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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 109
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Chronic Stress Elevates Telomerase Activity In Rats, Annaliese K. Beery, Jue Lin, Joshua S. Biddle, Darlene D. Francis, Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Elissa S. Epel
Chronic Stress Elevates Telomerase Activity In Rats, Annaliese K. Beery, Jue Lin, Joshua S. Biddle, Darlene D. Francis, Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Elissa S. Epel
Neuroscience: Faculty Publications
The enzyme telomerase lengthens telomeres—protective structures containing repetitive DNA sequences at chromosome ends. Telomere shortening is associated with diseases of ageing in mammals. Chronic stress has been related to shorter immune-cell telomeres, but telomerase activity under stress may be low, permitting telomere loss, or high, partially attenuating it. We developed an experimental model to examine the impacts of extended unpredictable stress on telomerase activity in male rats. Telomerase activity was 54 per cent higher in stressed rats than in controls, and associated with stress-related physiological and behavioural outcomes. This significant increase suggests a potential mechanism for resilience to stress-related replicative …
The Role Of Emotion In Therapists' Training : A Psychological And Social Exploration, Loren D. Helms
The Role Of Emotion In Therapists' Training : A Psychological And Social Exploration, Loren D. Helms
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This theoretical study aims to explore emotionality and its particular relationship to students whom are training in psychotherapy. The study will examine emotion as it pertains to understandings of an individual's psychological structuring, the therapeutic process, and therapeutic growth. Emotion will be reviewed through psychodynamic theory and literature on therapeutic practice. In addition, the study will use a feminist lens to explore historical and social treatments of emotionality. Emotions and emotional expression will be considered as it becomes situated within social power heirarchies. Through these understandings and conceptualizations of emotionality, specific attention will be paid to the roles of psychotherapists. …
Navigating The Experience Of Identity Intersection : An Exploration Of The Lesbian Mother Identity In The United States, Sarah A. Horn
Navigating The Experience Of Identity Intersection : An Exploration Of The Lesbian Mother Identity In The United States, Sarah A. Horn
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of lesbian women who have become mothers. My specific research aim was to investigate the formation of the lesbian-mother identity in terms of the way the individual woman's identity as a lesbian is shaped by her new experience and identity as a mother. Within this framework, I looked at which identity felt most salient in everyday life and how the individual woman felt each identity had contributed to her sense of self. I also looked at the different factors that either reinforce or inhibit an individual's likelihood to feel comfortable …
An Exploratory Study Of White People's Evolving Consciousness And How Their Awareness Of White Privilege And Racism Changed Their Consciousness, Phillip C. Horner
An Exploratory Study Of White People's Evolving Consciousness And How Their Awareness Of White Privilege And Racism Changed Their Consciousness, Phillip C. Horner
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This study was undertaken to explore the many ways in which a White person's consciousness changes due to their awareness of White privilege and racism. The research was a qualitative study with a sample of 12 White people who self identified as able to recognize the benefits of their White privilege, accepted their own role in perpetuating racism, were knowledgeable about racial, ethnic, and cultural differences, and are able to talk about race. Through phone interviews, participants were asked to reflect on their lives and offer their narrative of how learning about and accepting their White privilege and racism have …
The War On Women And The War In The Self : A Foucaultian And Kleinian Analysis Of Anti-Choice Ideology, Shoshana A. Funk
The War On Women And The War In The Self : A Foucaultian And Kleinian Analysis Of Anti-Choice Ideology, Shoshana A. Funk
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This theoretical study explores the external power dynamics and internal psychic processes involved in both historical and contemporary anti-choice ideology, practice, and rhetoric. The three primary tactics of the anti-choice movement and current "war on women" involve 1) promoting the establishment of fetal personhood through measures—both rhetorical and political, 2) the co-opting of feminist and liberal rhetoric in establishing a woman-centered, as opposed to fetus-centered, anti-abortion strategy, and 3) the use of incremental policy measures and restrictions at the state and local level, including the creation of legal and practical barriers to the procedure for both women and abortion providers. …
Is Social Work The Work Of Love? : Love Practice And Queer Doing In The Process For Full Self-Determination, Sady K. Horn
Is Social Work The Work Of Love? : Love Practice And Queer Doing In The Process For Full Self-Determination, Sady K. Horn
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
The 1915 National Conference of Charities and Corrections, during which Abraham Flexner stated that social work was not a profession because it lacked a "communicable technique", is understood as a historically significant event in social work history. Part of the discourse regarding the legacy of this conference has spoken to social work's struggle with comprehending the nature of its purpose and definition as a profession. In this thesis I explore the phenomenon of social work, understood as a profession, and how its professionalization may contribute to its struggle in developing a comprehensive practice method that makes its stated values of …
