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Articles 1 - 30 of 450
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Yearly Changes In Education Expenditure And Changes In Student Performance, Dale A. Manzo
Yearly Changes In Education Expenditure And Changes In Student Performance, Dale A. Manzo
Undergraduate Economic Review
Using data from the state of Florida in the 2000s, we dispute the findings of the Coleman report. We find that there is a positive relationship between changes in expenditure per pupil and changes in academic performance. This study takes advantage of changes in expenditure resulting from the Great Recession to formulate a quasi-experimental analysis of the relationship between expenditure per pupil and academic performance. Our conclusion is consistent with the theory of decreasing marginal returns to expenditure on education.
Convergence Of Gdp Per Capita Levels Within The Countries Of The European Union, Hayk Mardanyan
Convergence Of Gdp Per Capita Levels Within The Countries Of The European Union, Hayk Mardanyan
Undergraduate Economic Review
The process of economic convergence in the EU has been a hotly debated issue since the formation of this organization. In fact, one of the main “operational priorities” of the EU is to “[promote] sustained convergence of the economic performance” of its Member States. This paper examines how effective the EU has been in ensuring upward economic convergence among its member countries: more specifically, the paper uses linear regression analysis to check whether poorer EU member countries, concentrated in Eastern Europe, have been growing at faster rates than their richer counterparts, which are concentrated in Western and Southern Europe.
Climate Change, Information, Beliefs And Action: Can New Information Affect Swedes’ Climate Change Mitigation Efforts?, Martin Kihlstedt
Climate Change, Information, Beliefs And Action: Can New Information Affect Swedes’ Climate Change Mitigation Efforts?, Martin Kihlstedt
Undergraduate Economic Review
This study illuminates which beliefs drive climate mitigation efforts in the Swedish public and how they are affected by information. Using data gathered in an online experiment (n=372), this study finds that a range of beliefs predict Swedes’ climate mitigation efforts. Mainly, it finds that the impact of correcting misperceptions about either Sweden’s emissions or social norms is both varied and limited. Information about Sweden’s emissions has a negative impact on climate policy support. This effect is not fully explained by some respondents perceiving the information as lacking in credibility. Information about norms has a positive impact on respondents self-estimated …
The Foreign-Born And The American Dream: An Analysis Of Trends In And Determinants Of Immigrant Homeownership, Jared Schneider
The Foreign-Born And The American Dream: An Analysis Of Trends In And Determinants Of Immigrant Homeownership, Jared Schneider
Honors Projects
For many Americans, owning a home is an important step in their life journey and constitutes a meaningful component of a person’s achievement of the “American Dream.” This paper analyzes the extent and possibility of homeownership for foreign-born residents of the United States. This paper utilizes Integrated Public Microdata Series (IPUMS) American Community Survey (ACS) data to analyze trends in immigrant homeownership and evaluate the factors that influence homeownership rates among immigrants. To get a view as to what changes have been occurring over time, this paper looks at data from two separate years: 2006 and 2019. I find a …
Assessing Happiness: An Evaluation Of The Latin American Paradox In The United States, Daniel J. Maisch
Assessing Happiness: An Evaluation Of The Latin American Paradox In The United States, Daniel J. Maisch
Honors Projects
Abstract: This research project investigates an array of pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors and their effect on happiness trends within the United States’ Latino population. Happiness Economics is a new field of economic study coined in the 1970s by Richard Easterlin. This new field of study laid the foundation for further research and, ultimately, led to the discovery of the Latin American Paradox. The Latin American Paradox identifies high levels of happiness amongst Latinos within Latin America and the United States, with low levels of economic prosperity. This study uses Mental Health data from IPUMS Health Survey to investigate the different …
‘Vox Populi?:’ Assessing Nato Popularity Relative To Political And Economic Indicators In Selected Member Nations, Zachary W. Cheek
‘Vox Populi?:’ Assessing Nato Popularity Relative To Political And Economic Indicators In Selected Member Nations, Zachary W. Cheek
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper seeks to identify the impact of political and economic conditions on a nation’s popularity/favorability ratings towards North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the world’s most powerful military alliance. It is found that in random-effect models there exists a significant positive relationship between a country’s democratic strength and favorability, as well as a negative relationship regarding unemployment. In fixed-effect models, however, there is slight evidence of a positive relationship with per-capita GDP, as well as negative relationships with the unemployment rate and the trade index. Overall, differences in member-nations largely account for whether democratic or macroeconomic conditions influence support.
