Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Influence Of Spatial Reference Frames On Imagined Object-And Vvewer Rotations, Maryjane Wraga, Sarah H. Creem, Dennis R. Proffitt

Psychology: Faculty Publications

The human visual system can represent an object's spatial structure with respect to multiple frames of reference. It can also utilize multiple reference frames to mentally transform such representations. Recent studies have shown that performance on some mental transformations is not equivalent: Imagined object rotations tend to be more difficult than imagined viewer rotations. We reviewed several related research domains to understand this discrepancy in terms of the different reference frames associated with each imagined movement. An examination of the mental rotation literature revealed that observers' difficulties in predicting an object's rotational outcome may stem from a general deficit with …

Beliefs In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Gail Steketee, Randy O. Frost, Iris Cohen

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Several types of beliefs have been hypothesized to be associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including responsibility for harm, need to control thoughts, overestimates of threat, intolerance of uncertainty, and beliefs about the consequences of anxiety and capacity to cope. The present study compared 62 subjects with OCD, 45 with other anxiety disorders (AD) and 34 controls, using 3 measures of OCD-related beliefs. OCD subjects scored higher than AD and control samples on 2 general belief measures. A closer analysis of specific belief domains indicated that OCD subjects scored higher than AD and control subjects on all 6 specific belief domains …

Hoarding, Compulsive Buying And Reasons For Saving, Randy O. Frost, Hyo Jin Kim, Claire Morris, Cinnamon Bloss, Marta Murray-Close, Gail Steketee

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Two studies examined hypotheses about compulsive hoarding, compulsive buying and beliefs about saving and discarding derived from the cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. A cognitive behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 341-350.]. Study 1 examined the hypotheses in a college student population, while study 2 compared members of a support group for hoarding and clutter-related problems with a nonclinical control. Across studies the hypotheses were supported. Compulsive hoarding was associated with compulsive buying and the frequency of acquisition of possessions discarded by others, suggesting that compulsive acquisition may be a broader construct than compulsive buying among …

The Effects Of Gain Sharing On The Basic Wage: The Case Of Improshare, Roger T. Kaufman

Economics: Faculty Publications

Although gain-sharing plans are typically promoted to workers as a way of increasing total compensation, workers are often concerned that gain-sharing bonuses may becvomne substitutes for future wage increases that would have occurred in the absence of the plan. I examine the theoretical and empirical interaction among wages, bonuses, effort, and productivity in firms that implemented IMPROSHARE, a well-known gain-sharing plan. Using longitudinal data obtained from detailed survey questionnaire, I find that one can usually reject both the perfectly competitive model in which effort is held constant (in which case bonuses are a perfect substitute for wages) and the 'pure …

The Applicability Of William E. Cross’S Model Of Black Identity Development And Vivienne Cass’S Model Of Lesbian/Gay Identity Formation To The Experience Of Black Lesbians, Lisa Lynelle Moore

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The purpose of this research was to explore the applicability of William E. Cross' Black identity development model and Vivienne Cass' model of lesbian/ gay identity formation to the experience of Black lesbians. Through evaluating their applicability the experience of identity integration was addressed in the experience of Black lesbians whose intersections of identity may conflict within a predominately heterosexual Black community and in the visible lesbian community which is often perceived as predominately White.

Through using an interview guide comprised of ten open-ended questions developed by the researcher, sixteen women between the ages of nineteen and forty-nine participated in …

Perfectionism In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients, Randy O. Frost, Gail Steketee

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Considerable theory and anecdotal evidence has suggested that patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are more perfectionistic. Evidence with non-clinical populations supports this hypothesis. However, no data are available on levels of perfectionism among patients diagnosed with OCD. The present study extends findings on perfectionism and OCD by comparing perfectionism levels of OCD-diagnosed patients with those of non-patients and a group of patients diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). As predicted, patients with OCD had significantly elevated scores on Total Perfectionism, Concern Over Mistakes, and Doubts About Actions compared to non-patient controls. However, they did not differ from patients with …

Women's Reproductive Choices: The Impact Of Medicaid Funding Restrictions, Deborah Haas-Wilson

