Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons^™

Hearing-Aid Safety: A Comparison Of Estimated Threshold Shifts For Gains Recommended By Nal-Nl2 And Dsl M[I/O] Prescriptions For Children, Teresa Y. C. Ching, Earl E. Johnson, Mark Seeto, John H. Macrae

Earl E. Johnson

Objective: To investigate the predicted threshold shift associated with the use of nonlinear hearing aids fitted to the NAL-NL2 or the DSL m[i/o] prescription for children with the same audiograms. For medium and high input levels, we asked: (1) How does predicted asymptotic threshold shifts (ATS) differ according to the choice of prescription? (2) How does predicted ATS vary with hearing level for gains prescribed by the two prescriptions? Design: A mathematical model consisting of the modified power law combined with equations for predicting temporary threshold shift (Macrae, 1994b) was used to predict ATS. Study sample: Predicted threshold shift were …

Effects Of Degree And Configuration Of Hearing Loss On The Contribution Of High- And Low-Frequency Speech Information To Bilateral Speech Understanding, Benjamin W. Y. Hornsby, Earl E. Johnson, Erin Picou

Earl E. Johnson

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of degree and configuration of hearing loss on the use of, and benefit from, information in amplified high- and low-frequency speech presented in background noise.

Design: Sixty-two adults with a wide range of high- and low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (5 to 115+ dB HL) participated in the study. To examine the contribution of speech information in different frequency regions, speech understanding in noise was assessed in multiple low- and high-pass filter conditions, as well as a band-pass (713 to 3534 Hz) and wideband (143 to 8976 Hz) condition. To …

Voice Onset Time As A Clinical Indicator Of Hypofunctional Voice Disorders., Amanda Arnold, Lisa Phillips, Lindsay Pickler, Whitney White, Amanda Mccamey, Christopher Mccrea

Lindsay P. Greer

The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the voice onset times (VOTs) of healthy individuals using a normal and breathy voice in an effort to determine if VOT can be used as a noninvasive clinical indicator of laryngeal function. Recordings were made of 20 adults between the ages of 20-48 with normal laryngeal function, each using a normal (Group 1) and breathy voice (Group 2). The participants’ productions were designed and collected in such a manner to control for speaking rate, vowel context, pitch, and loudness; all of which have been shown to influence VOT. A mixed …

Better Hearing Devices And Many Forms Of Delivery, Earl E. Johnson

Earl E. Johnson

No abstract provided.

Hearing Loss In The Dental Office: The Effects Of High Speed Dental Drills On Dentists' Hearing, Krisztina Johnson, Jacek Smurzynski, Saravanan Elangovan, Marc Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

Hearing test results of 23 dentists obtained before and after working hours are compared to determine if dentists experience any temporary hearing loss. The aim of the project is to determine whether dental drills cause hearing loss and to document the consequences of the loss. Hearing evaluations include pure-tone audiometry, middle-ear testing, and measurements of otoacoustic emissions. The results are expected to convince dentists of the danger of noise exposure and the need for hearing protection

Musical Training Influences Auditory Temporal Processing, Saravanan Elangovan, Nicole Payne, Jacek Smurzynski, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

Background: A link between musical expertise and auditory temporal processing abilities was examined.

Material and methods: Trained musicians (n=13) and non-musicians (n=12) were tested on speech tasks (phonetic identification, speech recognition in noise) and non-speech tasks (temporal gap detection).

Results: Results indicated musicians had shorter between-channel gap detection thresholds and sharper phonetic identification functions, suggesting that perceptual reorganization following musical training assists basic temporal auditory processes.

Conclusions: In general, our results provide a conceptual advance in understanding how musical training influences speech processing, an ability which, when impaired, can affect speech and reading competency.

Military Trauma And Its Influence On Loudness Perception, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

Excerpt: It is often the case that veterans who experience hyperacusis have hearing loss and tinnitus; what sets the patient with PTSD apart is an increased likelihood that will rate sound tolerance problems as more severe than tinnitus and hearing loss.

