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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

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Articles 121 - 135 of 135

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Human Factors Analysis And Classification System--Hfacs, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann Feb 2000

The Human Factors Analysis And Classification System--Hfacs, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann

Publications

Human error has been implicated in 70 to 80% of all civil and military aviation accidents. Yet, most accident reporting systems are not designed around any theoretical framework of human error. As a result, most accident databases are not conducive to a traditional human error analysis, making the identification of intervention strategies onerous. What is required is a general human error framework around which new investigative methods can be designed and existing accident databases restructured. Indeed, a comprehensive human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) has recently been developed to meet those needs. Specifically, the HFACS framework has been used …

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Upon Closer Inspection...U.S. Naval Aviation Mishaps 1977-1992, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann Apr 1994

Upon Closer Inspection...U.S. Naval Aviation Mishaps 1977-1992, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann

Publications

The U.S. Navy/Marine Corps Class A flight/flight-related mishap rate has declined markedly since 1953. However, analysis of all Class A, B, and C naval aviation mishaps between January 1977 and December 1992 reveals that mishaps attributable to human factors have declined at a slower rate than those attributable to mechanical/environmental factors. Upon closer inspection of the data, marked differences were evident between single-piloted and dual-piloted aircraft. Global trends were primarily a function of single-piloted aircraft, particularly when phase of flight and time of day that a mishap occurred are considered. Previously reported improvement in aviation safety may be biased by …

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Tyrosine As A Countermeasure To Performance Decrement During Sleep Loss, Douglas A. Wiegmann, David F. Neri, Robert R. Stanny, Scott Shappell, Andrew M. Mccardie, David L. Mckay Apr 1994

Tyrosine As A Countermeasure To Performance Decrement During Sleep Loss, Douglas A. Wiegmann, David F. Neri, Robert R. Stanny, Scott Shappell, Andrew M. Mccardie, David L. Mckay

Publications

The fatigue and cognitive performance deficits associated with sleep loss and stress have motivated the search for effective nonpharmacological countermeasures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential behavioral effects of tyrosine, an amino-acid presursor to dopamine and norepinephrine, during an episode of continuous nighttime work involving one night of sleep loss.

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Behavioral Effects Of Tyrosine During Sustained Wakefulness, D. L. Wiegmann, D. F. Neri, R. R. Stanny, S. A. Shappell, A. H. Mccardie, D. L. Mckay Dec 1993

Behavioral Effects Of Tyrosine During Sustained Wakefulness, D. L. Wiegmann, D. F. Neri, R. R. Stanny, S. A. Shappell, A. H. Mccardie, D. L. Mckay

Publications

The fatigue and cognitive performance deficits associated with sleep loss and stress, like that experienced during sustained flight operations and nighttime flying, have motivated the search for effective nonpharmacological countermeasures. The behavioral effects of the potential countermeasure tyrosine, an amino-acid precursor to dopamine and norepinephrine, were examined during an episode of continuous nighttime work involving one night's sleep loss. Volunteers performed nine iterations of a battery of cognitive and subjective tasks for approximately 13 h, beginning at 1930 and ending at 0820 the following morning. Subjects remained awake throughout the day on which the experiment began and were awake for …

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Work/Rest Schedules And Performance Of F/A-18 Aviators During Fleet Exercise 1992, Scott A. Shappell, David F. Neri Apr 1993

Work/Rest Schedules And Performance Of F/A-18 Aviators During Fleet Exercise 1992, Scott A. Shappell, David F. Neri

Publications

As a continuation of our previous work during Operation Desert Shield/Storm, we examined the effect a fleet exercise has on the work/rest patterns, fatigue, and cognitive performance of F/A-18 aviators. For 10 days during Fleet Exercise 1992, 25 pilots from VFA-81 and VFA-83 completed daily work/rest logs while performing their usual tasks. Subjective measure of fatigue, quality of rest, and sleep need were also collected. A subset of these F/A-18 pilots completed a brief battery of cognitive tasks as soon before flying as possible and again after the flight debrief. As a group, the pilots were adequately rested with little …