Economics: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Anxiety On Attentional Allocation And Task Performance: An Information Processing Analysis, Patricia Marten Dibartolo, Timothy A. Brown, David H. Barlow

Psychology: Faculty Publications

An information processing signal detection methodology was employed to examine attentional allocation and its correlates in both normal comparison (NC) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) participants. In particular, the impact of neutral distractor and negative feedback cues on performance of an attention vigilance task was investigated. Individuals with GAD (N = 15) evidenced impaired performance on an attention vigilance task relative to NC participants (N = 15) when neutral distractor cues were presented. Contrary to prediction, no group differences in performance were detected under conditions in which participants were presented negative feedback cues they were told were relevant to their …

An Account Of The Systematic Error In Judging What Is Reachable, Philippe Rochat, Maryjane Wraga

Psychology: Faculty Publications

An account of the postural determinants of perceived reachability is proposed to explain systematic overestimations of the distance at which an object is perceived to be reachable. In this account, these errors are due to a mapping of the limits of prehensile space onto a person's perceived region of maximum stretchability, in the context of a whole-body engagement. In support of this account, 6 experiments on the judged reachability of both static and dynamic objects are reported. We tentatively conclude that the mental imagery of action is grounded and calibrated in reference to multiple skeletal degrees of behavioral freedom. Accordingly, …

Experiences Of Bidialectism In College-Educated African Americans: An Exploratory Study, Ina N. Owens

Masters Theses

This study was undertaken to explore experiences of bidialectism in college-educated African Americans. The major questions in this study attempted to answer the following: 1) How do college-educated African Americans perceive and negotiate differences between Black and Standard English? 2) Does negotiating two language systems impact their sense of cultural identity? If so, in what ways? and, 3) Is there a conflict involved in negotiating two language systems? If so, what is the nature of the conflict?

Eight interviews were conducted with graduate students who were both Black and Standard English speakers. Subjects ranged in age from 22 to 50. …

Spouse Enabling Of Alcohol Abuse: Conception, Assessment, And Modification, Edwin J. Thomas, Marianne Yoshioka, Richard D. Ager

School for Social Work: Faculty Publications

This article presents a conception of spouse enabling of partner alcohol abuse, a review of its dysfunctions, and an approach to assessment and modification to reduce spouse enabling behavior. Based on experience with its use in unilateral family therapy with many spouses of treatment-refusing alcohol abusers, procedural guidelines, treatment methods, two case examples from a crossover experimental dyad, and clinical results for the two cases in the dyad are described. Also presented are practice issues, characteristics of spouse enabling as the), relate to disenabling intervention, and areas of possible application of the disenahling program.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Interview Versus Self-Report, Gail Steketee, Randy Frost, Karen Bogart

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Several studies have demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) conducted by trained interviewers. The present study examined several aspects of a self-report YBOCS version relative to the usual interview format in two non-clinical samples (ns = 46 and 70) and in a clinical OCD sample (n = 36) and a clinical non-OCD group (n = 10). The self-rated instrument showed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, performing somewhat better than the interview. There was good agreement between symptom checklist categories across the two versions, though clinical subjects reported more symptoms on the self-report form …

The Effect Of Movie Portrayals Of Therapy And Therapists On College Students' View Of Therapy And Therapists, Karin Perlman

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study was undertaken to explore the effects of movie portrayals of therapy and therapists on the public's view of therapy and therapists. lt was hypothesized that much of the information that forms individuals' views of therapy comes from the media, specifically the portrayals they see in movies.