The Effect Of Income On Healthy Food Options, Hannah M. Doherty
The Effect Of Income On Healthy Food Options, Hannah M. Doherty
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper explores the effect of income per capita on the number of grocery stores and fast-food franchises in an area. Using a panel dataset to allow for the inclusion of every county in the United States across a period of three years, the results suggest that the income per capita of a county significantly impacts the number of grocery stores and fast-food restaurants in the area. Other factors such as education, age, and attributes regarding time constraints also play an important role in determining the number of grocery stores and fast-food franchises in a location.
Patience As A Predictor For Environmental Attitudes, Carolina Missura
Patience As A Predictor For Environmental Attitudes, Carolina Missura
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper aims to show the relationship between an individual’s value of patience and the degree to which they exhibit pro-environmental attitudes. My hypothesis is that country-wide patience has a strong impact on an individual’s attitudes towards protecting the environment. I present two methods to address this relationship, each method employs a different variable used to measure environmental attitudes. Given some discrepancies in the results from the first method, the second was the one utilized to reach the conclusion. The paper concludes that there is a positive and significant correlation between patience and environmental attitudes.
The Effects Of Increased Access To Mail-In And Absentee Voting Due To Covid-19 On Voter Turnout In The 2020 Presidential Election, Irene Catlin Hedeman
The Effects Of Increased Access To Mail-In And Absentee Voting Due To Covid-19 On Voter Turnout In The 2020 Presidential Election, Irene Catlin Hedeman
Undergraduate Economic Review
With new voting policies in the fallout from the 2020 election, it is critical to understand their effects on voter turnout. I use a difference-in-differences approach to study effects of absentee voting policies from the fall of 2020 on voter turnout in four states. Using county-level data on the 2008-2020 presidential elections, I estimate turnout based on the county’s policy for the 2020 election. I use three sets of states, and I find positive effects on voter turnout for all three sets, two of which are significant. The results from the Montana policy hold through the robustness checks.
The Rise Of Community-Based Natural Resource Management Strategies As Explained By Transaction Costs, Keely A. Fisher, Marc R. Donnelly, Collin Adams
The Rise Of Community-Based Natural Resource Management Strategies As Explained By Transaction Costs, Keely A. Fisher, Marc R. Donnelly, Collin Adams
Undergraduate Economic Review
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is favored over its predecessor, the fortress approach, for common pool resource (CPR) management. We strive to identify variables associated with successful CBNRM programs, and analyze whether their presence transaction costs can explain the shift in favored conservation strategy. By examining nine case studies of large mammals in Africa, we found that out of eight variables, moderate monitoring and adequate program incentives were the most critical various factors in determining CBNRM program outcomes. Furthermore, these variables, as well as others, contributed to a decrease in transaction costs.
The Impact Of Democracy On Economic Growth In South Asia, Rijul Alvan Das, Siddharth --
The Impact Of Democracy On Economic Growth In South Asia, Rijul Alvan Das, Siddharth --
Undergraduate Economic Review
One of the most fundamental themes that combine the disciplines of political science and economics is the role played by democracy in the economic growth of a country. Does democracy accelerate or hinder growth? The literature is divided on this topic with both sides presenting strong empirical and theoretical views. This paper studies this issue in the context of South Asia. Our theoretical framework brings out the key characteristics that are often highlighted in both sides of the intellectual debate. Using econometric methods and tools such as Pooled, Fixed and Random Effects estimates, we aim to study the relationship between …
Infrastructure In India's Internal War: A District-Level Analysis Of The Naxalite-Maoist Conflict, Krunal Desai
Infrastructure In India's Internal War: A District-Level Analysis Of The Naxalite-Maoist Conflict, Krunal Desai
Undergraduate Economic Review
Since the last few decades of economic liberalization, India has been experiencing a civil conflict threat by communist insurgents known as Naxalites. Because this group desires to separate themselves from the state through violent means, they began occupying themselves in some of the least developed districts in India. Coincidentally, because of low human development, the Government of India created an infrastructure program known as the Backwards Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) that targets a selected set of districts that lack basic infrastructures such as roads, sanitation facilities, and electrical grids. This study aims to question the notion that government assistance should …
The Effect Of Epidemiological Investor Sentiment On Financial Market Movements, Ruben A. Silverstone
The Effect Of Epidemiological Investor Sentiment On Financial Market Movements, Ruben A. Silverstone
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper investigates the effect of public sentiment related to epidemiological crises on financial market movements. The outbreak of COVID-19 provided evidence of the havoc a pandemic can wreak on financial markets. The Ebola outbreak between December 2013 and January 2016 provides the ideal case study to isolate sentiment. Sentiment was quantified with established text processing methods, using news on viral events uncorrelated with other potential causes of market movements and incorporating publisher circulation. I find that epidemiological investor sentiment has a highly statistically significant, current, and non-linear relationship with individual company stock returns when controlling for company-specific fixed effects.
