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Brigham Young University

Faculty Publications

2007

Articles 1 - 30 of 44

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Outcomes Of Religious And Spiritual Adaptations To Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Jeremy Bartz, P. Scott Richards Nov 2007

Outcomes Of Religious And Spiritual Adaptations To Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Jeremy Bartz, P. Scott Richards

Faculty Publications

The use of spiritually oriented psychotherapies has increased dramatically during the past decade. This article reports a meta-analysis of 31 outcome studies of spiritual therapies conducted from 1984 to 2005 with clients suffering from a variety of psychological problems. Across the 31 studies, the random-effects weighted average effect size was 0.56. This finding provides some empirical evidence that spiritually oriented psychotherapy approaches may be beneficial to individuals with certain psychological problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, eating disorders). Recommendations for future research in this domain are offered.

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Electronic Resource Management Systems: Learning From Experience, Jared L. Howland Nov 2007

Electronic Resource Management Systems: Learning From Experience, Jared L. Howland

Faculty Publications

PDF of Powerpoint Presentation. This presentation was given at the XXVII Annual Charleston Conference in Charleston, South Carolina. It discusses Electronic Resource Management Systems selection and implementation.

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Undergraduate Use Of Federated Searching: A Survey Of Preferences And Perceptions Of Value-Added Functionality, C. Jeffrey Belliston, Jared L. Howland, Brian C. Roberts Nov 2007

Undergraduate Use Of Federated Searching: A Survey Of Preferences And Perceptions Of Value-Added Functionality, C. Jeffrey Belliston, Jared L. Howland, Brian C. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Randomly selected undergraduates at Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University-Idaho and Brigham Young University-Hawaii, all private universities sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, participated in a study that investigated four questions regarding federated searching: (1) Does it save time? (2) Do undergraduates prefer it? (3) Are undergraduates satisfied with the results they get from it? (4) Does it yield higher quality results than non-federated searching? Federated searching was, on average, 11% faster than non-federated searching. Undergraduates rated their satisfaction with the citations gathered by federated searching 17% higher than their satisfaction using non-federated search methods. A …

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The Impact Of Maternal Relationship Quality On Emerging Adults’ Prosocial Tendencies: Indirect Effects Via Regulation Of Prosocial Values, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Stephanie D. Madsen, Larry J. Nelson Oct 2007

The Impact Of Maternal Relationship Quality On Emerging Adults’ Prosocial Tendencies: Indirect Effects Via Regulation Of Prosocial Values, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Stephanie D. Madsen, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

Studies document that parents serve as children’s primary socialization agents, particularly for moral development and prosocial behavior; however, less is known regarding parental influences on prosocial outcomes during the transition to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how mother–child relationship quality was related to prosocial tendencies via emerging adults’ regulation of prosocial values. Participants included 228 undergraduate students (ranging from 18 to 25 years; 90% European American) and their mothers (ranging from 38 to 59 years) from four locations across the United States. Path analyses using structural equation modeling revealed that mother–child relationship quality was related to …

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Looking On The Bright Side: The Role Of Identity Status And Gender On Positive Orientations During Emerging Adulthood, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen, Larry J. Nelson Oct 2007

Looking On The Bright Side: The Role Of Identity Status And Gender On Positive Orientations During Emerging Adulthood, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

Emerging adulthood has been characterized as an age of possibilities that involves heightened identity exploration and risk-taking. Although some scholars have investigated the relation between identity status and risk behaviors in emerging adulthood, less attention has been paid to the relation between identity status and prosocial orientations. Thus, the current study examined how emerging adults’ engagement in positive behaviors (i.e., prosocial tendencies, internalization of values, religiosity) varied as a function of identity status and gender. Results indicated that emerging adults who were in identity diffusion reported fewer prosocial tendencies, lower scores on internalization of values and lower religiosity, but emerging …

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The Association Of Racial Attitudes And Spiritual Beliefs In Post-Apartheid South Africa, Timothy B. Smith, Christopher R. Stones, Christopher E. Peck, Anthony V. Naidoo Oct 2007

The Association Of Racial Attitudes And Spiritual Beliefs In Post-Apartheid South Africa, Timothy B. Smith, Christopher R. Stones, Christopher E. Peck, Anthony V. Naidoo

