microscope, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Were Used to Assess the Extent of Corrosion on the Samples. to Understand the Mechanism of Corrosion Protection of the Coating System, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) …

Biomimicry As An Urban Challenge In Shaping The Future Of Cultural Communities, Nora M. Rehan

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

The cultural identity of urban communities is the main expression of historical privacy and shapes societies’ past, present, and future. It is an entity of cultural and knowledge accumulation stemming from the community's traditions and customs, which help to consolidate the social fabric and play an important role in the lives of individuals and the planning and development processes. Urban areas with cultural and heritage values are the most important competitive advantages of urban cities that are considered as a primary nucleus for achieving sustainability on a broader scale for the neighboring regions. One of the most important of those …

Effect Of Green Facade On The Urban Microclimate With Different Street Canyon, Aya Mostafa Hassoun, Mary Felix

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Using simulation tools, this study investigates the effect of green walls (GWs) on the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon within different street sizes. It can be planted without taking up more area and could enhance the microclimate environment, which is why it has a wide range of use potential in urban areas. Because Mina City has a threat of UHI, it was chosen for this study. The temperature within various street sizes in the research region was evaluated using only software called ENVI-met that simulates climate, and three common scenarios were chosen. In the first experiment, green walls extending over …

Analysis And Design Of Lateral Framing Systems For Multi-Story Steel Buildings, Husam Al Dughaishi, Jawad Al Lawati, Moad Alosta, Shaker Mahmood, Mohamed Faisal Al-Kazee, Nur Izzi Md Yusoff, Abdalrhman Milad

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This study focused on identifying the most appropriate structural system for multi-story buildings and analyzing its response to lateral loads. The study analyzed and compared the different structural systems to determine the most suitable option. The study aims to utilize three lateral framing systems (moment, braced, and diagrid) in order to investigate which system needs the least amount of steel to meet the design requirements. Thus, in order to determine the estimated steel savings of this system as compared to the moment and braced frames, the four-story and eight-story buildings that are 96' × 96' in the plane and utilize …

Raveling Performance Of Conventional And Rubberized Chip Seal Under Field And Laboratory Traffic Loading, Alireza Pourhassan, Ahmed A. Gheni, Mohamed Elgawady

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Raveling, or the Loss of Surface Aggregate, is a Major Concern in Chip Seal Pavement. Previous Studies Have Used the Standard Sweep, Vialit, and Pennsylvania Tests to Evaluate Raveling, But These Tests Do Not Replicate the Stresses of Rolling Vehicle Tires on Chip Seal and Have Produced Inconsistent Results. Additionally, These Tests Mainly Evaluate Early-Stage Raveling Due to their Short Curing Time. in This Study, a Small-Wheel Traffic Simulation Device (SWTS) Was Used to Apply Similar Stresses as Rolling Vehicle Tires and Produce Comparable Raveling Results. This Was Confirmed through a 13-Month Field Observation of Chip Seal, Where the Laboratory …

Hyperspectral Reflectance For Determination Of Steel Rebar Corrosion And Cl− Concentration, Pengfei Ma, Liang Fan, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Study, a New Method is Proposed to Determine Chloride Ion (Cl−) Concentration and Steel Rebar Corrosion from Hyperspectral Spectroscopy. Three Groups of Mortar Cubes with Water-To-Cement (W/c) Ratios of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 Were Subjected to Rapid Corrosion Testing in 3.5 Wt% NaCl Solution to Accelerate the Transport of Chloride Ions. Embedded Along the Centerline of Each Mortar Cube Was a Steel Rebar that Corroded When the Cl− Accumulation Around It Exceeded a Critical/threshold Concentration. Open Circuit Potential Was Measured to Characterize the Corrosion Possibility of Steel Rebar. Mortar Surfaces Were Scanned with a Hyperspectral Camera in the …

Airborne Infection Risks From Covid-19 In Meat Processing Plants And Different Solutions To Mitigate The Risks, Debayan Shom

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Dissertations, Thesis, and Student Research

Meat processing plants are linked to the rapid spread of COVID-19 cases. A related literature review shows a lack of proper ventilation standards for the meat processing plants for workers’ health and safety. Ventilation rates in these plants are considered adequate if the meat products are unadulterated. Thus, the air distribution and ventilation rate experiments were conducted in three meat processing plants. These measured ventilation rates were either compared to ASHRAE Std. 62.1 (2019) for a similar space or the design values provided by the plant’s administration. The measured values were low in common spaces, such as the cafeteria and …

Precious Plastics - Plastic Brick Machine Fabrication, Timothy Ukaobasi Kanu, Evi Paraskevi Troulis