How Does Industrialization Affect (Equitable) Income Growth? Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing During The Early 20th Century, Leonardo Cavedagne
How Does Industrialization Affect (Equitable) Income Growth? Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing During The Early 20th Century, Leonardo Cavedagne
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper assesses how changes in labor productivity from the rise of industrialization impacted total, personal, and corporate income per capita at the state level from 1899-1940. Using hand-collected data from the Statistics of Income Report and the Statistical Abstract of the United States, we conduct OLS regressions and find a significant and positive relationship between labor productivity and our dependent variables. Personal income recorded the highest coefficient, demonstrating workers benefiting the most from increasing labor productivity. This finding allows for exploration into equitable income growth, as the growth in income benefits the workers more than large capital owners.
Modeling The Us Beef Industry’S Response To Covid-19, Owen Michael Fleming
Modeling The Us Beef Industry’S Response To Covid-19, Owen Michael Fleming
Undergraduate Economic Review
To understand the beef industry’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, I proposed a three-sector model of the beef supply-chain and estimated it econometrically. Based on their definitions, it is found that panic, stay-at-home procedures, and expectations are not significant explanatory variables. However, there is strong evidence that COVID-19 spread in a set of counties with large meatpacking plants has the effect of increasing wholesale beef prices, while country-wide spread has the effect of reducing wholesale prices. The results further imply differences in competition across the market levels, with wholesalers responding as if they face less competition than retailers and farmers.
Analyzing And Decomposing South African Income Inequality By Income Source, Race, And Poverty Level For 2008 And 2014, Zia Saylor
Undergraduate Economic Review
In South Africa’s apartheid regime a white minority controlled the black African majority from 1948 until 1994, creating income and wealth inequalities between the different races that linger today. This paper uses data from the 2008 and 2014 National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) to understand income inequalities within and between racial categories, to examine how different income sources contribute to overall income inequality, and to study how the interaction between race and poverty shapes the inequality between African households when decomposing into subgroups above and below the poverty line. For this study, I use Gini coefficients to measure inequality. My …
The Effect Of Female Protagonists And Non-Sexist Dialogue On Domestic Box Office Revenue For Films Released Between 1995 To 2018, Chase Ochsner
The Effect Of Female Protagonists And Non-Sexist Dialogue On Domestic Box Office Revenue For Films Released Between 1995 To 2018, Chase Ochsner
Honors Projects
This research examines the correlation between box office revenue and films with female protagonists and films that pass the Bechdel Test. I extracted data from Box Office Mojo and Numbers.com for 1186 movies between 1995 to 2018 on several characteristics including the gender of the film’s protagonist, the presence of non-sexist dialogue (Bechdel Test), the genre of the movie, and the film’s box office revenue and budget. I created four OLS regression equations in SPSS and two logistic regression models in STATA to test my hypotheses. I found that having a female protagonist and passing the Bechdel Test are highly …
Labor Market Monopsony And Wage Inequality: Evidence From Online Labor Market Vacancies, Samuel I. Thorpe
Labor Market Monopsony And Wage Inequality: Evidence From Online Labor Market Vacancies, Samuel I. Thorpe
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper estimates the effects of employer labor market power on wage inequality in the United States. I find that inequality as measured by interdecile range is 23.7% higher in perfectly monopsonistic labor markets than in perfectly competitive markets, even when controlling for commuting zone and occupation fixed effects. I also decompose these results into 50/10 and 90/50 ratios, finding much larger impacts on inequality among low earners. These results suggest that monopsony power has significant and policy-relevant impacts on wage inequality, and particularly harms the lowest earning subsets of the labor force.