Social Workers' Changing Perceptions Of Disability Through Working With Clients With Disabilities, Juliette F. Kennedy
Social Workers' Changing Perceptions Of Disability Through Working With Clients With Disabilities, Juliette F. Kennedy
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explores the changing perceptions (attitudes and language use) of clinical social workers toward clients with disabilities through a qualitative exploration of clinicians' experiences working with this population over time. Based upon in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine experienced clinical social workers currently in private practice, the findings suggest that clinicians' attitudes and language use toward persons with disabilities are influenced by many factors, including contact with individuals with disabilities, supervision, post-masters training and social work theory. While participants in this study were not versed in disability theory, they nonetheless were flexible in applying alternative approaches with their clients …
Having A Voice And Being Heard : A Scoping Review Of What Current Literature Tells Us Is Most Important To The Caregivers, Children And Social Workers Involved In Kinship Foster Care, Leah J. Hoffman, Leah J. Hoffman-Setka
Having A Voice And Being Heard : A Scoping Review Of What Current Literature Tells Us Is Most Important To The Caregivers, Children And Social Workers Involved In Kinship Foster Care, Leah J. Hoffman, Leah J. Hoffman-Setka
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This study was undertaken in order to determine what the existing literature tells us about how children, kinship caregivers and social workers perceive the quality of care provided to children placed in kinship foster homes, using a scoping review methodology. The studies that made up the sample had a range of research questions and purposes, but all discussed to some degree, the views of their study participants – children, kinship caregivers and/or social workers – regarding their understandings of what aspects of quality care were most important to child well-being in kinship foster homes. Findings indicate that social workers tend …
Interdisciplinary Collaboration In School Social Work : Building Relationships For Ecological Change, Alex J. Kim
Interdisciplinary Collaboration In School Social Work : Building Relationships For Ecological Change, Alex J. Kim
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
School social work is part of social work's historical commitment to seeing people as well as the systems and environments they exist in, but much of today's school social work practice focuses on the clinical treatment of individual emotional and social problems. With growing needs and fewer resources, school social work must find ways of impacting more students through ecologically-informed practice that affects multiple levels of the school environment. Interdisciplinary collaborative practice can be a powerful way to foster ecological change by involving other staff in the effort to craft a stronger school system. In this study, 11 social workers …
Coparenting Among Mexican-American And Non-Latino White Couples, Amy B. Kallenberg
Coparenting Among Mexican-American And Non-Latino White Couples, Amy B. Kallenberg
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
Grounded in structural family theory, the present study examined how positive coparenting relates to couple satisfaction and to positive parenting for predominantly lowincome Mexican American and non-Latino white heterosexual couples. The sample was selected as a subset from the Supporting Father Involvement study, based in California. Participants included 73 mono-racial/ethnic families (56.2% Mexican American and 43.8% non- Latino white), each including a youngest child under age 11. Couple Discussion Task ratings from observed coparenting interactions were tested for associations with: 1) self-reported couple satisfaction, and 2) Parent-Child Interaction scales derived from observed parent-child interactions. Results indicated that the connection/cohesiveness aspect …
Black Students' Classroom Silence In Predominantly White Institutions Of Higher Education, Mahajoy A. Laufer
Black Students' Classroom Silence In Predominantly White Institutions Of Higher Education, Mahajoy A. Laufer
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explored Black students' silence in classrooms at predominantly white institutions (PWIs) of higher education in the northeast United States. Fifteen student interviews revealed that teaching material centered on European-American culture and history influenced their silence. Participants perceived devaluing of people of color in course material and perceived that professors used and allowed racist language and opinions to pervade the classroom. Students negotiated the tension of having discordant views from the mainstream and at times, between other students of the same racial and cultural group. They often elected to speak out against perceived discrimination and remained silent in …
Comparing Individual And Couples/Family Therapy : Practitioners' Perspectives, Rebecca H. Lawrence
Comparing Individual And Couples/Family Therapy : Practitioners' Perspectives, Rebecca H. Lawrence
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study examines social workers' perspectives on the similarities and differences between individual and couples/family therapy. Particular attention is given to similarities and differences between individual and couples/family therapists' use of self, orientation towards conflict, and relationship factors. The investigation is based on semistructured interviews with 10 master's level social workers who specialize in either individual or couples/family therapy. A number of interesting trends emerged in the findings of this research. Therapists in both modalities perceived couples/family therapists' use of self to be more active and directive than individual therapists, and described more behavioral interventions when working with couples/families. …