Architectural Engineering

The goal of this research is to determine the structural parameters of the recycled plastic polypropylene when molded into bricks resembling CMU blocks. To accomplish this, three mechanisms had to be assembled: the shredder, the injector, and the 1x1 mold. A tensile and compression test were to be performed on the plastic brick, and the values would be used to compare the tensile and compressive strength of PP plastic bricks, as well as their modulus of elasticity and stress vs. Strain performance. These values would be analyzed to determine whether it would be feasible to build an entire plastic wall. …

Wind Effects On Dome Structures And Evaluation Of Cfd Simulations Through Wind Tunnel Testing, Tiantian Li, Hongya Qu, Yi Zhao, Ryan Honerkamp, Guirong Grace Yan, Arindam Chowdhury, Ioannis Zisis

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the Study, a Series of Wind Tunnel Tests Were Conducted to Investigate Wind Effects Acting on Dome Structures (1/60 Scale) Induced by Straight-Line Winds at a Reynolds Number in the Order of 106. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations Were Performed as Well, Including a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Simulation, and their Performances Were Validated by a Comparison with the Wind Tunnel Testing Data. It is Concluded that Wind Loads Generally Increase with Upstream Wind Velocities, and They Are Reduced over Suburban Terrain Due to Ground Friction. the Maximum Positive Pressure Normally Occurs Near the Base …

Enhancement Of Heat-Cured Cement Paste With Tannic Acid, Jinrui Zhang, Ziye Kang, Youzhi Yang, Biqin Dong, Hongyan Ma

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Improvement of Cement-Based Materials' Performance by Natural Organic Compounds Can Greatly Promote the Green and Sustainable Development of the Construction Industry. However, Such Compounds Are Not Widely Used Yet Because of their Retarding Effect on Cement. in This Study, the Retardation Effect of Tannic Acid (TA, a Well-Known Retarding Compound) is overcome and the Enhancing Effect is Achieved by Adding Less Than 0.1% Content and Curing Samples in Thermal Regime. Then the Mechanism of TA Enhancing Heat-Cured Cement Pastes is Studied Systematically. Mechanical Properties Results Suggest that Addition of 0.025% TA Can Reduce the Compressive and Flexural Strengths of …

Energy Performance Of Double Skin Façade For High-Rise Residential Building In Abu Dhabi, Narmeen Tariq Abu Hilal

Theses

The hot climate of the UAE generates unique challenges for architects and building engineers looking for energy efficiency in high-rise residential buildings. The use of glass building facades has been increased; this type of façade usually comes with a high air-conditioning cost due to the higher heat gain. To design energy-efficient buildings, it is essential to adapt the principles of sustainability and innovative transparent glass façade design into practice as the building facade is a major element in determining the amount of energy used in buildings. Construction details, methods, and materials of the residential building facade play an important role …

Synergistic Effect Of Hedp.4na And Different Induced Pouring Angles On Mechanical Properties Of Fiber-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Slag Composites, Jingjie Wei, Jianwei Liu, Kamal Khayat, Wu Jian Long

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Poor Flexural and Damping Properties of Building Materials Damages Concrete Structures and Affects their Service Life When Concrete Structures Are Subjected to Dynamic Loads. Three Different Dosages (I.e., 0%, 0.3%, and 0.6%) of Organic Phosphonates (HEDP.4Na) and Different Pouring Methods (I.e., Conventional Pouring Method, 90°-Induced Pouring Method, and 150°-Induced Pouring Method) Were Designed to Improve the Flexural and Damping Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Slag Composites (FR-AASC). the Enhanced Mechanism of HEDP.4Na Was Revealed by Phase Analysis (X-Ray Diffraction, XRD), Pore Structure Analysis (Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, MIP), the Heat of Hydration, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis. the Results Showed …

Integrating Quality Assurance In Balance Mix Designs For Durable Asphalt Mixtures: State-Of-The-Art Literature Review, Yizhuang David Wang, Jun Liu, Jenny Liu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Delivering durable asphalt concrete within a reasonable cost is one of the great ambitions of pavement material engineers. This state-of-the-art review article documents the efforts spent in the past two decades to ensure the durability and performance of asphalt mixtures in mix design and production. A perspective with the attempt to integrate laboratory mix design, plant production quality assurance, and field place acceptance is applied in the review. The development of the performance specification and performance mix design is summarized. The paper categorizes performance specification into index-based performance specification and predictive performance specification that include performance-related specification and performance-based specification. …

Construction Of High-Bay Lab Reaction Frame Foundations, David R. Bowen, Henry E. Miller, Blaize Twisselman

Construction Management

This paper details the construction process of two concrete modular foundations designed to meet specific design standards for various testing methods. The project, positioned within the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) High Bay Lab, will provide the Architectural Engineering (ARCE) and Construction Management (CM) departments with valuable insight into industry structural elements. The project required extensive forethought and thoroughness due to the complex designs, including 200 all-thread coupler attachments and a cumbersome rebar cage. This paper outlines the primary phases of construction, including material procurement and quality control, and discusses how the final product was obtained. …