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Articles 631 - 660 of 3335
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Online Health Information Gathering And Health Service Utilization By Emergency Department Patients With Acute, Non-Urgent Illness Symptoms, Joanne Yastik
Wayne State University Dissertations
ABSTRACT
ONLINE HEALTH INFORMATION GATHERING AND HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PATIENTS WITH ACUTE, NON-URGENT ILLNESS SYMPTOMS
by
JOANNE M. YASTIK
May 2017
Advisor: Dr. Deborah Schutte
Major: Nursing
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Statement of the Problem: The influence of the Internet on our global society cannot be overstated. One of the most utilized areas on the Internet is the quest for health information (Bouche & Migeot, 2008; Goldman & Macpherson, 2006; Warner & Procaccino, 2007, Seckin, 2014). To date, little is known on how this information is being used or whether there is a link between online health …
Change In Processing Speed And Its Associations With Cerebral White Matter Microstructure, Muzamil Arshad
Change In Processing Speed And Its Associations With Cerebral White Matter Microstructure, Muzamil Arshad
Wayne State University Dissertations
The decline of cognition with age is one of the most feared aspects of aging, while the slowing of responses, or reduced processing speed, is one of the most reliable aspects of aging. Slowing of processing has been hypothesized to affect other domains of cognition as well. Despite the well-known slowing-age relationship and central position processing speed plays in theories of cognitive aging the neurobiological mechanisms which underpin slowing is unclear. If we could identify the biology associated with processing speed we could then attempt to develop interventions to mitigate the effects of age on those variables. In turn we …
Parent Interaction In Primetime Family Themed Television Portrayals: A Replication And Extension Of Dail And Way's (1985) Content Analysis, Anna Maria Katherine Flores
Parent Interaction In Primetime Family Themed Television Portrayals: A Replication And Extension Of Dail And Way's (1985) Content Analysis, Anna Maria Katherine Flores
Wayne State University Dissertations
This research is a replication and extension of Dail and Way’s (1985) content analysis identifying parent interactions portrayed in family oriented prime time network television programs. Family structure, parent role, child rearing, and child responses were coded from five episodes each of eight different programs from 2014-2015 television season. The programs presented parent roles more often than child rearing, while mothers were found in child rearing more often than fathers. Traditional family structures were most prevalent with fewer single parent households and a new presence of same-sex parents. Mothers and fathers were still portrayed stereotypically, but children’s responses were more …
Mass Shootings As Issue Management Exigencies And Focusing Events For Public Policy Debates, Melvin Gupton
Mass Shootings As Issue Management Exigencies And Focusing Events For Public Policy Debates, Melvin Gupton
Wayne State University Dissertations
This content analysis of multiple mass shooting cases examines a crisis genre that is not as frequently studied as other crises such as natural disasters or organizational exigencies. Though just as rich with stakeholders’ communicative exchanges and neatly traversing the three crisis stages, mass shootings have yet to be fully elaborated. To further the examination of these crises, this dissertation identifies those actors who hold the principal stakes in the aftermath of a mass shooting incident, and explores what these stakeholders are saying. By applying focusing events and issue management theories, it uncovers the prominent public policy issues reported in …
Preparing To Parent: Mindfulness In Expectant Parents Exposed To Adversity, Laurel Marie Hicks
Preparing To Parent: Mindfulness In Expectant Parents Exposed To Adversity, Laurel Marie Hicks
Wayne State University Dissertations
Expectant parents who have been exposed to psychosocial risk encounter deleterious psychological (Ashley et al., 2016), and physiological (V. H. Pereira, Campos, & Sousa, 2017) effects. This not only affects the parent-to-be, but also may affect the developing fetus (E. P. Davis et al., 2011) and is linked to poorer infant development (Lefmann & Combs-Orme, 2014). However, not all risk-exposed individuals experience this, many are resilient and still thrive in the face of adversity. Understanding potential risk and resiliency factors in expectant parents is advantageous, so tailored interventions can be devised to improve outcomes. One potential resiliency factor, mindfulness, is …
Identifying Sex-Specific Cognitive And Diagnostic Profiles Of Children On The Autism Spectrum, Jessica Lee Irwin
Identifying Sex-Specific Cognitive And Diagnostic Profiles Of Children On The Autism Spectrum, Jessica Lee Irwin
Wayne State University Dissertations
Although there has been great interest in identifying sex differences in diseases or disorders that differentially affect males versus females, relatively less effort has been devoted to research on the differences between males and females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), despite the known male preponderance in ASD. The identification of separate male and female phenotypes within ASD would help parents, teachers, and clinicians better identify girls who may need ASD-related intervention services, inform the targets and goals of such interventions, and lead to the refinement of diagnostic criteria and instruments designed to diagnose ASD in children.