Tinnitus And Trauma, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

Trauma-provoked tinnitus challenges patients and clinicians. Effects of trauma may exacerbate tinnitus, and patients with both tinnitus and posttraumatic stress disorder rate distress levels as higher than patients who experience only one or the other. This presentation will highlight links between tinnitus and trauma histories relevant to clinical audiologists.

Gap Discrimination And Speech Perception In Noise, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

The relation between discrimination of silent gaps and speech‐in‐noise perception was measured in 20 normal‐hearing listeners using speech‐shaped noise as both the gap markers and the noise source for speech testing. In the gap discrimination experiment, subjects compared silent gaps marked by 60 dB SPL 250‐ms noise bursts to standards of either 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 ms. The gap results were most similar to those reported by Abel [S. M. Abel, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 519–524 (1972)] as ΔT/T decreased non‐monotonically with increased gap length. In a second experiment, the California Consonant Test (CCT) was administered …

Auditory Filters Measured At Neighboring Center Frequencies, Marc A. Fagelson, C. A. Champlin

Marc A. Fagelson

Auditory filters were derived in 20 normal-hearing human listeners at center frequencies (CFs) of 913, 1095, 3651, and 4382 Hz using the roex (p,r) method. Comparisons were made between slopes of the filters' skirts at the neighboring CFs with filter output levels of 45 and 70 dB. The same comparisons were made with regard to filter equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB). In the 1000-Hz region, the low-frequency slopes (Pl) of filters centered at 913 and 1095 Hz were significantly correlated at both stimulus levels, while the high-frequency slopes (Pu) were similar only at the high test level. In the 4000-Hz region, …

Implementing Psychological Methods In The Management Of Trauma-Associated Tinnitus, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

Dr. Fagelson, (Professor Audiology, ETSU) will discuss the unusual challenges facing patients and providers when tinnitus severity is linked to traumatic exposure. Interactions between neural mechanisms associated with tinnitus, posttraumatic stress-disorder (PTSD), and traumatic memory will be reviewed with particular attention to the way and degree to which such interactions affect tinnitus and disorders of sound tolerance. Conference attendees will be provided theoretical models of emotional memory consolidation that underscore trauma‘s durable effects on a patient‘s emotional state, reaction to the tinnitus signal, and to potentially-triggering environmental sounds. The putative benefits of tinnitus counseling will be presented in the context …

Audiology Services At Remote Area Medical Expeditions In Southern Appalachia, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

This presentation summarizes the preparation for, and execution of, audiology series provided by East Tennessee State University's Audiology, Program at Remote Area Medical (RAM) expeditiors in the Southern Appalachian region. In 2010 and 2012, ETSU audiology faculty and students evaluatd 281 patients and subsequently fit 178 hearing aids.

Effectiveness Of Literacy Intervention Provided By School-Based Slps: Roles & Impressions On Literacy Teams, Ashley Alvarado

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine how effective speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are meeting all areas of responsibility for literacy intervention. To meet this purpose, SLPs from Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota were surveyed. The survey examined SLP’s roles on literacy teams, areas of involvement, potential attitudes, impressions, and educational experiences of SLPs to explain why their role and opinions on involvement in literacy intervention may vary.

Exploring Associations Between Language And Working Memory Abilities In Children With Specific Or Combined Impairments In Language And Working Memory, Laura J. Pauls

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Children with disproportionate deficits in language, known as Specific Language Impairment (SLI), often demonstrate deficits in nonverbal cognitive abilities, such as working memory. Such findings have prompted much debate on the association between language and working memory functioning. The primary aim of this thesis was to examine the connection between working memory and language abilities among children with specific or combined impairments in these domains. Study 1 examined the potential of narrative retell performance to indicate impairment in language or working memory among 17 children with specific or combined impairment in language or working memory as well as 9 controls. …

Speech Naturalness Before And Following Treatment In Adults Who Stutter, Alexis Novelli