To explore to what extent subjects felt their impressions of therapy and therapists were informed by movies and by other sources, volunteers were enlisted to fill out questionnaires. The questionnaire asked subjects to identify and then describe the sources of information that they felt have formed their understanding of therapy and therapists. …

Socrates On The Decline And Fall Of Regimes: Books 8 And 9 Of The Republic, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Feminist Analysis Of Public Policy, Martha A. Ackelsberg

Study of Women, Gender, & Sexuality: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nagging And Other Drinking Control Efforts Of Spouses Of Uncooperative Alcohol Abusers: Assessment And Modification, Marianne R. Yoshioka, Edwin J. Thomas, Richard D. Ager

School for Social Work: Faculty Publications

This article presents a conception of spouse drinking control and an approach to assessment and modification to reduce the customary drinking control efforts of spouses of alcohol abusers unmotivated to enter treatment. Modification of the nonalcoholic spouse’s customary drinking control is offered as an important early step in helping to prepare him or her to become a positive rehabilitative influence. Based on its use in unilateral family therapy with 68 spouses of uncooperative alcohol abusers, procedural guidelines, criteria for use, and two case examples from a crossover experimental dyad are described. Also presented are clinical results illustrating the success of …

The Philosopher Outside The City: The Apolitical Socrates Of The Crito, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

Of all the Platonic dialogues, the Crito best depicts the citizenship of Socrates. This is a well-known and widely accepted fact. What has gone largely unnoticed, however, is the counter evidence suggesting that Socrates is no citizen at all. It is here argued that beneath the surface of the dialogue lies an account of Socrates as a wholly autonomous man, one who minimizes or denies his obligations to the city. Socrates is apolitical, or outside the city, not in consequence of a libertarian interpretation of the law, as is sometimes thought, but because of his special status as a philosopher.

Whose Daughter Are You? : Exploring Identity Issues Of Lesbians Who Are Adopted : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Anne Mi Ok Bruining

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

No abstract provided.

Enlightenment Self-Interest In The Peloponnesian War: Thycydidean Speakers On The Right Of The Stronger And Inter-State Peace, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

The speakers in Thucydides who give voice to the sophistic thesis that might is right do not generally think that what they are releasing upon the world is a war of all against all. On the contrary, they are quite hopeful, like the modern utilitarians they anticipate, that their realistic assessment of the motives of men can serve as the foundation of an inter-state order based not on justice but on clear and certain power relations. The most perceptive of these speakers is Diodotus, who addresses his theory of imperial management to the difficult problem of the rise and fall …

Pawns, Potentates, And Parasites: Thucydides On Faction And Civil War, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

Thucydides offers two sustained accounts of cities torn by domestic strife, Corcyra and Athens. His analysis suggests that faction arises either from weakness or from strength. Corcyra was a dependent city, and its civil war was a function of foreign intervention; Athens was an imperial city, and its faction resulted from its own exorbitant desires and from the wear and tear of maintaining dominion. Thucydides has no easy solution to propose, but his ambivalence toward empire and his rejection of democracy point in the direction of moderation abroad and mixed government at home.

Experience Of Stigmatization And Discrimination Of Former Psychiatric Inpatients, Amy Rappaport

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

In our culture as well as other cultures, there are social norms that are prescribed and expected to be followed. If an individual does not act in accordance with these social norms, there are often consequences. In Edgerton's (1971) article, "Anthropology, Psychiatry, and Man's Nature," he states, "Sometimes, of course, the sanctions against deviant behavior are supernatural, consisting of immediate and horrible punishment by gods, spirits, ancestors or the like" (p. 45). In present day culture in the United States, the researcher contends that there are both traditional and modern belief systems that serve to ostracize the stigmatized deviant.

Predicting Adolescent Cognitive And Self-Regulatory Competencies From Preschool Delay Of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions, Yuichi Shoda, Walter Mischel, Philip K. Peake

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Variations of the self-imposed delay-of-gratification situation in preschool were compared to determine when individual differences in this situation may predict aspects of cognitive and self-regulatory competence and coping in adolescence. Preschool children from a university community participated in experiments that varied features of the self-imposed delay situation. Experimental analyses of the cognitive-attentional processes that affect waiting in this situation helped identify conditions in which delay behavior would be most likely to reflect relevant cognitive and attentional competencies. As hypothesized, in those conditions, coherent patterns of statistically significant correlations were found between seconds of delay time in such conditions in preschool …