The current study sought …
Essays On Health And Labor Market Outcomes, Maryam Jafari Bidgoli
Essays On Health And Labor Market Outcomes, Maryam Jafari Bidgoli
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation examines the relationship between health and labor market outcomes using the 1996-2010 longitudinal RAND Health and Retirement Study (HRS). First, it estimates the relationship between health and labor supply using a simultaneous equation model, treating health as endogenous. The effect of health may be overestimated because people may adjust their non-employment status by their health conditions (justification hypothesis). By using a full information maximum likelihood method, we can conduct a true test of exogeneity on the health variable, taking into account the correlation between two labor supply and health equations’ time-varying error components (unobserved heterogeneity). The results confirm …
Family Consultation To Reduce Early Hospital Readmissions Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Matthew James Jasinski
Family Consultation To Reduce Early Hospital Readmissions Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Matthew James Jasinski
Wayne State University Dissertations
Background: The U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have mandated reducing early hospital readmissions (i.e., within 30 days of discharge) to both improve patient care and reduce expenses. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have relatively high early readmission rates, due in part to their complex medical regimens but also cognitive impairment, health literacy problems, and lack of social support. We developed a brief family consultation intervention to address these problems and tested its ability to reduce early readmissions among patients with ESRD.
Method: 120 hospitalized adults with ESRD (M age = 57.5 years; 50% male; 86% Black, 12% …
The Effect Of Computer-Delivered Brief Intervention On Heavy Alcohol Use: A Pilot Study, Benjamin Varner Laliberte
The Effect Of Computer-Delivered Brief Intervention On Heavy Alcohol Use: A Pilot Study, Benjamin Varner Laliberte
Wayne State University Dissertations
Alcohol misuse remains a significant issue on college campuses. One potential remedy, especially for those unwilling or unable to seek face-to-face intervention, are computer-delivered brief interventions. Although the literature is mixed regarding the magnitude of their effect on alcohol use, findings are consistent that they at least produce small changes in alcohol use. The current study tested a computer-delivered brief intervention (CDBI) against an education-only control in order to examine its efficacy in reducing alcohol use. Additionally, it tested the interactive effects of secondary psychopathic personality, a trait associated with higher rates of alcohol use. 100 heavy drinking college students …
The Role Of Media In Promoting Good Governance And Building Public Perception About Governance: A Comparison Of China And The United States, Juan Liu
Wayne State University Dissertations
The media plays three key roles in promoting good governance: watchdog, civic forum and agenda-setter. Despite decades of scholarship, there is little systematic effort to examine the empirical relationship between the media and governance. Moreover, scholars conceptualized governance with their interests and scope of work. Regardless of political system, this dissertation puts forth a new definition of good governance, and explores how controversies or issues framed by the media can be employed to initiate debates among citizens to enhance their own understanding of the political process, in particular the performance of the government.
The first study utilized framing theory to …
Rationalization And The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act: Exploring The Characteristics Of Multi-Level Performance Monitoring And Improvement, Robert J. Mahu
Wayne State University Dissertations
Performance measurement has emerged as a management tool that, accompanied by advances in technology and data analysis, has allowed public officials to control public policy at multiple levels of government. In the United States, the federal government has used performance measurement as part of an accountability strategy that enables Congress and the Executive Branch to control areas of public policy historically driven by state and local governments. In special education, Congress through the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) of 2004 enabled the President to implement a wide-ranging and highly developed performance measurement system in which the states were …
Evaluation Of Milwaukee B And Synchronized As New Service Interchange Designs, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan
Evaluation Of Milwaukee B And Synchronized As New Service Interchange Designs, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan
Wayne State University Dissertations
These days, alternative interchanges are attracting the attention of transportation
agencies and designers more than ever. Most of the existing interchanges in the U.S
were built in the 1950s and 1960s when traffic volume was much lower, and the type of
vehicles and driving habits were completely different. Moreover, the knowledge of
highway design and safety is more developed now, and this provides an appropriate
situation to increase the efficiency of interchanges regarding traffic operation and safety
using alternative interchanges.