Faculty Publications

Previous research has investigated the complex association between religious beliefs and racism. Many studies have found that fundamentalist religious beliefs are positively associated with racial prejudice among European and European American populations. However, few studies have examined whether this association is found in other cultures or whether the association also characterizes spiritual beliefs. Data from 493 South African university students from three racial backgrounds revealed significant differences among the groups. A positive association between fundamentalism and racial prejudice was found among participants, but general spiritual beliefs were negatively associated with racist attitudes. The results emphasize the need to address contextual …

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Spiritual Interventions In Psychotherapy: Evaluations By Highly Religious Clients, Jennifer S. Martinez, Timothy B. Smith, Sally H. Barlow Oct 2007

Spiritual Interventions In Psychotherapy: Evaluations By Highly Religious Clients, Jennifer S. Martinez, Timothy B. Smith, Sally H. Barlow

Faculty Publications

Spiritual and religious interventions in psychotherapy have increasingly received research attention, particularly with highly religious clients. This study examined client opinions about and experiences with religious interventions in psychotherapy. A sample of 152 clients at a counseling center of a university sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) completed a survey with ratings of specific religious interventions with regards to appropriateness, helpfulness, and prevalence. Out-of-session religious interventions were considered more appropriate by clients than in-session religious interventions, but in-session interventions were rated as more helpful. Specific interventions considered both appropriate and helpful by the LDS participants …

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On The Use Of Size Premiums, Arithmetic Or Geometric Average Returns, And Liquidity Premiums In Determining Discount Rates, Hal B. Heaton Sep 2007

On The Use Of Size Premiums, Arithmetic Or Geometric Average Returns, And Liquidity Premiums In Determining Discount Rates, Hal B. Heaton

Faculty Publications

In recent court cases, a number of technical issues have arisen in determining appropriate discount rates for use in the discounted cash flow approach to valuation. This article examines three issues, reviews the literature about the issues, and summarizes the key considerations.

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Provincial Development In China: Lessons From Eu Regional Policy Experience, Phillip J. Bryson, Keren Sun Sep 2007

Provincial Development In China: Lessons From Eu Regional Policy Experience, Phillip J. Bryson, Keren Sun

Faculty Publications

Regional development in the Chinese provinces and in the regions of the EU countries are evaluated and compared. Development efforts in southern Italy, northeast England and eastern Germany are reviewed along with EU, Community-wide regional development programs. Equity concerns suggest promotion of regional policy, but the pursuit of maximum national economic growth would avoid it, since it sacrifices some economic growth. The impact of FDI and domestic investments on individual Chinese provinces is compared with their impact in Europe. There is an implicit contrast between public sector regional development programs and more effective private foreign direct investments.

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Associations Between Shyness And Internalizing Behaviors, Externalizing Behaviors, And Relationships During Emerging Adulthood, Larry J. Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sarah Badger, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen Aug 2007

Associations Between Shyness And Internalizing Behaviors, Externalizing Behaviors, And Relationships During Emerging Adulthood, Larry J. Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sarah Badger, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen

Faculty Publications

Many studies have documented the ways in which shyness can be a barrier to personal well-being and social adjustment throughout childhood and adolescence; however, less is known regarding shyness in emerging adulthood. Shyness as experienced during emerging adulthood may continue to be a risk factor for successful development. The purpose of this study was to compare shy emerging adults with their non-shy peers in (a) internalizing behaviors, (b) externalizing behaviors, and (c) close relationships. Participants included 813 undergraduate students (500 women, 313 men) from a number of locations across the United States. Results showed that relatively shy emerging adults, both …

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Henry George: The Theory Of Distribution In Progress And Poverty, Phillip J. Bryson Jul 2007

Henry George: The Theory Of Distribution In Progress And Poverty, Phillip J. Bryson

Faculty Publications

The core of Henry George's economic theory appeared in his most widely-read book, Progress and Poverty. On the basis of his dramatic "single tax" theory, his work became widely known and gained some avid followers who endeavored to base policy on it. But the work was also of value in George's day and interest in our day because of its economic content. George was not a part of the academic economics establishment of his day and his theory was of strictly classical methodology, but it still had much to commend it. A simple model to present his concepts in more …

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The Decline Of The American Superpower, Earl H. Fry Jul 2007