"She's Such A Borderline" : Exploring The Stigma Of Borderline Personality Disorder Through The Eyes Of The Clinician, Jessica C. Fritz
"She's Such A Borderline" : Exploring The Stigma Of Borderline Personality Disorder Through The Eyes Of The Clinician, Jessica C. Fritz
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This study was undertaken to explore the attitudes and feelings that mental health clinicians have towards Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), which, as the literature shows, is a highly stigmatized diagnosis within the field. Special attention was paid to the participants' treatment experiences with this client population, including initial reactions, issues of countertransference, treatment approaches, prognosis, and clinician disclosure. The study was designed to explore the reasons or meanings behind the negative stereotypes that often accompany discussions around BPD. Previous research has not utilized a qualitative approach with therapists. Instead, the existing literature has focused on evidence-based treatments for BPD and …
Coming Out : Sexual Orientation Disclosure To Siblings, Rachel M. Gottesman
Coming Out : Sexual Orientation Disclosure To Siblings, Rachel M. Gottesman
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explores LGBTQ individuals' experiences navigating sexual orientation disclosure to their sibling(s). The purpose of the study was to examine the role siblings play in sexual orientation disclosure, how and why LGBTQ identified individuals 'come out' to their sibling(s), and provide a glimpse into their experiences of this disclosure. Eleven individuals, ages 25–32 who identified as Lesbian, Gay, Bi–sexual, Transgender or Queer were interviewed via open–ended, semi–structured interviews. LGBTQ participants were asked to speak about their sibling(s) relationship prior to and following their sexual orientation disclosure and the trajectory of their sexual orientation awareness through the process of …
Evolving Identities, Shaping Connection : The Effects Of Narrative-Sharing Spaces On Undocumented Latino Students, Christopher M. Heinrich
Evolving Identities, Shaping Connection : The Effects Of Narrative-Sharing Spaces On Undocumented Latino Students, Christopher M. Heinrich
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study was undertaken to explore the ways in which undocumented Latino students navigate and shift personal identity, notions of group solidarity and political consciousness upon "coming out" as undocumented and participating in narrative-sharing spaces that specifically ask them to reflect on their citizenship status in the company of other undocumented young people. The study aims to help guide the social work community in developing further support for undocumented youth. The study sample comprises nine undocumented Latino students from the San Francisco Bay Area, ages 20 – 24. Data was collected through in-depth, in-person interviews that focused on participants' …
Implicit Communication : The Body's Role In Clinical Work With Trauma Survivors, Julia A. Jakubowski
Implicit Communication : The Body's Role In Clinical Work With Trauma Survivors, Julia A. Jakubowski
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This exploratory-descriptive study examined therapists' use of their physiological responses in work with trauma survivors. Broadly, the study sought to understand how a therapist's physiological responses play a role in how they construct meaning about a client. The study sample consisted of eight Relationally oriented therapists who worked with trauma survivors. Data were collected through hour-long, semi-structured interviews with each participant at a single point in time, utilizing the Physiological Response to Trauma Questionnaire. Findings revealed that participants used their physiological countertransference to inform clinical functions, specifically: ability to attune, choice of interventions, assessment, and ability to maintain boundaries and …
Oef/Oif Veterans With And Without Ptsd : Levels Of Relationship Distress, Social Support, Combat Experience, And Deployment, Jeanne-Marie E. Mailloux
Oef/Oif Veterans With And Without Ptsd : Levels Of Relationship Distress, Social Support, Combat Experience, And Deployment, Jeanne-Marie E. Mailloux
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
As Veterans have returned home from the OEF/OIF wars they have faced many struggles with reintegration. Studies of Veterans returning home have found rates of PTSD as high as 18 % (Hoge et al., 2004; Hoge, Terhakopian, Castro, Messer, and Engel, 2007). The symptomatology of PTSD has historically complicated Veterans primary relationships as well other interpersonal relationships and this study seeks to look at the relationship between PTSD and interpersonal distress in a sample of Veterans returning from the OEF/OIF wars. The author conducted secondary analysis of data from a survey taken by a sample of Connecticut Veterans (n = …
A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Mexican Americans And Non-Latino White Americans : Does Culture Influence Family Cohesion And Father Involvement?, Claudia V. Ruiz Esparza Escobedo
A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Mexican Americans And Non-Latino White Americans : Does Culture Influence Family Cohesion And Father Involvement?, Claudia V. Ruiz Esparza Escobedo
