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Articles 61 - 90 of 108
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Weak Localization Of Two-Dimensional Conduction Holes, S. Washburn, Richard A. Webb, E. E. Mendez, L. L. Chang, L. Esaki
Weak Localization Of Two-Dimensional Conduction Holes, S. Washburn, Richard A. Webb, E. E. Mendez, L. L. Chang, L. Esaki
Faculty Publications
We report transport measurements which we interpret as weak localization of two-dimensional conduction holes in a GaSb-InAs-GaSb quantum-well structure. This system is unique in that it has parallel conduction channels containing both holes and electrons. The longitudinal resistance of the sample was measured for temperatures between 0.006 and 25 K; the magnetoresistance was measured in a perpendicular magnetic field. Weak localization of the holes was indicated by negative magnetoresistance and by a large logarithmic correction to the conductivity.
Relativistic Invariance And Zitterbewegung, James A. Lock
Relativistic Invariance And Zitterbewegung, James A. Lock
Physics Faculty Publications
We examine the question of what it is about the structure of relativistic quantum mechanics that causes the nonintuitive phenomenon of the Zitterbewegung of particle position to exist. Further, we examine various assumptions concerning the measurement process which are implicit in the observation of Zitterbewegung.
Construction Of A Multidimensional Potential Energy Surface From An Energy Spectrum, Robert Leonard Waterland, John B. Delos
Construction Of A Multidimensional Potential Energy Surface From An Energy Spectrum, Robert Leonard Waterland, John B. Delos
Arts & Sciences Articles
A method for the systematic construction of a multidimensional potential energy surface from an energy spectrum is presented. We show that if the Hamiltonian and the energy spectrum satisfy certain conditions then there is an inversion technique which gives a potential energy function from the spectrum. The method proceeds via a sequence of canonical transformations and leads to a potential energy which is symmetric in all its variables. We test the procedure for one‐ and two‐dimensional examples and show that it gives reasonable results. However, the method does not give a unique result and we discuss two types of nonuniqueness …
Precipitation Of Fe3O4 In Magnetotactic Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel, Richard P. Blakemore
Precipitation Of Fe3O4 In Magnetotactic Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel, Richard P. Blakemore
Physics
The magnetotactic bacterium A. magnetotacticum contains ferrous ions, a low density hydrous ferric oxide, a high density hydrous ferric oxide (ferrihydrite) and Fe3O4, which is precipitated by partial reduction of the ferrihydrite precursor.
H- And He In A Uniform Magnetic Field: Ground-State Wave Functions, Energies, And Binding Energies For Fields Below 109 G, Chang-Hwan Park, Anthony F. Starace
H- And He In A Uniform Magnetic Field: Ground-State Wave Functions, Energies, And Binding Energies For Fields Below 109 G, Chang-Hwan Park, Anthony F. Starace
Anthony F. Starace Publications
Wave functions, energies, and binding energies for the lowest singlet states of H- and He in uniform magnetic fields B<109 G are calculated using an adiabatic approximation in hyperspherical coordinates. In computing the angular part of the wave functions, a coupled expansion in one-electron oblate spheroidal angle functions is used. In addition to contracting the two-electron wave function radially, the magnetic field is found to distort the angular part of the wave function mainly by reducing the ss1S character of the state and replacing it with an sd 1D character. Results for energies and binding energies …
Coexistence And Spinodal Curves In Directionally Bonded Liquids Using The Four-Cluster Approximation, Erik Bodegom, Paul H. Meijer
Coexistence And Spinodal Curves In Directionally Bonded Liquids Using The Four-Cluster Approximation, Erik Bodegom, Paul H. Meijer
Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations
We derive the phase diagrams and spinodals of binary liquid systems with anisotropic interactions, such as hydrogen-bonded molecules. The work is based on the four-particle cluster variation method, using a different potential for different contact points. It is shown that the introduction of a cluster larger than previously used by Barker and Fock, leads to a considerable improvement in the shape of the phase diagram and avoids some of the difficulties encountered in their calculation. Phase diagrams are displayed for various choices of the parameters: the number of contact points, the interaction potential, and the order of the approximation.