'Pleonexia': A Modern Pathology Of Self, George R. Ingham

Masters Theses

This study is an examination of the compulsion to shop or acquire commodities seen as a culturally and historically distinctive pathology of the modern self. The Greek term 'pleonexia' ('acquisitiveness') is borrowed as a covenient and more accurately descriptive term than the common 'shopaholic'. Pleonexia is seen as a complex, habitual, impulsive behavior which attempts to maintain order and continuity in the sense of self. Pleonexia represents a failure in self­cohesion, an attempt to counter feelings of emptiness created by the fragmentation and objectification of desire in our commodity culture. Such internal functions as regulation of feelings, self-esteem, as well …

Aristotle' S Three Cities And The Problem Of Faction, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

Aristotle describes the polis as a self-sufficient compound. Its regime, he says, is responsible for shaping the whole character of the city' s people. But rarely is the city unified in its parts, and the formative power of the regime is not always this extensive. There are in fact three kinds of cities depicted in the Politics. They differ by the degree of partnership tying city members together. Accordingly, the problem of faction and its cure differs for each: for some cities, where the regime is unitary, the cure is consent; for others, with mixed regimes, it is participation; but …

An Exploratory Study Of Men In The Anti-Abortion Movement: A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Laura E. Sabatini

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study was undertaken to examine the characteristics and possible motivations of male anti-abortion activists. Specifically, this study explored the following questions:

1. How is the intense dedication of these men to the anti-abortion movement related to their perceptions of current societal structures? Do they experience legalized abortion as a threat to their external world views?

2. How is their behavior related to them as individuals, with unique gender role ideology? Do they experience legalized abortion as a threat to their internal world views?

3. Is their behavior related to an internal character rigidity separate from apparent beliefs and values? …

Tying Requirements In Markets With Many Sellers: The Contact Lens Industry, Deborah Haas-Wilson

Economics: Faculty Publications

The asymmetric information characterizing markets for professional services has been used to justify tying requirements and other restrictions on the business practices of professionals. In this paper the prices and quality effects of state restrictions that prohibit the fitting of contact lenses by independent opticians and thereby tie the sale of contact lenses to the services of ophthalmologists and optometrists are estimated. The results suggest that prices are significantly higher in markets with tying requirements, controlling for differences in quality and variations in other state commercial practice restrictions. The tying requirements and the commercial practice restrictions, however, appear to have …

The Law Of Nature In Locke's Second Treatise: Is Locke A Hobbesian?, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

The question addressed by this essay is whether Thomas Hobbes is the true intellectual forebear of John Locke. A brief comparison of the teachings of these two authors with respect to natural justice and civil justice would seem to suggest that Locke is a determined adversary of Hobbes whose views on justice are reducible to the maxim that "might makes right." But a re-examination of Locke's Second Treatise shows that Locke adopts this principle with hardly less thoroughness than Hobbes. Even so, an important difference remains, for Locke takes steps to disguise the grim reality of power, whereas Hobbes makes …

Popular Sovereignty And Political Obligation In The Thought Of James Wilson, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

Popular sovereignty is the salient theme of James Wilson’s political thought. But Wilson is no less eager to prove that the sovereign people can oblige and bind themselves, or that liberty is consistent with law. He rests his case on a Thomistic view of natural law as reflected in Scottish Common-Sense philosophy; he also utilizes several of the “auxiliary precautions” of Federalism. However, he parts company with his Federalist brethren over the question of representation, and he anticipates a fair degree of republican virtue as a consequence of the act of voting. He further supposes that the people can be …

Aristotle's Four Conceptions Of Politics, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

There is an ambiguity in Aristotle's Politics concerning the character of a good regime. This ambiguity has its roots in conflicting conceptions of politics entertained simultaneously by Aristotle. Sometimes Aristotle treats politics as a service rendered by art, and sometimes still as an attempt at self-protection through the rule of law. But the primary conceptions of politics are as an instrument of education, on the one hand, and as a reward apportioned to the meritorious, on the other. The difficulty with these two primary conceptions is that the educational responsibilities of the polis require power-sharing among all groups whereas the …

The Effect Of Commercial Practice Restrictions: The Case Of Optometry, Deborah Haas-Wilson

Economics: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.