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Brigham Young University

Faculty Publications

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Articles 1351 - 1377 of 1377

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Constitutionalism And The Rule Of Law, Noel B. Reynolds Jan 1986

Constitutionalism And The Rule Of Law, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Constitutionalism is the practical science of designing and balancing institutions of public power and authority so as to prevent monopolies of power or the emergence of tyranny. In spite of continuing attempts to ground constitutions in moralistic political theories, they are best understood as formalizations of citizenry agreements to manage their affairs under the rule of law following rules formulated by their legislatures and applied by their judges, all of which are to be selected through established procedures. The emergence of rule of law in primitive societies and in early modern European politics is noted, and the chief contributors to …

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Statistical Assumption-Making In Library Collection Assessment: Peccadilloes And Pitfalls, Richard Hacken Jun 1985

Statistical Assumption-Making In Library Collection Assessment: Peccadilloes And Pitfalls, Richard Hacken

Faculty Publications

Assessing library collections in the Semiconductor Age necessarily involves a heavy use of quantitative data. The assumptions made during the process of gathering, manipulating, and reporting library statistics may or may not be valid ones. Objective and vigilant scrutiny, therefore, can make the difference between an assessment that adds to a greater knowledge of the collection and one that only adds greater bulk to The File. Among the areas affected by statistical assumptions are (in lay terms): the sample, the survey, the percentage, the average, the degree of accuracy.

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Interpreting Plato's Euthyphro And Meno, Noel B. Reynolds Jan 1985

Interpreting Plato's Euthyphro And Meno, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Plato's decision to use heuristic drama (in the tradition of Aeschylus and Sophocles) as a vehicle for his philosophical teachings forces the serious reader to make a careful examination of the literary elements of the dialogues. Plato's basic reason for using this literary form is to provide guidance for the interpretation of the content. As Kitto has observed, "In a great work of art, whether a play, a picture, or a piece of music, the connexion between the form and the content is so vital that the two may be said to be ultimately identical." It is therefore counterproductive to …

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Water Pricing And Rent Seeking In California Agricultre, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1985

Water Pricing And Rent Seeking In California Agricultre, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Without irrigation water, agriculture in California would be little more than limited livestock grazing and some dryland farming of cereal crops. With irrigation water, California produces over 200 crops and is the leading agricultural state with nearly $4 billion in sales in 1980. The state's gross cash receipts from farm sales have consistently approached 10 percent of the U.S. total every year since 1960.

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The Property Rights Paradigm And The Protection Of Oak In California, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1985

The Property Rights Paradigm And The Protection Of Oak In California, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Once again our country is caught on the horns of a serious dilemma. Natural resources, such as land and water, are becoming increasingly scarce and therefore valuable. Concomitantly, and perhaps more importantly, these resources are recognized as having attributes or characteristics in the form of amenities that are coveted by non owners of these resources. A cheap and effective way of acquiring these amenities is to assert that the legal owners of the resources do not have the right to exclude those who want the amenities from consuming them. Or, almost equivalently, the resources must be used in certain ways …

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The Doctrine Of The Rule Of Law In The Twentieth Century, Noel B. Reynolds Jan 1985

The Doctrine Of The Rule Of Law In The Twentieth Century, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

The concept of rule of law has been recognized repeatedly in twentieth century political and philosophical discussion, but with a constantly shifting meaning. In this paper we document most of the serious contributions to thought about rule of law before 1985 as a background to further work on the topic.

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George Orwell: Socialist Or Liberal?. Big Brother And The Abuse Of Power., Noel B. Reynolds Jun 1984

George Orwell: Socialist Or Liberal?. Big Brother And The Abuse Of Power., Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

For although he was too strongly independent in his thinking to accept the Marxist or socialist dogmas of his associates, because they did not seem to square with experience, and though he admired the tough resistance of English character and legal institutions to tyranny, Orwell never did tumble to the understanding of man and government which had shaped each over the centuries. Failing to see the constants in human nature as the key to the political problem, he looked around the world both as he perceived it and his literary fellows portrayed it, and concluded that power lust was the …

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Political Vs. Economic Incentives, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1984

Political Vs. Economic Incentives, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

H this paper is the best challenge that can be brought against the New Resource Economics (NRE) and its advocacy for privatization of the public lands, we are likely to see both around for a long time. If there is fallacy in the idea of privatization, it is not illuminated in the arguments of this article. The paper misrepresents what the NRE is, shows little comprehension of the basic concepts on which it rests, and completely reverses the basic nature of the privatization solution. I hope to demonstrate as much in this critique.