Electron Detachment In Negative-Ion Collisions. I. Time-Dependent Theory And Models For A Propagator, T. S. Wang, John B. Delos
Electron Detachment In Negative-Ion Collisions. I. Time-Dependent Theory And Models For A Propagator, T. S. Wang, John B. Delos
Arts & Sciences Articles
A theory of electron detachment in slow collisions of negative ions with atoms is developed. The theory is based on assumptions that are similar to, but more general than, the assumptions made in earlier papers: The motion of the nuclei is described semiclassically, the electronic wave function is expanded in a partially diabatic basis that includes a discrete state and a continuum, and certain couplings are assumed to be small. With such assumptions the Schrödinger equation is reduced to a nondenumerably infinite set of coupled differential equations, and then to a single integro-differential equation (an equation with "memory"). It is …
Elastic Differential Cross Sections For Small-Angle Scattering Of 25-, 40-, And 60-Kev Protons By Atomic Hydrogen, Eduard P. Rille, Jerry Peacher, E. Redd, Thomas J. Kvale, Denver G. Seely, D. M. Blankenship, Ronald E. Olson, John T. Park
Elastic Differential Cross Sections For Small-Angle Scattering Of 25-, 40-, And 60-Kev Protons By Atomic Hydrogen, Eduard P. Rille, Jerry Peacher, E. Redd, Thomas J. Kvale, Denver G. Seely, D. M. Blankenship, Ronald E. Olson, John T. Park
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Elastic angular differential cross sections for small-angle scattering of protons by atomic hydrogen have been measured. The technique utilized unambigously distinguishes the elastically and inelastically scattered ions. The cross sections fall monotonically by 3 orders of magnitude in the angular range from 0.5 to 3.0 mrad, in the center-of-mass system. The experimental data obtained are in very good agreement with a multistate calculation and in fair agreement with both our Glauber-approximation and classical-trajectory Monte Carlo results.
Electron Detachment In Negative-Ion Collisions. Ii. The Dynamical Complex Potential, T. S. Wang, John B. Delos
Electron Detachment In Negative-Ion Collisions. Ii. The Dynamical Complex Potential, T. S. Wang, John B. Delos
Arts & Sciences Articles
No abstract provided.
Two-Electron Lamb Shifts And 1s2s 3s1-1s2p 3pj Transition Frequencies In Helium-Like Ions [1], S. P. Goldman, Gordon W. F. Drake
Two-Electron Lamb Shifts And 1s2s 3s1-1s2p 3pj Transition Frequencies In Helium-Like Ions [1], S. P. Goldman, Gordon W. F. Drake
Physics Publications
The leading terms in the 1/Z expansion of the two-electron Bethe logarithm are calculated for the states 1s2 1S0, 1s2s 1S1, 1s2s 3S1, 1s2p 1P1 and 1s2p 3PJ by the use of a novel finite basis set method. The resulting QED terms are combined with other relativistic and mass polarisation corrections to obtain total transition frequencies. The results are compared with recent measurements in helium-like ions from Li+ to Fe24+.