Information Perception And Climate Change Adaptation, Ji Won Sung
Information Perception And Climate Change Adaptation, Ji Won Sung
Undergraduate Economic Review
Despite 97% of scientists believing that climate change is occurring, a far smaller proportion of ordinary citizens agree with this statement and the proportion of those who do greatly diverge by political affiliation. This paper lays out a dynamic information updating model with adaptation choice as the final outcome, linking information perception, belief perception, and behavioral implementation. Furthermore, this paper examines how various behavioral and environmental factors affect the agent’s adaptation choices by means of such cognitive processes. This research has implications for further research on climate change preference formation and effective communication strategies, such as informative or normative nudges.
Gambling With Debt: The English Premier League, Edward Robinson
Gambling With Debt: The English Premier League, Edward Robinson
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper aims to investigate the impact of debt on financial performance in the English Premier League from the 2000/01 season to the 2017/18 season. Panel model estimations concluded debt has a significant inverse relationship with financial performance. This relationship may potentially be stronger in larger clubs and could be present through human capital investment’s significant direct relationship with financial performance. This further emphasised usages of intangible assets as a player human capital investment indicator, rather than using wage costs like previous studies. Furthermore, filling a gap regarding how capital structures may be used to impact financial performance within’ football.
Determinants Of Business Cycle Synchronisation In The Common Monetary Area In Southern Africa, Gustaf Dillner
Determinants Of Business Cycle Synchronisation In The Common Monetary Area In Southern Africa, Gustaf Dillner
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper examines the key factors that determine business cycle synchronisation in the Common Monetary Area in Southern Africa by applying the extreme bounds analysis. I investigate traditional structural indicators and policy indicators of output correlation with annual data from 1980 to 2018. A positive effect of sector homogeneity and trade intensity on business cycle synchronisation is identified. However, whereas sector homogeneity is a growing trend correlating with an increasing trend of cycle correlation, trade intensity is not. Instead, trade intensity increases significantly in periods of stagnant growth when cycle correlation is higher, but no long-term trend can be seen.
Professor Seeborg Says Covid Drives Retirements, But It's Not Best Time For Everyone, Dana Vollmer
Professor Seeborg Says Covid Drives Retirements, But It's Not Best Time For Everyone, Dana Vollmer
Interviews for WGLT
On average, about 2 million people retire annually, but the Pew Research Center reports for 2020 that figure is already more than 3.2 million. Emeritus Professor of Ecconomics Mike Seeborg said that's a major reversal in the prior trend of delaying retirement, and talks about what's driving this change with WGLT's Dana Vollmer.
Market Trends In Food Consumption Expenditures Away From Home Prior To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Rebecca Weir
Market Trends In Food Consumption Expenditures Away From Home Prior To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Rebecca Weir
Undergraduate Economic Review
U.S. food consumption expenditures away from home increased from 19 percent of total food expenditures in 1955 to 48 percent in 2015. Simultaneously, female participation in the labor force grew by 52.7 million women from 35 to 57 percent, signifying increased opportunity cost for women to prepare meals at home. This research uses an ordinary least squares regression to examine socioeconomic factors influencing the rise in U.S. food consumption expenditures away from home in 2018. Results inform food production and service industries’ marketing strategies, and set the stage for whether a new pattern emerges in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Affordable Care Act And Entrepreneurship Lock: An Updated Examination Of Employer-Based Healthcare’S Effect On Self-Employment By Demographic Group, Sean Ruddy
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper capitalizes on a natural experiment created by differences in Medicaid expansion under The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). A difference and difference model comparing states that did and did not expand Medicaid is conducted to investigate if providing an alternative and low-cost source of health insurance affects self-employment rates overall and across different demographic groups. The results suggest that living in a state that expanded Medicaid was associated with a 1.4 percent increase in the likelihood that an individual will be self-employed and that this effect is heterogeneous across different demographics, being largest among African Americans.