The Decline Of The American Superpower, Earl H. Fry

Faculty Publications

By 2040, the United States will no longer be considered as a global superpower and the world may be headed toward a long era devoid of any superpowers. This will occur as a result of several negative trends within the United States itself, combined with changing dynamics and exigencies in the global system and the rise of more powerful competitors in Asia and Europe. The negative trends within the United States include unprecedented governmental and international debt, dysfunctional campaign-finance and lobbying systems, unmanageable entitlement and health-care obligations, a deteriorating public education network, an inordinate concentration of wealth and power in …

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Putting Emotional Reactivity In Its Place? Exploring Family-Of-Origin Influences On Emotional Reactivity, Conflict, And Satisfaction In Premarital Couples, Brandt C. Gardner, Dean M. Busby, Andrew S. Brimhall Jun 2007

Putting Emotional Reactivity In Its Place? Exploring Family-Of-Origin Influences On Emotional Reactivity, Conflict, And Satisfaction In Premarital Couples, Brandt C. Gardner, Dean M. Busby, Andrew S. Brimhall

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model that tested the effects of emotional reactivity on the relational health of a representative sample of 736 premarital couples. We hypothesized that partners’ perceived family-of-origin experience would be predictive of partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ emotional reactivity. These reports were hypothesized to predict partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ ability to manage conflict, which were hypothesized to predict relationship satisfaction. Overall, the model fit the data quite well, with particularly interesting differences by gender. We discuss the model’s fit within the larger body …

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Membership In A Particular Social Group: International Journalists And U.S. Asylum Law, Edward L. Carter, Brad Clark Jun 2007

Membership In A Particular Social Group: International Journalists And U.S. Asylum Law, Edward L. Carter, Brad Clark

Faculty Publications

At least thirty non-U.S. journalists in the last decade have argued in U.S. Courts of Appeal that U.S. immigration authorities erroneously denied their asylum applications based on persecution in their native countries. ... Still, journalists persecuted in their home countries for their journalism work might better fit the statutory qualifications for asylum --primarily persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a "particular social group"--than the U.S. immigration system sometimes acknowledges. ... Finally, and most importantly, the asylum seeker bears the burden to establish that he or she is unable or unwilling to return to his …

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Do You Have The Time? Changes In And Implications Of Spouses' Time Together, Jeffrey P. Dew May 2007

Do You Have The Time? Changes In And Implications Of Spouses' Time Together, Jeffrey P. Dew

Faculty Publications

Many Americans say they do not spend enough time with their families. Social changes such as increased productivity expectations in the workplace and the movement of mothers into the paid labor force have added to the feeling that family time is scarce. Time is perceived to be an extremely rare commodity in the U.S., and families desire to spend more of it together.

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Licensing Electronic Resources: Easing The Pain, Jared L. Howland May 2007

Licensing Electronic Resources: Easing The Pain, Jared L. Howland

Faculty Publications

PDF of Powerpoint Presentation. This presentation was given at the Utah Library Association's Annual Conference in Provo, Utah.

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Federated Searching: Do Undergraduates Prefer It And Does It Add Value?, C. Jeffrey Belliston, Jared L. Howland, Brian C. Roberts Apr 2007

Federated Searching: Do Undergraduates Prefer It And Does It Add Value?, C. Jeffrey Belliston, Jared L. Howland, Brian C. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Randomly selected undergraduates at Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Idaho and Brigham Young University Hawaii, all private universities sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, participated in a study of federated searching. This paper reports the study results including differences in time spent between searching databases in federated and non-federated fashion, satisfaction with citations gathered using each method, preference between methods, and quality of citations retrieved by each method judged by two different rubrics. Undergraduates rated their satisfaction with the citations gathered by federated searching 6.5% higher than their satisfaction using non-federated search methods. Additionally, 70% …

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Federated Searching: Do Undergraduates Prefer It And Does It Add Value?, C. Jeffrey Belliston, Jared L. Howland Mar 2007

Federated Searching: Do Undergraduates Prefer It And Does It Add Value?, C. Jeffrey Belliston, Jared L. Howland

Faculty Publications

PDF of Powerpoint Presentation on federated searching. This presentation was given at the National ACRL Virtual Conference in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Following Critical Illness In Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients: Assessing The Magnitude Of The Problem, Ramona O. Hopkins, James C. Jacson, Robert P. Hart, Sharon M. Gordon, Timothy D. Girard, E. Wesley Ely Feb 2007