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This quantitative research study is a preliminary assessment of family cohesion and father involvement in two cultural groups: Mexican American and non-Latino white American families with children between the ages of one to seven years old and of low to medium socioeconomic status. The line of inquiry is whether or not culture influences family cohesion and father involvement in this sample. The variables of family cohesion and father involvement were measured along with an examination of the effects of culture and acculturation on Mexican American families. The Family Circles instrument is a pictorial assessment tool used in this study to …
An Untapped Body Of Knowledge : The Use Of Body Language In Clinical Social Work, Alexandria D. Wright
An Untapped Body Of Knowledge : The Use Of Body Language In Clinical Social Work, Alexandria D. Wright
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This mixed-method study explores the role and relevance of nonverbal communication in the clinical encounter as perceived by clinical social workers. A survey of 54 clinical social workers currently practicing with an MSW was used to assess the perceived value, frequency, and presumed usefulness of attending to nonverbal communication between oneself and one's client. The survey also inquired into the depth and breadth of training participants had received in incorporating nonverbal communication into a therapeutic practice. Participants evaluated the quantity and quality of training they received in both MSW and other professional programs, and reflected upon the impact extracurricular, personal …
The Role Of Blogging Across Stages Of Change In Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa, Sarah A. Kupper
The Role Of Blogging Across Stages Of Change In Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa, Sarah A. Kupper
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This exploratory, mixed-methods study sought to understand how individuals at various stages of change in the recovery process from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) use blogging. The study also aimed to discover why these individuals begin blogging and the impact of this activity on the recovery process. A total of 13 participants were included in the sample for this study. An internet survey measured bloggers' stage of change using the Anorexia Nervosa Stage of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ). Additionally, the survey contained open-ended, qualitative questions eliciting bloggers' reasons for beginning to blog, as well as how they perceived the influence of blogging on …
"There's No Escaping The Body" : Clinicians' Views On The Relevance Of The Body And The Use Of Body-Based Interventions In Work With Mother-Child Dyads Exposed To Domestic Violence, Danielle E. Sachs
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive study was to examine if and how clinicians working with mother-child (0-5) dyads exposed to domestic violence perceived the body as being a part of treatment: Did they perceive the body as being a part of treatment; did they then make use of specific body-based interventions, and how were those interventions defined? Eleven clinicians participated in qualitative interviews to provide their perspectives on the relevance and integration of the body in dyadic clinical work focused on the attachment between mother child dyads exposed to domestic violence. Participants -- compromised of licensed and provisionally licensed …
Perspectives Of Foster Parents : What Influences Their Motivation To Become And Continue To Be Foster Parents?, Bridget D. Conway
Perspectives Of Foster Parents : What Influences Their Motivation To Become And Continue To Be Foster Parents?, Bridget D. Conway
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explores the experiences of current foster parents. The purposes of this study were to 1) identify motivation for fostering; 2) identify foster parents' supports; 3) learn of foster parent's motivation to continue fostering; 4) assess foster parents' needs; 5) create recommendations to further support and encourage our foster parents. Nine foster parents from eight different US states participated in one-hour phone interviews to provide the data for this research. The results of this research are consistent with previous research about factors contributing to the retention rates of foster parents. Findings demonstrate that successful fostering includes teamwork, communication, …
Talking Through The Body : A Comparative Study Of Cognitive-Behavioral And Attachment Based Treatments For Childhood Trauma, Eric A. Eichler
Talking Through The Body : A Comparative Study Of Cognitive-Behavioral And Attachment Based Treatments For Childhood Trauma, Eric A. Eichler
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
Childhood abuse and neglect have been shown to have a devastating impact on an individual's social, emotional, and physical development. This study was undertaken in order to determine the best treatment approach for survivors of childhood trauma. The author investigated the impact of traumatic stress on the brain, and reviewed the psychoanalytic, child development, and neurobiological literature on the importance of the attachment relationship for healthy development. Various perspectives on the diagnosis of childhood trauma were explored, including models that centralize childhood trauma as the cause of much of the spectrum of mental illness we see today. The author researched …
Nature's Ritalin : The Effects Of Green Spaces On Symptoms Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Roger A. Sideman
Nature's Ritalin : The Effects Of Green Spaces On Symptoms Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Roger A. Sideman
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explored the effects of exposure to natural green spaces on symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among diagnosed college students. Six students from three universities in the San Francisco Bay Area were interviewed regarding the impact of experiences in urban green spaces and wilderness on their perceived attentional functioning, stress, and mood. The study sought to: 1) contribute to the growing base of literature and research on Attention Restoration Theory (ART); 2) offer a potential non-pharmacological alternative treatment for ADHD; and 3) further develop within the field of social work an understanding of the natural environment as it …