Honors Theses

Purpose: The speech of persons who stutter can often sound unnatural. This can be due to a variety of factors including the presence of stuttering itself and/or the unintended consequence of speech-altering treatment. Understanding factors that contribute to speech naturalness within the stuttering population can direct improved management approaches. This study examines associations between speech task, behavioral measures of stuttering, and selected acoustic measures on listener ratings of speech naturalness for a group of adults immediately before and after participation in an intensive fluency-shaping treatment program. A secondary aim of this study is to assess the use of a novel …

Interpreting Mmse Performance In Highly Proficient Bilingual Spanish-English And Asian Indian-English Speakers: Demographic Adjustments, Item Analyses, And Supplemental Measures, Lisa H. Milman, Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah, Chris D. Corcoran, Deanna M. Damele

Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: Performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), among the most widely used global screens of adult cognitive status, is affected by demographic variables including age, education, and ethnicity. This study extends prior research by examining the specific effects of bilingualism on MMSE performance.

Method: Sixty independent community-dwelling monolingual and bilingual adults were recruited from Eastern and Western regions of the United States in this cross-sectional group study. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare two bilingual groups (Spanish-English and Asian Indian-English) with matched monolingual speakers on the MMSE, demographically adjusted MMSE scores, MMSE item scores, and a nonverbal cognitive …

Transition Of Care For Young Adults With Cleft Lip And Palate: We’Ve Got Some Growing Up To Do, Brenda Louw, Linda Vallino

ETSU Faculty Works

Participants will be able to:

• Describe the characteristics and needs of young adults with CLP.
• Discuss the model of transition of care for the young adult with CLP.
• Extrapolate strategies that teams could use to improve the care of young adults with CLP.

Full abstract available through The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal.

Musical Training Influences Auditory Temporal Processing, Saravanan Elangovan, Nicole Payne, Jacek Smurzynski, Marc A. Fagelson

Saravanan Elangovan

Background: A link between musical expertise and auditory temporal processing abilities was examined.

Material and methods: Trained musicians (n=13) and non-musicians (n=12) were tested on speech tasks (phonetic identification, speech recognition in noise) and non-speech tasks (temporal gap detection).

Results: Results indicated musicians had shorter between-channel gap detection thresholds and sharper phonetic identification functions, suggesting that perceptual reorganization following musical training assists basic temporal auditory processes.

Conclusions: In general, our results provide a conceptual advance in understanding how musical training influences speech processing, an ability which, when impaired, can affect speech and reading competency.

Hearing Loss In The Dental Office: The Effects Of High Speed Dental Drills On Dentists' Hearing, Krisztina Johnson, Jacek Smurzynski, Saravanan Elangovan, Marc Fagelson

Saravanan Elangovan

Hearing test results of 23 dentists obtained before and after working hours are compared to determine if dentists experience any temporary hearing loss. The aim of the project is to determine whether dental drills cause hearing loss and to document the consequences of the loss. Hearing evaluations include pure-tone audiometry, middle-ear testing, and measurements of otoacoustic emissions. The results are expected to convince dentists of the danger of noise exposure and the need for hearing protection

Auditory Temporal Resolution In Normal-Hearing Preschool Children Revealed By Word Recognition In Continuous And Interrupted Noise, Andrew Stuart, Gregg D. Givens, Letitia J. Walker, Saravanan Elangovan

Saravanan Elangovan

The purpose of this study was to examine temporal resolution in normal-hearing preschool children. Word recognition was evaluated in quiet and in spectrally identical continuous and interrupted noise at signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 10, 0, and −10dB−10dB−10dB. Sixteen children 4to5years4to5years4to5yearsof age and eight adults participated. Performance decreased with decreasing S/N. At poorer S/Ns, participants demonstrated superior performance or a release from masking in the interrupted noise. Adults performed better than children, yet the release from masking was equivalent. Collectively these findings are consistent with the notion that preschool children suffer from poorer processing efficiency rather than temporal resolution per se.