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Following Critical Illness In Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients: Assessing The Magnitude Of The Problem, Ramona O. Hopkins, James C. Jacson, Robert P. Hart, Sharon M. Gordon, Timothy D. Girard, E. Wesley Ely

Faculty Publications

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially serious psychiatric disorder that has traditionally been associated with traumatic stressors such as participation in combat, violent assault, and survival of natural disasters. Recently, investigators have reported that the experience of critical illness can also lead to PTSD, although details of the association between critical illness and PTSD remain unclear. Methods We conducted keyword searches of MEDLINE and Psych Info and investigations of secondary references for all articles pertaining to PTSD in medical intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Results: From 78 screened papers, 16 studies (representing 15 cohorts) and approximately 920 medical ICU …

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Two Sides Of The Same Coin? The Differing Roles Of Assets And Consumer Debt In Marriage, Jeffrey P. Dew Feb 2007

Two Sides Of The Same Coin? The Differing Roles Of Assets And Consumer Debt In Marriage, Jeffrey P. Dew

Faculty Publications

This study examines whether assets and consumer debts relate to change in marital satisfaction and conflict in opposing ways or in independent ways. It also tests whether these relationships are direct or mediated. Using a nationally representative longitudinal sample, the results indicate that assets and consumer debt influence change in marital outcomes in mostly independent rather than complementary ways. Consistent with prior literature, assets work indirectly by decreasing feelings of economic pressure. Consumer debt, however, directly predicts changes in marital conflict, even after controlling for variables in the family stress model. Debts also act indirectly by decreasing depression once economic …

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From Alps To Alpnet (And Beyond), Deryle W. Lonsdale Jan 2007

From Alps To Alpnet (And Beyond), Deryle W. Lonsdale

Faculty Publications

Nestled in the Wasatch range of the Rocky Mountains in northern Utah lies scenic Utah Valley. Home to Brigham Young University (BYU) and a host of foreign-speaking residents, the setting also served as a hotbed throughout the 1980's for the machine translation (MT) industry. To fully appreciate this narrative the chronologically prior story of BYU's Translation Sciences Institute (TSI)—which has not yet been written— would need to be consulted. When the Church1 withdrew funding for the project, the TSI team disbanded. Some former participants remained at BYU, others left the university to work for industrial corporations, and the majority remained …

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Utilizing Focus Groups To Evaluate An Information Literacy Program In A General Biology Course, Betsy S. Hopkins Jan 2007

Utilizing Focus Groups To Evaluate An Information Literacy Program In A General Biology Course, Betsy S. Hopkins

Faculty Publications

The Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University (BYU) recently implemented a number of information literacy strategies to help students in Biology 100, a large general education class, find resources for their term assignment. The library's services for Biology 100 students were evaluated using focus groups composed of both teaching assistants and students. This paper will describe the class and the assignment, discuss the impact the class had on library staff, detail the efforts of the staff to meet the needs of Biology 100 students, and present results of focus groups used to evaluate the library's outreach and teaching …

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Turning Away, Jacob D. Rawlins Jan 2007

Turning Away, Jacob D. Rawlins

Faculty Publications

From the time of Joseph Smith’s first vision, the concepts of general apostasy and divine restoration have been central to the Latter-day Saint movement. In the Prophet’s account of his vision, he records that after he asked which church he should join, “I was answered that I must join none of them, for they were all wrong; and the Personage who addressed me said that all their creeds were an abomination in his sight; that those professors were all corrupt; that: ‘they draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me, they teach for doctrines …

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Mano And Metate Manufacturing Techniques Of The Maya: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach To Understanding Standardization And Measurements, Michael T. Searcy Jan 2007

Mano And Metate Manufacturing Techniques Of The Maya: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach To Understanding Standardization And Measurements, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Prehistorically, maize was the bulk of the Mayan diet, which made grinding stones an indispensable tool. Basalt quarries located in Highland Guatemala are still exploited by metateros who produce manos and metates today. This paper reports the recent research among metateros of two quarries in Guatemala and how they can be use to build new analogies that aid in the interpretation of prehistoric production economies of metates. It specifically investigates how systems of measurement are linked to standardization.