Esr And Magnetization Of The Spin-Glass Cumn At Low Concentrations, F. R. Hoekstra, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, K. Baberschke, S. E. Barnes
Esr And Magnetization Of The Spin-Glass Cumn At Low Concentrations, F. R. Hoekstra, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, K. Baberschke, S. E. Barnes
Physics Articles and Papers
We have determined the resonance frequency ω versus resonant field H diagram for CuMn with Mn concentrations 2, 3.5, and 5 at.%, both when H⃗ is parallel and antiparallel to the cooling field H⃗c. From the parallel measurements we find anisotropy energy density constants K that are in agreement with K values determined from transverse susceptibility and torque measurements. However, the K values determined from the remanence reversal of dc magnetization are smaller by a factor of approximately 2. We suggest that this is caused by a breakdown of rigid-body spin rotations. By combining the parallel data with …
Esr In Situ With A Josephson Tunnel Junction, K. Baberschke, K. D. Bures, S. E. Barnes
Esr In Situ With A Josephson Tunnel Junction, K. Baberschke, K. D. Bures, S. E. Barnes
Physics Articles and Papers
The in situ electron-spin resonance of a voltage-biased NbAuNb Josephson junction is reported. The Au barrier is doped with Gd or 167Er ions. Sharp resonances appear in the I-V curves at frequencies equivalent to the crystal-field splitting of AuGd (1.0 and 1.7 GHz) and to the hyperfine splitting of Au167Er (2.87 GHz). The principle of this new type of ESR-Josephson-junction spectrometer, as well as its application, is discussed.
Esr Relaxation In Spin Glasses, S. E. Barnes
Esr Relaxation In Spin Glasses, S. E. Barnes
Physics Articles and Papers
The Bloch-Hasegawa theory for the ESR of magnetic alloys is adapted and extended to spin glasses in the paramagnetic regime, that is, for temperatures T>TG, the cusp temperature. Negative residual widths, reduced thermal broadening, and a possible critical divergence of the residual width are all explained in terms of minor extensions of the standard theory.
Scaling Approach To Spin-Glass Phenomena, S. E. Barnes, A. P. Malozemoff, B. Barbara
Scaling Approach To Spin-Glass Phenomena, S. E. Barnes, A. P. Malozemoff, B. Barbara
Physics Articles and Papers
The scaling model of spin-glass phenomena is extended to consider both longitudinal and transverse order parameters q1 and qt. The lowest-order coupling in the free energy goes as ql2qt2. The field (h) dependence of the reduced temperature t for transverse freezing is found to be t∼h4/δ where δ is the conventional nonlinear susceptibility field exponent (χ∼h2/δ). While the transverse correlation length diverges at t=0, the longitudinal correlation length remains finite.
The Feasibility Of The X-Ray Laser Pumped With A Nuclear Explosion, David W. Hafemeister
The Feasibility Of The X-Ray Laser Pumped With A Nuclear Explosion, David W. Hafemeister
Physics
Recent reports have indicated that an x-ray laser pumped with a nuclear explosion at a wavelength of 1.4nm (0.9 keV) has made some initial progress. It has been proposed to extend the development of this device to establish it as part of a layered ballistic missile defensive system to protect the United States against a nuclear attack. This paper will discuss the following aspects on the feasibility of this system: (1) Conditions affecting the efficiency of the X-ray laser; (2) Angular resolution and size of.the laser rods; (3) Energy on targets; (4) Basing Modes; (5) Countermeasures; and (6) Legal constraints.
Biomineralizationof Fe3O4 In Bacteria, R. B. Frankel, G. C. Papaefthymiou
Biomineralizationof Fe3O4 In Bacteria, R. B. Frankel, G. C. Papaefthymiou
Physics
No abstract provided.