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Work/Rest Schedules And Performance Of S-3 Aviators During Fleet Exercise 1992, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell Mar 1993

Work/Rest Schedules And Performance Of S-3 Aviators During Fleet Exercise 1992, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell

Publications

We examined the effect that a fleet exercise has on the work/rest patterns, fatigue, and cognitive performance of S-3 aviators. For 10 days during Fleet Exercise 1992, 21 S-3 aviators from CARRIER AIR WING SEVENTEEN (CVW-17) aboard USS SARATOGA (CV-60) completed detailed daily-activity logs while performing their usual tasks. Subjective measures of fatigue, quality of rest, and sleep need were also collected. A subset of eight aviators completed a brief battery of computer tasks as soon before flying as possible and again after flight debrief. Results indicated that, although the fleet exercise appeared to be below average in difficulty, there …

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Subjective Fatigue In A-6, F-14, And F/A-18 Aircrews During Operations Desert Shield And Storm, C. A. Dejohn, S. A. Shappell, D. F. Neri Oct 1992

Subjective Fatigue In A-6, F-14, And F/A-18 Aircrews During Operations Desert Shield And Storm, C. A. Dejohn, S. A. Shappell, D. F. Neri

Publications

Fatigue occurring during naval air combat can reduce performance, impair operational effectiveness, and compromise safety. This study examines the effect of combat missions on the subjective fatigue of naval aircrews deployed aboard USS AMERICA during Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Fatigue was determined using three questionnaires that were completed before and after each mission. Although fatigue significantly increased during combat missions, it usually returned to preflight levels by the next day without noticeably increasing as the operation progressed. We feel that judicious aircrew scheduling on the part of operational planners was one of the most important factors contributing to this …

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Effects Of Dextro-Methamphetamine On Subjective Fatigue, C. A. Dejohn, Scott Shappell, D. F. Neri Aug 1992

Effects Of Dextro-Methamphetamine On Subjective Fatigue, C. A. Dejohn, Scott Shappell, D. F. Neri

Publications

Declining aircrew performance during periods of sustained flight operations (SUSOPs) has underscored the need to develop effective countermeasures. This paper reports on the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant d-methamphetamine to alleviate the detrimental effects of a simulated SUSOPs on subjective fatigue. Subjective fatigue was repeatedly measured by three questionnaires. The simulated SUSOP started at 1800 and consisted of a 9-h planning session followed by 4 h of rest and a 14-h mission. After 6 h of sleep, the 9/4/14 work/rest/work pattern was repeated. At 4 1/2 h into the second mission, 13 subjects were administered 10 mg …

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The Effect Of Combat On The Work/Rest Schedules And Fatigue Of A-6 And F-14 Aviators During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell Aug 1992

The Effect Of Combat On The Work/Rest Schedules And Fatigue Of A-6 And F-14 Aviators During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell

Publications

During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, A-6 and F-14 aviators aboard USS AMERICA completed daily activity logs and provided subjective measures of fatigue. Aviators flew frequently at night during Desert Storm, but without substantial sleep-related fatigue or problems. A likely contributing factor was the large number of naval aviation assets brought into the combat theater, allowing workload to be shared and activity and rest times to be properly managed. However, raster plots of the data suggest that there may have been an additional contributing factor. The AMERICA travelled eastward from the east coast through seven time zones and became involved in combat …

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The Effect Of Combat On Aircrew Subjective Readiness And Lso Grades During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, Scott A. Shappell, David F. Neri May 1992

The Effect Of Combat On Aircrew Subjective Readiness And Lso Grades During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, Scott A. Shappell, David F. Neri

Publications

The effect of operational tasking on aircrew readiness during combat operations continues to be an area of intense investigation within the U.S. Navy. The recent Persian Gulf War provided a unique opportunity to collect data examining aircrew work/rest cycles and operational tasking in a combat environment. For 4 consecutive weeks during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, 18 A-6 and 18 F-14 aviators onboard the USS AMERICA (CV-66) completed daily work/rest logs of their activities while conducting operations from the Red Sea. Activities on the work/rest logs were coded to a resolution of one-half hour. Several flight parameters were also …

