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Articles 151 - 169 of 169
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Disrupting Cxcr2 Macromolecular Complex Pdz-Domain Interactions During Inflammatory Chemotaxis, Marcello Castelvetere
Disrupting Cxcr2 Macromolecular Complex Pdz-Domain Interactions During Inflammatory Chemotaxis, Marcello Castelvetere
Wayne State University Theses
Neutrophils are the body's first responders to inflammation, being the most abundant white blood cell type in circulation and they quickly initiate an immune response through chemokine signaling. Inflammatory chemokines signal via their receptor CXCR2, which initiates an inflammatory response, recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Chemokine signaling is important for proper host protection, yet uncontrolled activity is responsible for a variety of pathological conditions: including rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arteriosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergic reactions.
In this report I show a CXCR2 macromolecular signaling complex exists in neutrophils, containing NHERF1 and PLCβ2. I also demonstrate …
The Role Of Uracil-Dna Glycosylase And Folate In The Repair Of Dna, Sarah Talal Dubaisi
The Role Of Uracil-Dna Glycosylase And Folate In The Repair Of Dna, Sarah Talal Dubaisi
Wayne State University Theses
Abstract
Role of Uracil DNA-Glycosylase and Folate
In the Repair of Oxidative Damage
By
Sarah Dubaisi
May2012
Advisor: Dr. Diane Cabelof
Major: Nutrition and Food Science
Degree: Masters of Science
The impact of DNA damage on genomic integrity has been widely investigated due to its association with cancer and ageing. DNA repair pathways play a critical role in preserving the genomic integrity and protecting the cells against DNA damage caused by oxidative stress and folate deficiency. Base Excision Repair (BER) is one of the major pathways involved in the cellular response to DNA damage, primarily the damage caused by oxidative …
The Use Of Metabolomics To Investigate Biomarker Profiles As Potential Early Risk Factors For Development Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Jennelle Lynn Arnew (Getty)
The Use Of Metabolomics To Investigate Biomarker Profiles As Potential Early Risk Factors For Development Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Jennelle Lynn Arnew (Getty)
Wayne State University Theses
ABSTRACT
THE USE OF METABOLOMICS TO INVESTIGATE BIOMARKERS PROFILES AS POTENTIAL EARLY RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE II DIABETES
by
JENNELLE ARNEW
MAY 2012
Advisor: Dr. Smiti Gupta
Major: Nutrition and Food Science
Degree: Masters of Science
Type 2 Diabetes affects an estimated 17.5 million individuals in the United States and is considered to be one of the most pressing public health issues of our time. To date, the exact cause of type 2 diabetes remains unclear, however, it is considered to be an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Emerging technologies for metabolomics analysis increases the capacity to …
Football Helmet Fitment And Its Effect On Helmet Performance, Ron Jadischke
Football Helmet Fitment And Its Effect On Helmet Performance, Ron Jadischke
Wayne State University Theses
A method and system to objectively quantify helmet fitment was designed and developed. It measures the pressure between the energy-absorbing material in the helmet and the athlete's head. This system is also capable of measuring surface pressure during impact events. A volunteer-based field study was conducted to quantify how helmets were fitting athletes in a real-life setting. The helmets fit athletes in varying degrees of tightness and evenness. Most athletes (59%) had the highest pressures in the frontal area and 29% had the highest pressure in the occipital area. A large-sized helmet on the Hybrid III headform represented how most …
Contact Pressure Distribution Of Osteochondral Defects Of The Knee: Effects Of Non-Vertical Walls, Scott Ensminger
Contact Pressure Distribution Of Osteochondral Defects Of The Knee: Effects Of Non-Vertical Walls, Scott Ensminger
Wayne State University Theses
Purpose: To examine the relationship between well-shouldered osteochondral defects and
defects of different geometries by studying their effects on rim stress concentration and
load redistribution in the human knee.
Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were mounted at 30° of flexion in a materials
testing machine. Digital electronic pressure sensors were placed in the medial and lateral
compartments of the knee. Dynamic pressure readings were recorded throughout the
loading and holding phases as each knee was loaded to 700N and held for 5 seconds.
Artificial defects were created in each knee to simulate well-shouldered defects and
beveled-defects. Loading was repeated for …
The Prdm Gene Apoptix Antagonizes Programmed Cell Death In Tribolium, Zahabiya Husain
The Prdm Gene Apoptix Antagonizes Programmed Cell Death In Tribolium, Zahabiya Husain
Wayne State University Theses
Previous studies in holometabolous insects have shown that programmed and cell proliferation play important roles in insect metamorphosis. To elucidate the function of the newly identified Tribolium Prdm gene Apoptix (Apox) I performed a detailed analysis of Apox knockdown effects in the embryo, the pupa and the adult eye. My results revealed that Apox is required for the survival of retinal tissue after onset of differentiation and also generally in tissues which experience high amounts of proliferation and differentiation during pupal development. Further, combinatorial knockdown of Apox and initiator caspases produced evidence that Apox specifically protects from programmed cell death …
Pax6 Is Required For The Development Of The Lateral Procephalon In Tribolium, Qing Luan
Pax6 Is Required For The Development Of The Lateral Procephalon In Tribolium, Qing Luan
Wayne State University Theses
In Tribolium, combinatorial knockdown of the Pax6 orthologs eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) affects the peripheral visual system but also other areas of the dorsal larval head capsule. To elucidate the role of Pax6 genes during Tribolium embryonic head development in detail, we performed an extensive analysis of cuticle
elements, brain anatomy, embryonic head morphogenesis and developmental marker gene expression. Our results reveal that Pax6 is required for the development of a large contiguous area of the lateral anterior head, morphologically addressed as the embryonic head lobes, which encompass the neuroectodermal precursor tissues of the visual system, parts …
Investigating The Glutamine-Trna (Glutamine) Synthesis Appartus Of The Human Pathogen Helicobacter Pylori, Nilesh Joshi
Investigating The Glutamine-Trna (Glutamine) Synthesis Appartus Of The Human Pathogen Helicobacter Pylori, Nilesh Joshi
Wayne State University Theses
INVESTIGATING THE GLUTAMINE-TRNA (GLUTAMINE) SYNTHESIS APPARTUS OF THE HUMAN PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI
by
NILESH JOSHI
August 2012
Advisor: Tamara L. Hendrickson
Major: Chemistry
Degree: Master of Science
Accurate protein biosynthesis is a vital process to all cellular life. Aminoacyl-tRNAs are at the heart of this process: A correctly formed aminoacyl-tRNA is critical for protein biosynthesis. Organisms have evolved many mechanisms to repair misacylated tRNAs before they cause errors in protein biosynthesis, thus maintaining the integrity of the genetic code. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) synthesizes Glu-tRNAGln as an intermediate to producing Gln-tRNAGln. This misacylated intermediate could cause lethal …
Purification Of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors From Grape Extract, Gayle M. Shipp
Purification Of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors From Grape Extract, Gayle M. Shipp
Wayne State University Theses
ABSTRACT
PURIFICATION OF ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS FROM GRAPE EXTRACT
by
GAYLE SHIPP
August 2012
Advisor: Dr. Kevin Zhou
Major: Nutrition and Food Science
Degree: Master of Science
Diabetes and its complications are steadily growing and remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Intestinal á-glucosidases play a crucial role in controlling postprandial blood glucose. For this reason, one attractive prevention and/or treatment strategy for type-2 diabetes is the inhibition of á-glucosidase. The effectiveness of á-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI's) for diabetes treatment is well documented in numerous animal and human clinical studies. Grape pomace extract (GPE) has recently found in our …
Psychological And Physiological Responses Of Males Viewing Same Gender Advertisements, Phil Dittmer
Psychological And Physiological Responses Of Males Viewing Same Gender Advertisements, Phil Dittmer
Wayne State University Theses
Body image has been a well established research topic in the field of sport and exercise psychology. However, most of the literature focuses on female body image and ignores male body image. It has been established by current literature that men react the same way as females when presented with pictures of the ideal body of the same sex; a negative body image affect. However, it is unknown in both females and males if this negative body image affect is a strong enough response to elicit a physiological stress response. This master's thesis serves as an explorative project to bridge …
The Effects Of Oil Palm Phenolics On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Relation To Amyloid Beta Plaques In Fad-Mutant And Wild Type B103 Cells, Lindsay Michelle Godsey
The Effects Of Oil Palm Phenolics On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Relation To Amyloid Beta Plaques In Fad-Mutant And Wild Type B103 Cells, Lindsay Michelle Godsey
Wayne State University Theses
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 35.6 million people in the world today (35). It is expected that by year 2050, an individual will develop AD every 33 seconds (8). Unfortunately, the etiology is not well known. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) occurs due to specific genetic mutations, making it possible to replicate them in cells. Using B103 rat neuroblastoma cells transfected with a cDNA construct, wild type cells and FAD mutant cells were used in this research.