Nuclear-Spin-Relaxation Study Of Internal Motion In Two Organic Molecular Solids, Alfonso M. Albano, Peter A. Beckmann, M. E. Carrington, E. E. Fisch, F. A. Fusco, A. E. O'Neill, Mary E. Scott
Nuclear-Spin-Relaxation Study Of Internal Motion In Two Organic Molecular Solids, Alfonso M. Albano, Peter A. Beckmann, M. E. Carrington, E. E. Fisch, F. A. Fusco, A. E. O'Neill, Mary E. Scott
Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship
We investigate proton spin-lattice relaxation in two powdered organic molecular solids with reorienting methyl (CH3) and tert-butyl [C(CH3)3] groups: 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) and 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (TTBZ). The temperature and Larmor frequency dependence of the relaxation rate is considerably more complicated than would be expected on the basis of random reorientations of the CH3 and C(CH3)3 groups. The spectral densities describing the relaxation are broader, and show more structure, than those customarily used to interpret relaxation data. Assuming that the spectral densities may be expressed as linear superpositions of Lorentzians, we are able to obtain a single, nonexponential correlation function which leads to …
Velocity Measurements Of Humans By Computers, J. B. Rafert, R. C. Nicklin
Velocity Measurements Of Humans By Computers, J. B. Rafert, R. C. Nicklin
Faculty Publications
Distance and time, two fundamental quantities, are discussed early in most introductory physics courses. By dividing a change in distance by time to get velocity, and by dividing a change in velocity by time to get acceleration, two more important quantities result. With these the real world of automobiles and jet planes and applications of Newton's second law is available for interpretation from an analytical point of view. In order to get students thinking reliably about these important ideas it seems important to have direct measurements of distance and time over short enough intervals to talk sensibly about "instantaneous" velocities.
Dissociative Attachment To Rovibrationally Excited H2, J. M. Wadehra
Dissociative Attachment To Rovibrationally Excited H2, J. M. Wadehra
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research Publications
Using a local-width resonant model, the cross sections for dissociative attachment of low-energy electrons to a rovibrationally excited H_2 molecule in its ground electronic state are obtained. There are 294 such rovibrational levels. Only the contribution of the ^2Σ_u^+ resonant state of H^−_2 to the attachment process is investigated. Assuming a Maxwellian distribution for electron energies, the dissociative attachment cross sections are converted into attachment rates for various rovibrational levels of H_2. A significant enhancement of attachment rates occurs for endoergic reactions only, and the maximum possible rate for attachment to the ground electronic state of H_2 is about 10^(−8) …
Turbulent Suppression Of Spinodal Decomposition, D. J. Pine, Nalini Easwar, James V. Maher, W. I. Goldburg
Turbulent Suppression Of Spinodal Decomposition, D. J. Pine, Nalini Easwar, James V. Maher, W. I. Goldburg
Physics: Faculty Publications
Light scattering experiments reveal a strong suppression of phase separation near the critical point of a vigorously stirred binary liquid mixture. For stirring Reynolds numbers R ranging from 6.0 × 103 to 4.5 × 103, the apparent critical temperature is depressed by ∼1 mK to ∼50 mK. This temperature depression ΔTc can be fitted to a power law ΔTc∼Rλ where λ∼2. The magnitude of ΔTc is consistent with simple models which attribute the effect to the suppression of composition fluctuations by shear; however, these models predict λ≃0.80 in contrast to the observed value …
Dipole Moment And Potential Energy Functions Of The X ¹Σ + And A 1Σ+ States Of Nah, W. T. Zemke, Ronald E. Olson, K. K. Verma, W. C. Stwalley, B. Liu
Dipole Moment And Potential Energy Functions Of The X ¹Σ + And A 1Σ+ States Of Nah, W. T. Zemke, Ronald E. Olson, K. K. Verma, W. C. Stwalley, B. Liu
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Calculated radiative transition probabilities between all vibrational levels in the X 1Σ+ state (υ=0-21) and in the A 1Σ+ state (υ=0-32) of NaH are given. In addition, the calculated spontaneous emission lifetimes for vibrational- rotational levels (J=0,1) and the calculated dipole moments for these same levels are given. The calculations use new hybrid potential energy curves based on Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) and ab initio potential curves. The RKR curve for the X state is new. The calculations use new ab initio dipole moment functions of internuclear distance. © 1984 American Institute of Physics.