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Two Agricultural Economists Look At Rural Sociology, B. Delworth Gardner, Carole Frank Nuckton Jan 1984

Two Agricultural Economists Look At Rural Sociology, B. Delworth Gardner, Carole Frank Nuckton

Faculty Publications

At the invitation of the editor, we shall attempt to describe our perceptions as agricultural economists of what is known to us as rural sociology. We should say right off that we are complimented that this invitation has been extended to us. We think that a comparison of our two disciplines has been useful to us, if only to clarify our thinking about our own. We emphasize that our perceptions are based on limited contact, and we have made no systematic study of your discipline. Even to attempt the critique and analysis of the kind requested of us presumes an …

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Current Trends In The Planning And Development Of Northern European Collections, Richard Hacken Sep 1983

Current Trends In The Planning And Development Of Northern European Collections, Richard Hacken

Faculty Publications

Current planning and development of collections in the social sciences and humanities for German-speaking Europe, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia reflect the changing needs of research, strict budgetary limits, the prevailing publishing market in those countries, and certain innovations in library automation. Librarians responsible for supporting an area study of Northern Europe may shape the trends to their advantage by careful policy planning, by informed financial choices, by the use of data bases and resource sharing, by privately-nurtured channels of acquisition and support and by a continuing self-education program that might include participation in the activities of the CES and WESS.

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A Welfare Analysis Of Production And Consumption Of Broadbeans In Egypt, B. Gardner Delworth, Adel N. Moustafa, Dyaa Abdou Jan 1983

A Welfare Analysis Of Production And Consumption Of Broadbeans In Egypt, B. Gardner Delworth, Adel N. Moustafa, Dyaa Abdou

Faculty Publications

The broadbean is one of the most important food items in Egypt and is both heavily subsidized and rationed, although the per family entitlement depends on quantities available. It is the basic staple for breakfast for most Egyptians in both rural and urban areas. The governmental policies that determine the production, marketing, and distribution of broadbeans affect consumers and producers. The government budget is also affected by the subsidy and trade policies. Thus, virtually every Egyptian is touched by policies affecting this crop and consumption commodity.

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The Water Outlook And Economic Development In The West, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1983

The Water Outlook And Economic Development In The West, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

The development of water is practically synonymous with the development of the Western United States, and much of the region's wealth is tied up in the rights to utilize water. It is this relationship between water development and allocation and the creation and distribution of existing wealth that makes water policy so controversial and is the principal focus of this paper.

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The Distribution Of Economic Rents When Irrigated Farmland Is Leased, Ray G. Huffaker, B. Gardner Delworth Jan 1983

The Distribution Of Economic Rents When Irrigated Farmland Is Leased, Ray G. Huffaker, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Irrigation water supplied by federal reclamation projects has often been priced below its supply cost (Bureau of Reclamation, 1980, p. F-4). Pricing water below cost has been deliberate policy to stimulate irrigation development in the west. One effect of this underpricing is to add to the economic rents captured by federal water users.

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The Challenge Of Socialist Thought, Noel B. Reynolds Sep 1982

The Challenge Of Socialist Thought, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

This presentation points to socialists’ mistaken assumptions of a malleable and perfectible human nature as an insuperable reason for the inevitable failure of socialist systems. It also points to socialist and liberal dependence on declarations of human rights as ineffective protections for human freedom—protections which can only be maintained in constitutionalist systems with deeper structural safeguards against tyranny.

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Food Consumption An Distribution: An Overview, Dyaa Abdou, B. Gardner Delworth Aug 1982

Food Consumption An Distribution: An Overview, Dyaa Abdou, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Nearly everyone concedes that Egypt is faced with a serious food problem. The Egyptian agricultural sector is unable to feed the increasing and more affluent population. In 1980, agricultural output was estimated to be increasing by about 2.0 percent annually, whereas the country's annual population growth rate was estimated at about 2.3 percent. If the difference in these growth rates continues, Egypt must increase imports each year just to maintain per capita consumption at the present level [3].

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Economic Implications Of The Policy For Pricing And Allocating Rice In Egypt, Sonia Mohamed Ali, B. Gardner Delworth Jul 1982

Economic Implications Of The Policy For Pricing And Allocating Rice In Egypt, Sonia Mohamed Ali, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Rice is both heavily subsidized and rationed in Egypt. This policy has significant distributive effects and especially benefits low income consumers in both urban and rural areas of the country. In addition, the policy has important allocative effects in shifting scarce resources to inefficient uses. This paper attempts to measure the economic inefficiency associated with this policy in order that the policy makers may judge better whether or not the distributive benefits are worth the efficiency costs.

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The Role Of Economic Analysis In Public Range Management, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1982

The Role Of Economic Analysis In Public Range Management, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Economic analysis has a vital, if not indispensable, role to play in the management decisions of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM} if the national welfare is to be served effectively. This rather sweeping conclusion is justified by the nature of the management problems faced by the BLM and by the unique view of the world provided by the field of economics.