This research evaluated the performance of two proposed service interchange
designs—the synchronized design which is related to a superstreet intersection …
Schools And Families Empowering Learning (Safe-Learning): An Intervention Feasability Study, Lilia Elizabeth Mucka
Schools And Families Empowering Learning (Safe-Learning): An Intervention Feasability Study, Lilia Elizabeth Mucka
Wayne State University Dissertations
For parents, academic achievement is an important part of their child’s development. Generally, parents, teachers and the community are expected to play a supporting role in learning, yet many students struggle in an educational system some believe is in crisis (Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, & Willingham, 2013). Low-income minority youth are particularly at risk for negative outcomes, such as higher absence rates in school and lower achievement scores (Hochschild, 2003; Zhang, 2003), as compared to suburban White middle/upper-income youth. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of implementing the SAFE-Learning intervention, an adaptation of the Family Check Up, with urban …
The Narrative Of The Outsider: Marginalization In The Works Of María Luisa Bemberg, Lucrecia Martel, And Lucía Puenzo, Natalie Nagl
The Narrative Of The Outsider: Marginalization In The Works Of María Luisa Bemberg, Lucrecia Martel, And Lucía Puenzo, Natalie Nagl
Wayne State University Dissertations
Through film and literature, my dissertation explores the representation of race, social class, and gender in the works of three Argentine directors. These social constructs have become so ingrained in interpersonal relations that there is rigidity in how they are considered. Therefore, those individuals who do not think and interact appropriately with the constructs occupy the outside. The possibility of marginalization adds another layer to the constructs by sensitizing them to the point that they affect the individual and their relationships (i.e. psychologically and socially). However, several representations, such as those that make up our corpus, challenge the definitions of …
Structure, Gender, Tribalism, And Workplace Power In Libya, Rajia Rashed
Structure, Gender, Tribalism, And Workplace Power In Libya, Rajia Rashed
Wayne State University Dissertations
The study examines the nature of workplace power in a Libyan oil company and how is power distributed, managed, and maintained within the structure of this workplace. I also examine how gender and tribal identities affect who has power in the workplace setting. I also look at the types of decisions workers have control over, depending on their rank and status within the organization, time with company, gender and tribal identity. In this proposal, I argue that workplace power is not only about decision making within the company, but it also mirrors larger social and political inequalities in the society …
The Political Determinants Of Food Security: Democracy, Decentralization, And Federalism, Catherine E. Schmitt-Sands
The Political Determinants Of Food Security: Democracy, Decentralization, And Federalism, Catherine E. Schmitt-Sands
Wayne State University Dissertations
Food security is partially determined by politics. This dissertation examines three political determinants of food security: democracy, decentralization, and federalism. Each one is operationalized and tested quantitatively against food security using a dataset of all countries from 1990 to 2011, although each model employs a different subset of the dataset. Democracy is divided along two dimensions: political rights and civil liberties. Both are significant positive predictors of food security. Increases in civil liberties are more consistently and strongly associated with food security than increases in political rights.
Decentralization is assessed along three dimensions: fiscal, administrative, and political. Fiscal and administrative …
This Is Us Saying Who We Are: Speaking The Rhetoric Of Mental Disability, Renuka Uthappa
This Is Us Saying Who We Are: Speaking The Rhetoric Of Mental Disability, Renuka Uthappa
Wayne State University Dissertations
People with mental disabilities, or what are sometimes referred to as “mental illnesses,” face stigma when they interact with the public. To fight this stigma, the members of a small, grassroots, advocacy organization known as the Speakers Bureau travel to high school and college classrooms narrating their experiences with mental disability. They do so to replace culturally circulating stereotypes regarding such disability with more accurate and positive images. This dissertation is an auto-ethnographic exploration of the rhetoric of the Speakers Bureau. Through rhetorical analysis of members’ classroom speeches, of interviews with each speaker, and of the speaker’s self- assessment of …
Women’S Readiness To Engage In Risky Sexual Behavior: The Effects Of Interpersonal Violence Victimization And Social Rejection, Jacqueline Woerner
Women’S Readiness To Engage In Risky Sexual Behavior: The Effects Of Interpersonal Violence Victimization And Social Rejection, Jacqueline Woerner
Wayne State University Dissertations
The current study explores the role of psychosocial factors in women’s likelihood to engage in risky sexual behavior (RSB). Social rejection is particularly relevant as it is linked to a wide range of negative outcomes including engagement in self-reported RSB; however, its causal role has been rarely studied in a systematic manner. Furthermore, interpersonal violence victimization has been associated with RSB, but the processes underlying this relationship are largely unknown. This study aimed to: 1) test the impact of social rejection on women’s tendency to engage in RSB; 2) understand victimization as an individual vulnerability for engaging in RSB; and …