Interpreting Trauma : Exploring The Experience Of Compassion Fatigue Among Professional Medical Interpreters : A Project Based On Responses From The Voluntary Participation Of Professional Medical Interpreters At Several Major Urban Health Care Facilities, Jennifer W. White
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
The nature and breath of the work of professional medical interpreters routinely exposes them to traumatized patients in both medical and psychiatry settings. The literature suggests that such exposure increases their risk for developing compassion fatigue. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if professional medical interpreters (PMI) are at risk for developing compassion fatigue (CF). Methods. An innovative designed was developed to explore possible risk and protective factors associated with the development of CF. Well-validated measures were employed to assess the presence or absence of compassion fatigue in a cohort of professional medical interpreters working in large …
Resiliency In Survivors Of Human Trafficking : An Exploratory Study Of Clinicians' Perspectives Of Protective Factors, Theresa A. Carter
Resiliency In Survivors Of Human Trafficking : An Exploratory Study Of Clinicians' Perspectives Of Protective Factors, Theresa A. Carter
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explores the salutogenic question as it relates to female survivors of human trafficking, "Why, when women are exposed to the same trauma which causes some to become ill, do some remain healthy?" Using a standardized open-ended interview format, this author gathered the perspectives of twelve health and social services providers, including executive directors, case management workers, mental health counselors, and advocates. This data was compiled and analyzed, alongside the existing literature on resiliency and within the framework of Salutogenic Theory. All participants identified protective factors that contribute to resiliency based on their professional work with female survivors …
Dwell In Possibility : An Exploration Of The Use Of Metaphor In Psychotherapy : A Project Based On Interviews With Fourteen Psychotherapists, Heather B. Clarke
Dwell In Possibility : An Exploration Of The Use Of Metaphor In Psychotherapy : A Project Based On Interviews With Fourteen Psychotherapists, Heather B. Clarke
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study explored the use of metaphor in psychotherapy. Fourteen interviews were conducted with psychotherapists with a variety of training and expertise. Each clinician was asked the same six interview questions which attempted to shed light on which metaphors in particular emerged during treatment with patients, whether or not these metaphors reflected the patient's history or diagnosis, the metaphor's relationship to patient affect, the metaphor's influence on the therapeutic alliance, as well as other topics. Primary themes that emerged in multiple interviews included the fact that metaphor may arise from various sources, including dreams as well as spontaneous cocreations …
How Does Homeless Outreach Work : The Perspective Of The Homeless Outreach Worker, Carlos E. Encalada
How Does Homeless Outreach Work : The Perspective Of The Homeless Outreach Worker, Carlos E. Encalada
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This exploratory/descriptive study examines the perspective of workers who provide outreach services to a population experiencing street homelessness, about the work they do. It utilizes a convenience sample derived from the diverse workforce of a five-agency collaborative in a large Northeastern U.S. city. The purpose of this study was to give voice to and contextualize the perspective of outreach workers on the nature of work with vulnerable populations. Largely missing from the literature on outreach work with the chronically homeless, the perspective of outreach workers is needed to inform an understanding of the complexities of this work and to support …
Homelessness As Trauma : A Theoretical Analysis Exploring Treatment Of Symptoms Of Grief And Loss In Single African-American Homeless Women, Jesse J. Dice
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
The purpose of this theoretical study was to explore and describe the trauma that single homeless African-American women are at risk for before and during homelessness. Grief and loss theory and attachment theory were used to bring attention to the need of addressing traumas during homelessness. Literature was reviewed relating to exploring the areas of cross-sectional identities of race, gender and socioeconomic status within this population, historical contexts of homelessness in the U.S., and homelessness as trauma, to analyze the language used to describe the barriers in receiving treatment as a single homeless African-American woman. Through exploring these topics and …
Hip-Hop As Healer : Black Males' Experience Of Hip-Hop Culture, Tawnee Sae-Saue
Hip-Hop As Healer : Black Males' Experience Of Hip-Hop Culture, Tawnee Sae-Saue
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
This qualitative study was developed to explore the experiences that Black men have of hip-hop and its potential healing function. Ten Black men were interviewed in the Los Angeles and Bay Area regarding their experiences as either practitioners or followers of hip-hop. Participants were asked to reflect on the role that hip-hop has played in their lives, hip-hop's effect on their racial identities and its impact on their emotions. All subjects described themselves as having a relationship with hip-hop that was, and continues to be, transformative. Participants described hip-hop as a chosen kinship and described the culture as having a …