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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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Brigham Young University

Faculty Publications

2000

Articles 1 - 10 of 10

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Gender Differences In Sexual Behaviors And Factors Associated With Nonuse Of Condoms Among Homeless And Runaway Youths, Duncan A. Mackeller, Linda A. Valleroy, John P. Hoffmann, Donna Glebatis, Marlene Lalota, William Mcfarland, Johnny Westerholm, Robert S. Janssen Dec 2000

Gender Differences In Sexual Behaviors And Factors Associated With Nonuse Of Condoms Among Homeless And Runaway Youths, Duncan A. Mackeller, Linda A. Valleroy, John P. Hoffmann, Donna Glebatis, Marlene Lalota, William Mcfarland, Johnny Westerholm, Robert S. Janssen

Faculty Publications

Few studies have examined gender-specific factors associated with the nonuse of condoms among homeless and runaway youths (HRYs)–a population at high risk for HIV infection. In this article, we evaluate these factors and explore gender differences in background experiences, psychosocial functioning, and risk behaviors among HRYs from four U.S. metropolitan areas. Of 879 sexually active HRYs sampled, approximately 70% reported unprotected sexual intercourse during a 6-month period, and nearly a quarter reported never using condoms in the same period. Among males and females, having only one sex partner in the previous 6 months had the strongest association with nonuse of …

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Proclamation-Based Principles Of Parenting And Supportive Scholarship, Craig H. Hart, Lloyd D. Newell, Lisa L. Sine Jan 2000

Proclamation-Based Principles Of Parenting And Supportive Scholarship, Craig H. Hart, Lloyd D. Newell, Lisa L. Sine

Faculty Publications

How parents view the nature of a child and their own role as parents has great influence over the life of that child. Many perspectives about the nature of children have arisen in the course of Western Civilization that have shaped childrearing practices for centuries, including the increasingly accepted scholarly view that parents matter relatively little in children’s lives. (2) This chapter emphasizes inspired, eternal principles that are supported by empirical and conceptual scholarship, which suggests that optimal parenting does indeed matter in children’s lives.

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Caregivers Locus Of Control For Child Improvement, Timothy B. Smith Jan 2000

Caregivers Locus Of Control For Child Improvement, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A potentially important variable that has received little attention in the disabilities literature is the caregiver's locus of control beliefs for child improvement as they relate to treatment compliance and actual child improvement. To evaluate the construct's utility in a practice setting, 131 caregiver-child dyads were assessed twice, twelve months apart. Children were an average of approximately four years old at the first assessment, and all of them had mild to severe developmental disabilities. Aspects of caregiver compliance to treatment were rated, and measures of child development status, family functioning, and caregiver locus of control were administered. Results indicated that …

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Strategies For Preventing Disruptive Behaviors Among Students With Autism, Tina Taylor Jan 2000

Strategies For Preventing Disruptive Behaviors Among Students With Autism, Tina Taylor

Faculty Publications

Help! What should I do with Michael? I can't control him! I often hear pleas of help similar to this one. What can a teacher do to help a student with autism learn and demonstrate appropriate behavior? The purpose of this article is provide a framework by which we can view behavior, and a description of a few strategies to help prevent challenging behaviors among students with autism. When I was a fresh out of college working under a provisional certificate, I was educated in the "current" methods of "behavior management." That is, I learned how to observe, count, graph …

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Leveraging Analysis Operators In Incremental Generation, Deryle W. Lonsdale Jan 2000

Leveraging Analysis Operators In Incremental Generation, Deryle W. Lonsdale

Faculty Publications

This paper discusses the integration of an operator-based generation component with a similarly-designed natural-language comprehension system. It begins by sketching the cognitive theory and modeling system that frame both systems. A brief summary of the comprehension system and its characteristics follows, including the relevant operators. The generation system with its own operators and processing stages is then introduced. The degree to which these two systems exhibit shared functionality is then explored, and ongoing work is mentioned.

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Ethnic Representation In A Sample Of The Literature Of Applied Psychology, Leslie Case, Timothy B. Smith Jan 2000

Ethnic Representation In A Sample Of The Literature Of Applied Psychology, Leslie Case, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A number of authors have raised concerns over the external validity of psychological research. This study examined the extent to which empirical articles include human participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Articles published over a 5-year period in 14 selected journals representing 3 applied subdisciplines of psychology were examined. Of the 2,536 articles coded, only 61% indicated the ethnicity of the participants. For those articles, the ethnic compositions approximated U.S. Census estimates, with the exception of an over representation of African Americans and an under representation of Hispanic Americans. The results imply that although the field is apparently adequately recruiting English …

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Cultural Values And Happiness, Timothy B. Smith Jan 2000

Cultural Values And Happiness, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

Csikszentmihalyi (1999) has reminded us that social scientists cannot shrink from challenging the validity of our most cherished values, including the fundamental nature of happiness. He cites research affirming that material wealth does not correlate with happiness and then presents data correlating happiness with the experience of flow. However, in making this leap Csikszentmihalyi confuses correlation with causation. Because losing oneself in a project, relationship, or dream is followed by a very positive condition does not mean that the experience itself caused happiness. It is equally likely that losing one self is the causative factor. In looking at his data …

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Russian Parenting Styles And Family Processes: Linkages With Subtypes Of Victimization And Aggression, Craig H. Hart, David A. Nelson, Clyde C. Robinson, Susanne F. Olson, Mary Kay Mcneilly-Choque, Christin L. Porter, Trevor R. Mckee Jan 2000

Russian Parenting Styles And Family Processes: Linkages With Subtypes Of Victimization And Aggression, Craig H. Hart, David A. Nelson, Clyde C. Robinson, Susanne F. Olson, Mary Kay Mcneilly-Choque, Christin L. Porter, Trevor R. Mckee

Faculty Publications

Political changes in the former Soviet Union have allowed social scientists to explore a variety of family and child development issues that were closed to systematic investigation for many decades (Maddock, Hogan, Antonov, & Matskovsky, 1994). Prior Soviet psychological research focused on cognitive rather than socioemotional processes for political reasons (Kerig, 1996). Therefore, Western researchers had little opportunity to conduct research on children’s social development in the context of the family in the former Soviet Union.

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The Effect Of The Auap Study Abroad Experience On The Students' Cultural Perceptions, K. James Hartshorn Jan 2000

The Effect Of The Auap Study Abroad Experience On The Students' Cultural Perceptions, K. James Hartshorn

Faculty Publications

As the Asia University America Program (AUAP) commences its second decade, those who have closely observed this unique study abroad experience are aware of a variety of ways the students seem to benefit from their participation. Some of these benefits are academic and can be seen in the development and improvement of specific language skills, gains in standardized test scores and earned university credit applied toward graduation. However, there seem to be a variety of other valuable benefits that may be a little more difficult to measure. such benefits could include the enlargement of the students' international perspective as world …

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Fronting And Palatalization In Two Dialects Of Shoshoni, Dirk Elzinga Jan 2000

Fronting And Palatalization In Two Dialects Of Shoshoni, Dirk Elzinga

Faculty Publications

In Western Shoshoni, a Uto- Aztecan language spoken in northern Nevada, coronal obstruents are found in distributional patterns which depend on the presence or absence of a preceding front vowel ([i] or [e]). In the pattern I refer to as FRONTING, alveolar stops alternate with dental stops - dental stops occur following front vowels (la), while alveolar stops occur elsewhere (lb); this pattern is common to all dialects:

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