Maternal Attachment Representations Of The Infant In The First Year Of Life: The Influence Of Prenatal Factors., Fatimah Hussain Alismail
Maternal Attachment Representations Of The Infant In The First Year Of Life: The Influence Of Prenatal Factors., Fatimah Hussain Alismail
Wayne State University Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the predictability of prenatal factors, including maternal depression, reflective functioning, and romantic attachment style, on maternal mental representations at seven months postpartum. The participants were 74 mothers, a subsample of the Perinatal Imaging of Neural Connectivity study (PINC). Data from the current study were collected using semi-structured interviews, including the Pregnancy Interview-Revised (PI-R) (Slade, Grunebaum, Huganir, & Reeves, 1987) and the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI; Zeanah, Benoit, Barton, & Hirshberg, 1996); and self-report questionnaires, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987) and the Experiences …
Occupational Choices Among Arab Americans In The U.S.: An Examination Of The Effects Of Gender, Educational Attainment, Generational Status, Country Of Origin, And Motivation, Saad Rashed Alzeer
Occupational Choices Among Arab Americans In The U.S.: An Examination Of The Effects Of Gender, Educational Attainment, Generational Status, Country Of Origin, And Motivation, Saad Rashed Alzeer
Wayne State University Dissertations
Migrating to the United States of American holds both great promises and challenges for prospective immigrants. This is true for Arab Americans who migrated to the United States in increasing numbers over the last several decades. One of the most important, yet simultaneously under-examined areas of research interest is that of Arab Americans’ occupational choices and occupational motivations. Occupational choices and motivations are correlated to social status, income earning potential, familial stability, and even health outcomes. This is true for the U.S. population as a whole and even more so for immigrant groups such as Arab Americans.
The present study …
Does Tort Reform Affect The Market For Lawyers? Evidence From The U.S States., Ablaye Camara
Does Tort Reform Affect The Market For Lawyers? Evidence From The U.S States., Ablaye Camara
Wayne State University Dissertations
This paper investigates the determinants of the market for lawyers with a focus on demand variables including tort reform laws. In this study, I used the Feasible Generalized Least Squared method and a Panel Corrected Standard Error method, with year and State identifiers applied to a panel of U.S states, to estimate the determinants of the Number of Lawyers. I also used the Fixed Effect model with year and state identifiers to evaluate the effects of these determinants on the Earnings of Lawyers.
The findings show that the Lagged Number of Lawyers and the Lagged Alternative Earnings are both significant …
Variations In The Marital Attitudes And Marital Status Of Black And White Americans: An Intersectional Approach, Stacey Ellen Coleman
Variations In The Marital Attitudes And Marital Status Of Black And White Americans: An Intersectional Approach, Stacey Ellen Coleman
Wayne State University Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation was to assess the unique socio-demographic positions of Black and White Americans related to variations in marital attitudes and marital status and differences in sex. The study was guided by two research aims: 1.) to assess whether socio-demographic factors were related to racial variations in marital attitudes of Blacks and Whites and if the relationships differ by race and sex and 2.) to assess whether socio-demographic factors were differentially associated with marital status of Black and White Americans and if they varied by race and sex. The study drew on individual-level, nationally representative, cross-sectional, 2010 …
Maternal Employment, Quality Time And Children Outcomes, Ahlam El Yaman
Maternal Employment, Quality Time And Children Outcomes, Ahlam El Yaman
Wayne State University Dissertations
In this paper, I explore two relationships using the three waves of the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. In the first model, I assess the effect of maternal employment on the quantity and quality of time spent with the child. I use child and family fixed estimation and I also look at whether this relationship varies according to the mother’s educational attainment, the gender and the age of the child. In the second model, I estimate child production functions to examine the effects of quantity and quality of mother-child time on children’s behavioral and cognitive …
Parent-Child Interaction Style And Adjustment To Pediatric Cancer Treatment, Benjamin D. Goodlett
Parent-Child Interaction Style And Adjustment To Pediatric Cancer Treatment, Benjamin D. Goodlett
Wayne State University Dissertations
Substantial gains in the survival rate of children diagnosed with cancer have been achieved; however, a large body of evidence exists that children and their families are at increased psychosocial risk. Missing from our understanding is how real-time, moment-to-moment interactions build to long-term, developmental changes in child functioning. This project expands our understanding of the variation in child distress during procedures as well as long-term adjustment. Real-time coding and global ratings of parent and child behaviors were used to describe parent-child interactions in terms of dyadic flexibility and dyadic mutuality.