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Water Use In Agriculture Now And For The Future, B. Gardner Delworth Jan 1980

Water Use In Agriculture Now And For The Future, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Water is the primary limiting factor in agriculture in the United States and the world. The western states have gained importance in agricultural production only through extensive use of irrigation from surface and groundwater sources. With the increase in population, these water supplies are facing new pressures for reallocation. Accurate scientific information concerning water availability, behavior, management, and value is essential in optimizing water allocation on farms, in agriculture, and among agriculture and the various other uses. This report is an overview of the physical, institutional, economic, and sociological aspects of the water issue from the standpoint of agriculture. It …

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Economic Issues Of Groundwater Management, B. Gardner Delworth Sep 1979

Economic Issues Of Groundwater Management, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

This is a coaceptual rather than an empirical paper with the primary focus on raising a set of economic issues faced by any authority charged with managing a groundwater aquifer. I will utilize the technique of making simplifying, albeit unrealistic, assumptions in order to establish easily and clearly the relevant economic principles. Some of the assumptions will be relaxed later to achieve greater realism. It is assumed that the hydrologic dimensions of the groundwater system are known and that the management authority has the power to enforce whatever rules it deems appropriate. There are a host of problems associated with …

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Issues Affecting The Availability And Price Of Land For Agriculture, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1978

Issues Affecting The Availability And Price Of Land For Agriculture, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

This paper first reviews some data relating to agricultural land use nationally and then discusses the huge increases in land prices that have occurred in recent years and some of the implications for agriculture. The final section evaluates the need for public policy to preserve prime lands for agricultural use.

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Some Issues In Teaching Agricultural Economics To Foreign Graduate Students, B. Gardner Delworth Jul 1977

Some Issues In Teaching Agricultural Economics To Foreign Graduate Students, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Several words in the title help set the scope of the paper. My concern is with the training of students from foreign countries, generally those best characterized as less developed countries (LCD's). These students come to the United States to be trained as professional economists and I assume will spend a career researching problems related to agriculture.

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Fifty‐Four Voices From Two: The Effects Of Simultaneous Manipulations Of Rate, Mean Fundamental Frequency, And Variance Of Fundamental Frequency On Ratings Of Personality From Speech, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher Jan 1973

Fifty‐Four Voices From Two: The Effects Of Simultaneous Manipulations Of Rate, Mean Fundamental Frequency, And Variance Of Fundamental Frequency On Ratings Of Personality From Speech, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher

Faculty Publications

Utterances of two adults males were analyzed and synthesized by a fast Fourier Transforms method. Each of the two voices was synthesized in each of the twenty‐seven combinations of three levels each of rate, mean FØ, and variance of FØ (a total of fifty‐four “voices” generated from two). The effects of the rate, mean FØ, and variance of FØ manipulations, the interactive effects of rate and variance of FØ, and the effects due to speaker were all statistically significant predictors of personality ratings given the voices. They accounted for 86%, 4%, 3%, 2%, and I% of the …

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Perceptions Of Personality From Speech: Effects Of Manipulations Of Acoustical Parameters, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher Jan 1973

Perceptions Of Personality From Speech: Effects Of Manipulations Of Acoustical Parameters, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher

Faculty Publications

A speech analysis-synthesis system was used to manipulate variance of fundamental frequency and a mechanical rate changer was used to manipulate speech rate. The synthesized and altered voices were tested for realism. Synthesized voices were mistaken for normal 50% to 58% of the time and rate-changed voices were mistaken for normal 78% of the time. Additional studies were conducted to test the effects of these acoustical manipulations on the adjective ratings judges made of speakers. Variance of intonation was increased and decreased by 50% for eight speakers. There was a significantrend for increased intonation to cause voices to be rated …

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Benchmarks For Various Industry Classes In Counties, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1970

Benchmarks For Various Industry Classes In Counties, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

In a recent study, the impact of federal employment on the distribution of economics activity and population among counties and multi-county planning regions in Utah was investigated.A by-product of this study are some data which reveal basic characteristics of the industrial structure of counties and multi-county planning regions in Utah.

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A Theoretical Framework For Analyzing Residence Shifts Of Farm Families, B. Delworth Gardner Jan 1970

A Theoretical Framework For Analyzing Residence Shifts Of Farm Families, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

The ever-changing composition of the American rural population is an established fact and has been the subject of much research. Urban families are moving o the ''country" to escape the noise and congestion of the city, While the migration of people from the farm to urban centers continues . The net result is a decrease in rural population relative to that classified as urban, although in absolute terms the rural population is increasing also. In 1969 less than 30 per cent of all American were classed as rural residents compared to 60 percent in 1900 and 95 percent in 1790.

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Population Changes And Rural-Urban Problems, Therel R. Black, B. Delworth Gardner Dec 1964

Population Changes And Rural-Urban Problems, Therel R. Black, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

A boy patiently for them to have babies and on March 1 the doe presented him with twin - he then had 4 rabbits; on March 10 he had 8 ; on March 15, 16; on March 17, 32; before noon on March 19 he had 64. He was almost afraid to look in the pen on the morning of March 20.

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A Proposal To Reduce Misallocation Of Livestock Grazing Permits, B. Gardner Delworth Feb 1963

A Proposal To Reduce Misallocation Of Livestock Grazing Permits, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

The federal government owns about 400 million acres of land in the eleven western states. Almost 350 million acres are administered by the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management. In times past most of this land has been used for grazing by domestic livestock. Only approximately 60 million acres of forest range are presently grazed by livestock, while about 160 million acres of "district" land, administered by the BLM, are grazed.

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