Delineation Of A Coal Burn Edge With Seismic Refraction, Karen D. Sontag, Paul J. Wolfe
Delineation Of A Coal Burn Edge With Seismic Refraction, Karen D. Sontag, Paul J. Wolfe
Physics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Multiple Ionization Of Rare Gases By H+ And He+ Impact, R. D. Dubois, L. H. Toburen, M. Eugene Rudd
Multiple Ionization Of Rare Gases By H+ And He+ Impact, R. D. Dubois, L. H. Toburen, M. Eugene Rudd
M. Eugene Rudd Publications
Absolute cross sections for multiple ionization (σq)of He, Ne, Ar, and Kr are presented for proton-impact energies between 10 and 4000 keV. Charge states up to 6 + are observed for Kr. The results are obtained by measuring relative yields of multiply charged ions with a time-of-flight spectrometer and normalizing to total ion-production cross sections σT= ∑qσq. The results are compared with existing proton- and electron-impact data. Relative multiple- to single-ionization cross-section ratios are also presented for He+ impact.
Resonant Electron Transfer And Excitation In Two-, Three-, And Four- Electron Caq +20 And Vq +23 Ions Colliding With Helium, J. A. Tanis, E. M. Bernstein, W. G. Graham, M. P. Stockli, M. Clark, Robert H. Mcfarland, T. J. Morgan, K. H. Berkner, A. S. Schlachter, J. W. Stearns
Resonant Electron Transfer And Excitation In Two-, Three-, And Four- Electron Caq +20 And Vq +23 Ions Colliding With Helium, J. A. Tanis, E. M. Bernstein, W. G. Graham, M. P. Stockli, M. Clark, Robert H. Mcfarland, T. J. Morgan, K. H. Berkner, A. S. Schlachter, J. W. Stearns
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Significant new evidence is reported for resonant transfer and excitation in ion-atom collisions. This process, which is analogous to dielectronic recombination, occurs when a target electron is captured simultaneously with the excitation of the projectile followed by photon emission. Strong resonant behavior with structure, in agreement with theoretical calculations, is observed in the cross section for projectile K x rays coincident with single electron capture for 100-360-MeV Ca16+,17+,18+20 and 180-460-MeV V19+,20+,21+23 ions colliding with helium. © 1984 The American Physical Society.
Molecular-State Cross-Section Calculations For H+Csh-+Cs+, Ronald E. Olson, M. Kimura, H. Sato
Molecular-State Cross-Section Calculations For H+Csh-+Cs+, Ronald E. Olson, M. Kimura, H. Sato
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Pseudopotential molecular-structure calculations have been used to obtain the seven lowest 1 and 1 states of CsH. These states and their associated radial and rotational coupling terms have been used to calculate the cross sections for H-+Cs+ ion-pair production in H+Cs(6s) and H+Cs*(6p) collisions at energies from 0.1 to 10 keV. The ion-ion mutual neutralization cross section, H-+Cs+ H+Cs, is also presented. The cross-section calculations were done with the perturbed-stationary-state method, modified to include two-electron translation factors. The ion-pair production cross section for ground-state reactants is in good agreement with experiment; collisions of H with excited Cs*(6p) show an order-of-magnitude …
A Theoretical F Region Study Of Ion Compositional And Temperature Variations In Response To Magnetospheric Storm Inputs, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk
A Theoretical F Region Study Of Ion Compositional And Temperature Variations In Response To Magnetospheric Storm Inputs, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk
All Physics Faculty Publications
The response of the polar ionosphere to magnetospheric storm inputs was modeled. During the “storm,” the spatial extent of the auroral oval, the intensity of the precipitating auroral electron energy flux, and the plasma convection pattern were varied with time. The convection pattern changed from a symmetric two-cell pattern with a 20-kV cross-tail potential to an asymmetric two-cell pattern with enhanced plasma flow in the dusk sector and a total cross-tail potential of 90 kV. During the storm there were significant changes in the ion temperature, ion composition, and molecular/atomic ion transition height. The storm time asymmetric convection pattern produced …