To carry out this project, a new system of collecting …
Mitochondrial-Dna Phylogenetic Information And The Reconstruction Of Human Population History: The South American Case, María Bárbara Postillone, S. Ivan Perez
Mitochondrial-Dna Phylogenetic Information And The Reconstruction Of Human Population History: The South American Case, María Bárbara Postillone, S. Ivan Perez
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Objectives: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences are becoming increasingly important in the study of human population history. Here, we explore the differences in the amount of information of different mtDNA regions and their utility for the reconstruction of South American population history.
Material and methods: We analyzed six datasets comprising 259 mtDNA sequences from South America: Complete mtDNA, Coding, Control, hypervariable region I (HVRI), cytochrome b (cytb) plus Control, and cytb plus 12S plus 16S. The amount of information in each dataset was estimated employing several site-by-site and haplotype based statistics, distances among sequences, Neighbor-joining trees, distances among the estimated trees, …
Self-Care Among Older Adults With Heart Failure, Sumayya Attaallah, Kay Klymko, Faith Pratt Hopp
Self-Care Among Older Adults With Heart Failure, Sumayya Attaallah, Kay Klymko, Faith Pratt Hopp
Social Work Faculty Publications
Background: It is estimated that 5.7 million Americans are living with heart failure (HF) today. Despite the fact that HF is one of the most common reasons people aged 65 years and older are admitted into the hospital, few studies describe the self-care in this older adult population. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to review the current literature on self-care in this population to better understand the influence of selected factors on self-care and health outcomes. Methods: A literature search was completed and resulted in including 28 studies. Results: Multiple factors have been reported as barriers to self-care …
Growing Up Fast: Using Vagrant To Prototype New Infrastructure, Joshua Neds-Fox, Cole Hudson, Graham S. Hukill
Growing Up Fast: Using Vagrant To Prototype New Infrastructure, Joshua Neds-Fox, Cole Hudson, Graham S. Hukill
Library Scholarly Publications
The library established a task force with the university archive to preserve and provide access to the archive’s digital objects. The archive said: ‘here’s 60 terabytes.’ We (the librarians) thought: ‘our 2 terabyte, single server infrastructure won’t work.’ So, we sketched out one that met the archive’s requirements and aligned with trusted digital repository best practices. Given limited resources to build out this infrastructure, we turned to virtual machines.
Our presentation will outline how prototyping with Vagrant and virtual machines allowed us to put a theoretical infrastructure through the wringer, improving the design and leading to a confident deployment.
Barriers, Motivations, And Preferences For Physical Activity Among Female African American Older Adults, Neha P. Gothe, Bradley J. Kendall
Barriers, Motivations, And Preferences For Physical Activity Among Female African American Older Adults, Neha P. Gothe, Bradley J. Kendall
Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 11% of adults more than the age of 65 meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Among minority populations, only 5% of non-Hispanic Black older adults met the guidelines. Given our limited understanding of psychosocial and environmental factors that affect physical activity participation in these groups, the purpose of our focus groups was to investigate barriers, motivators, and preferences of physical activity for community-dwelling African American older adults. Three focus groups were conducted with female African American older adults (N = 20). Questions posed to each focus group …
Efficient And Unbiased Estimation Procedure Of Population Mean In Two-Phase Sampling, Reba Maji, Arnab Bandyopadhyay, G. N. Singh
Efficient And Unbiased Estimation Procedure Of Population Mean In Two-Phase Sampling, Reba Maji, Arnab Bandyopadhyay, G. N. Singh
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
In this paper, an unbiased regression-ratio type estimator has been developed for estimating the population mean using two auxiliary variables in double sampling. Its properties are studied under two different cases. Empirical studies and graphical simulation have been done to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed estimator over other estimators.
Developing Bayesian-Based Confidence Bounds For Non-Identically Distributed Observations Using The Lyapunov Condition, Garry M. Jacyna, Scott L. Rosen
Developing Bayesian-Based Confidence Bounds For Non-Identically Distributed Observations Using The Lyapunov Condition, Garry M. Jacyna, Scott L. Rosen
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The purpose of this paper is to establish a direct method for assessing the confidence in the detection and identification probabilities for segmented observations that are not identically distributed across assigned segments within a region. This paper arrives at easily computable confidence intervals by showing through mathematical analysis that:
I. The probability of successful detection within each test segment can be characterized by a Beta distribution;
II. The distribution of a weighted sum of independent but non-identically distributed sample means is asymptotically Normally distributed by the Lyapunov variant of the Central Limit Theorem, i.e., the approximation improves as the number …