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Factor Analysis Of The Personal Profile System, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth Jan 1992

Factor Analysis Of The Personal Profile System, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth

Publications

Principal components extraction with orthogonal and oblique rotations tested construct validity for the Personal Profile System. MOST-LIKE endorsements of 96 behavioral descriptors were coded with 4, LEAST-LIKE with 1, and unendorsed with 2.5. Descriptor data from 1,045 senior noncommissioned Air Force officers were normalized. Four factors accounted for 85% of total variance, with 19 descriptors loading significantly on two factors and the remaining 77 on just one factor. The measure of sampling adequacy for every descriptor exceeded .94. One factor for the varimax-rotated (best) analysis was bi-scalar, loading on Steadiness and Compliance descriptors; a second resembled Influencing, a third loaded …

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Use Of A Commercially Available Flight Simulator During Aircrew Performance Testing, S. A. Shappell, B. J. Bartosh Nov 1991

Use Of A Commercially Available Flight Simulator During Aircrew Performance Testing, S. A. Shappell, B. J. Bartosh

Publications

Investigations of aircrew sustained operations (SUSOPS) have been criticized for employing tasks with no apparent external validity. Because measures obtained directly from aviators flying high-performance aircraft are difficult to obtain, a laboratory compromise is needed. High-fidelity flight simulators used for aircrew training offer the most realistic simulation, but their availability is limited. Personal computer-based flight simulators may provide adequate simulation in, the laboratory at a reasonable cost. This report describes a representative research protocol using a commercially available flight simulator during a simulated aircrew SUSOP.

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Factoring The Personal Profile System For Construct Validity: Three Analyses Under Different Standardization Assumptions, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth Jan 1991

Factoring The Personal Profile System For Construct Validity: Three Analyses Under Different Standardization Assumptions, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth

Publications

Three types of data were factor analyzed using principal components extractions with orthogonal and oblique rotations to test publisher claims for construct validity of the Personal Profile System (PPS). Behavioral descriptor data from 1,045 senior non-commissioned Air Force officers were factored as raw data, mean corrected data, and standardized z-scores (correlations). The most efficacious solution was produced with standardized z-scores generating four factors accounting for 86% of the total variance. The measure of sampling adequacy for every descriptor exceeded 0.922. The first factor was general with approximately equal loadings on each of the dominance, influencing, steadiness, and compliance dimensions. The …

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Star: A Computerized Tutorial In General Psychology, Barbara S. Chaparro, Charles G. Halcomb Jan 1989

Star: A Computerized Tutorial In General Psychology, Barbara S. Chaparro, Charles G. Halcomb

Publications

This study investigated the use of a computerized tutorial--Self-Test and Review (STAR)--in a computer-managed general psychology course. STAR consists of four major modules which provide the student with a variety of learning exercises, including practice quizzes, practice final exams, performance reviews, and structured study questions. The purpose of the study was to determine whether students would choose STAR as a study tool, the effect of lecture versus self-paced settings on the use of STAR, whether students who used STAR would perform better than those who did not, and the effect of the timing of feedback in STAR on performance. Students …

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Theoretical Considerations For Extracting Meaning From Personal Profile System Data: The Need For Independent Construct Validity Studies, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth Jan 1988

Theoretical Considerations For Extracting Meaning From Personal Profile System Data: The Need For Independent Construct Validity Studies, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth

Publications

The Personal Profile System (PPS) is a psychological testing instrument that has been widely used. The construct validity of the PPS was studied through a review of the literature. This paper organizes the literature review into three broad categories: the background of the PPS; the reliability of the PPS; and the validity of the PPS. The PPS is a self-scoring instrument measuring the behavioral responses of people along four dimensions: (1) dominance; (2) influencing; (3) steadiness; and (4) compliance. The instrument is designed to provide a systematic and comprehensive perception of an individual's behavioral tendencies and the behavioral tendencies of …

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