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"If You Want Me To Treat You Like An Adult, Start Acting Like One!" Comparing The Criteria That Emerging Adults And Their Parents Have For Adulthood, Larry J. Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Sarah Badger Jan 2007

"If You Want Me To Treat You Like An Adult, Start Acting Like One!" Comparing The Criteria That Emerging Adults And Their Parents Have For Adulthood, Larry J. Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Sarah Badger

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was (a) to identify the criteria parents of emerging adults consider necessary and important for their children to achieve adulthood, (b) to compare parents' criteria for adulthood with the criteria espoused by emerging adults, and (c) to examine how these criteria might differ on the basis of gender and the parent and gender of the child. Participants included 392 unmarried college students, ages 18–25, and at least 1 of their parents (271 fathers, 391 mothers). Results revealed that (a) as did their children, most parents did not yet view their children as adults, (b) there …

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Generating Ontologies Via Language Components And Ontology Reuse, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Yihong Ding, David W. Embley, Martin Hepp, Li Xu Jan 2007

Generating Ontologies Via Language Components And Ontology Reuse, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Yihong Ding, David W. Embley, Martin Hepp, Li Xu

Faculty Publications

Realizing the Semantic Web involves creating ontologies, a tedious and costly challenge. Reuse can reduce the cost of ontology engineering. Semantic Web ontologies can provide useful input for ontology reuse. However, the automated reuse of such ontologies remains underexplored. This paper presents a generic architecture for automated ontology reuse. With our implementation of this architecture, we show the practicality of automating ontology generation through ontology reuse. We experimented with a large generic ontology as a basis for automatically generating domain ontologies that fit the scope of sample natural-language web pages. The results were encouraging, resulting in five lessons pertinent to …

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Market Research Databases: Comparison Of Mintel Reports Academic, Market Line Business Information Center, And Global Market Information Database, Leticia Camacho Jan 2007

Market Research Databases: Comparison Of Mintel Reports Academic, Market Line Business Information Center, And Global Market Information Database, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Business students come to the library looking for quantitative and qualitative marketing research. They request sources containing information about a market, customers, potential competitors, and trends in a specific industry in order to work on a business plan, an entrepreneur-ship project, or a research paper. This review compares three databases that are useful for finding market research information. Global Market Information Database (GMID) was previously reviewed in Volume 12,Issue 1, but is included here to allow for comparisons to Mintel and MarketLine.

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Encyclopedia Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, Leticia Camacho Jan 2007

Encyclopedia Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

In today’s global, competitive marketplace, firms are concerned with developing, retaining, and rewarding their workforce. With the proliferation of self-service human resource management applications, workplace issues are no longer the sole purview of the human resources department. Line managers need to be aware of legal and ethical issues as well as of the latest techniques to evaluate and motivate their employees. The Encyclopedia covers more than four hundred key topics that affect the workplace environment daily.

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Newspaper Vs. Non-Newspaper Litigants In The U.S. Supreme Court, 1964-2001, Edward L. Carter, James C. Phillips Jan 2007

Newspaper Vs. Non-Newspaper Litigants In The U.S. Supreme Court, 1964-2001, Edward L. Carter, James C. Phillips

Faculty Publications

Newspapers have been involved as litigants in some of the most significant First Amendment cases to come before the U.S. Supreme Court. Particularly since the groundbreaking case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan in 1964, newspapers have played a prominent role in Supreme Court cases that have defined many important points of First Amendment doctrine and have tested the nation's commitment to freedom of expression. Newspapers have successfully challenged, among other regulations, strict liability for defamation, a mandatory right of reply for political candidates, prior restraint of publication and a courtroom closure order in a high-profile state murder trial. But …

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A Survey Of Dating And Marriage At Byu, Bruce A. Chadwick, Mindy Judd, Richard J. Mcclendon, Lauren Smith, Brent L. Top Jan 2007

A Survey Of Dating And Marriage At Byu, Bruce A. Chadwick, Mindy Judd, Richard J. Mcclendon, Lauren Smith, Brent L. Top

Faculty Publications

A 2001 study of 1,000 young women attending four-year colleges and universities across the United States conducted by Norval Glenn and Elizabeth Marquardt found that “dating” has all but disappeared from American college campuses. Only half of the women reported they had been asked on six or more dates during their entire college career. In fact, one-third of the women had two or fewer dates during the same four years. Instead of dating, college students now “hang out” in mixed groups in a variety of settings including apartments, dormitory rooms, student centers, pizza parlors, coffee shops, and bars. From these …

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