Raise The Seawalls: Local Governments & Flood Protection, Felix Stetsenko
Raise The Seawalls: Local Governments & Flood Protection, Felix Stetsenko
Undergraduate Economic Review
Rising seas and more frequent and severe storms are increasing the risks and costs of flooding. Using 2009-2018 data for the U.S. state of Florida from FEMA’s Community Rating System program (CRS), which scores participating local governments on their flood risk mitigation activities: I study (1) whether increasing flood risks have led to increases in program participation and score among Florida towns and cities; (2) what risk, fiscal, and demographic factors are driving local governments to invest in CRS-recognized flood risk mitigation measures; and (3) the association between CRS measures and home values.
Affirmative Action And Mismatch: Evidence From Statewide Affirmative Action Bans, Leon Ren
Affirmative Action And Mismatch: Evidence From Statewide Affirmative Action Bans, Leon Ren
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper empirically evaluates the mismatch hypothesis by exploiting the quasi-experimental variation in the adoption of statewide affirmative action bans. Specifically, this paper examines the effect of such bans on minority graduation rates using a difference-in-difference, synthetic control, and triple-difference approach. My results suggest that statewide affirmative action bans are associated with an increase in minority graduation rates, consistent with the mismatch hypothesis, at highly selective institutions. Moreover, mismatch effects are not confined to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors. JEL Codes: I28, J15
The Google Trends Uncertainty (Gtu) Index: A Measure Of Economic Policy Uncertainty In The Eu Using Google Trends, Luisa Weinberg
The Google Trends Uncertainty (Gtu) Index: A Measure Of Economic Policy Uncertainty In The Eu Using Google Trends, Luisa Weinberg
Undergraduate Economic Review
The objective of this research is to use Google search data to build the Google Trends Uncertainty (GTU) index, a weekly measure of uncertainty surrounding economic policy in the four largest economies in the European Union: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. By obtaining the relative popularity of Google searches with economic policy uncertainty connotations given a specific timeframe and geographical area, the frequency with which people search for terms related to economic policy effectively serves as a proxy for actual economic policy uncertainty. In its entirety, the various elements of this research allow to accurately and unbiasedly measure economic policy …
Preserving History Or Property Values: Historic Preservation And Housing Prices In Washington, Dc, Lev Klarnet
Preserving History Or Property Values: Historic Preservation And Housing Prices In Washington, Dc, Lev Klarnet
Undergraduate Economic Review
Neighborhood historic preservation has been highly controversial in Washington, DC, as proponents claim it preserves valuable architecture and critics claim in increases unaffordability. Using a dataset of all residential and condominium property sales in DC between 1992 and 2019, I find that the effect of historic designation on property values within historic districts is heterogeneous. While residential property values increase by 9%, condominium prices fall by 6.3% after designation. This paper also uniquely controls for endogeneity—which arises if in response to rising housing prices, neighborhood groups seek historic designation—by researching the party that nominated each historic district.
Effects Of Minimum Wage Increase On Employment In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Korea, Hyunah Kim
Effects Of Minimum Wage Increase On Employment In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Korea, Hyunah Kim
Undergraduate Economic Review
In Korea, where SMEs dominantly provide most of the jobs in labor market, how SMEs respond to an increase in the minimum wage in terms of employment can be a critical factor of job provision in Korean labor market. This paper mainly examines the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment in SMEs in Korea by using a difference-in-differences methodology, and finds that raising the minimum wage has on average significantly reduced total employment in all sizes of SMEs relative to large enterprises. The finding in this paper suggests that raising the minimum wage rate may incur loss of …
Professor Mike Seeborg On Covid-19 Jobless Benefits, Eric Stock
Professor Mike Seeborg On Covid-19 Jobless Benefits, Eric Stock
Interviews for WGLT
IWU Professor of Economics Mike Seeborg said Congress should extend COVID-19 jobless benefits past July of 2020, but should also develop a plan to phase them out once jobless rates fall below 10%. Eric Stock from WGLT spoke to Seeborg about ecconomic issues related to Covid-19.