Pitch Angle Properties Of Magnetospheric Thermal Protons And Satellite Sheath Interference In Their Observation, Jan Josef Sojka, G. L. Wrenn, J.F. E. Johnson
Pitch Angle Properties Of Magnetospheric Thermal Protons And Satellite Sheath Interference In Their Observation, Jan Josef Sojka, G. L. Wrenn, J.F. E. Johnson
All Physics Faculty Publications
Cold proton observations from the geosynchronous GEOS 2 satellite are presented to show the pitch angle distribution of the refilling cold ion population found beyond the plasmapause. This refilling cold ion population flows into the depleted equatorial regions of the flux tubes from the topside ionosphere. This refilling is observed both day and night. The ions have energies between 0.5 and 3 eV. These energy characteristics are consistent with other recent observations. Although the observed angular distribution of these ions is highly complex, when allowance is made for the satellite sheath several conclusions can be made concerning the ion pitch …
Plasma Characteristics Of Polar Cap F-Layer Arcs, H C. Carlson Jr., Vincent B. Wickwar, E J. Weber, J Buchau, J G. Moore, W Whiting
Plasma Characteristics Of Polar Cap F-Layer Arcs, H C. Carlson Jr., Vincent B. Wickwar, E J. Weber, J Buchau, J G. Moore, W Whiting
All Physics Faculty Publications
First results are reported of a comprehensive campaign to measure ionospheric structure and dynamics of nighttime polar cap F‐layer or F‐region arcs. Airborne optical and digital ionosonde data were collected simultaneously with ground based incoherent scatter radar data, continuously over many hours in time and 500 to 1000 km in space. Polar cap F‐region sub‐visual auroral arcs, which are commonly observed during quiet magnetic conditions, are found to represent boundaries (or shears) in the polar cap plasma circulation pattern. F‐region electron concentration enhancements are found in these features and can be of significance to polar thermospheric circulation, composition, and thermal …
Observations Of Interplanetary Magnetic Field And Of Ionospheric Plasma Convection In The Vicinity Of The Dayside Polar Cleft, C R. Clauer, P M. Banks, A Q. Smith, T S. Jorgensen, E Friis-Christensen, S Vennerstrom, Vincent B. Wickwar
Observations Of Interplanetary Magnetic Field And Of Ionospheric Plasma Convection In The Vicinity Of The Dayside Polar Cleft, C R. Clauer, P M. Banks, A Q. Smith, T S. Jorgensen, E Friis-Christensen, S Vennerstrom, Vincent B. Wickwar
All Physics Faculty Publications
Dayside ionospheric convection at high latitudes has been examined during a series of experiments using the Sondrestrom radar together with ancillary observations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) by the IMP‐8 spacecraft. The radar experiments obtained a latitude coverage of 67.6° Λ to 81.30° Λ and a temporal resolution of between 14 to 25 minutes. A total of 17 rotations through the dayside cleft region during April, June and July, 1983 have been examined. The observations show two convection cells with sunward flow at lower latitudes and antisunward flow at higher latitudes. The flow commonly rotates through a 180° angle …
Mithras: A Brief Description, O De La Beaujardiere, Vincent B. Wickwar, M J. Baron, J Holt, R M. Wand, W L. Oliver, P Bauer, M Blanc, C Senior, D Alcayde, G Caudal, J Foster, E Nielsen, R Heelis
Mithras: A Brief Description, O De La Beaujardiere, Vincent B. Wickwar, M J. Baron, J Holt, R M. Wand, W L. Oliver, P Bauer, M Blanc, C Senior, D Alcayde, G Caudal, J Foster, E Nielsen, R Heelis
All Physics Faculty Publications
Between May 1981 and June 1982 an intensive campaign of 33 coordinated observations was carried out using the three incoherent-scatter radars capable of probing the auroral zone. During this period the groups operating the Dynamic Explorer satellites and the STARE radar made special efforts to acquire data coincident with the radar observations. The objective of these MITHRAS experiments and subsequent analysis is to further our understanding of the interactions of the magnetosphere, the ionosphere, and the thermosphere, with special emphasis on local time/universal time variations. Three experimental modes with different time resolution and spatial coverage were used to examine different …