Natural ingredients such as oil palm phenolics (OPP) contain antioxidants. After finding the optimal experimental parameters, OPP was found to aid in the destabilization …
The Spliceosomal Protein Prp8 Stabilizes A Compact Conformation Of The U2-U6 Complex, Subasinghe Appuhamilage Lemintha Imali Subasinghe
The Spliceosomal Protein Prp8 Stabilizes A Compact Conformation Of The U2-U6 Complex, Subasinghe Appuhamilage Lemintha Imali Subasinghe
Wayne State University Theses
The spliceosome is a large, RNA-protein complex that catalyzes pre-mRNA splicing during mRNA maturation. The RNA components (small nuclear RNA; snRNAs) of the spliceosome have been well studied and are believed to be involved in the splicing catalysis. Although proteins are essential for splicing, they may not be directly involved in catalysis. Among hundreds of proteins, Prp8 is the only protein that interacts with all of the catalytically important snRNAs. Therefore, it is hypothesized that Prp8 may catalyze splicing either by directly participating in catalysis or by stabilizing the conformation of the catalytically active spliceosome. In order to test whether …
Characterization Of Poly (Rc) Binding Protein (Pcbp2) And Frataxin, Sudipa Ghimire-Rijal
Characterization Of Poly (Rc) Binding Protein (Pcbp2) And Frataxin, Sudipa Ghimire-Rijal
Wayne State University Theses
Iron is a micronutrient that acts as a cofactor in many prosthetic groups involving itself in almost every biological process. Iron is the key component in our body fluid, flowing in our veins all the time. Iron deficiency disorders affects more than 9 million people worldwide. Similarly, a high level of iron is associated with various disorders which suggest that in order for body to function properly level of iron should be tightly regulated. Many iron binding proteins help in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis by keeping iron in reduced form.
Working on the hypothesis that Poly (rC) Binding Protein family …
The Role Of Zip Superfamily Of Metal Transporters In Chronic Diseases, Purification & Characterization Of A Bacterial Zip Transporter: Zupt., Iryna King
Wayne State University Theses
In mammals zinc is the second most abundant essential trace metal. Since Zn2 is a small, hydrophilic, and a highly charged ion, it cannot be transported across the plasma or intracellular organelle membrane by passive diffusion. Different types of cells require a different constant concentration of zinc at all times. Presence of excess free Zn ions can be toxic to the cell. All cells must have tightly regulated homeostatic mechanisms in order to preserve healthy levels and proper compartmentalization of zinc. This is accomplished through the actions of specialized proteins that facilitate zinc uptake, efflux and compartmentalization. If the …
Novel Inhibitors Of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 As Epigenetic Modulators, Michael Crowley
Novel Inhibitors Of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 As Epigenetic Modulators, Michael Crowley
Wayne State University Theses
The recently discovered enzyme lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in the epigenetic control of gene expression, and aberrant gene silencing secondary to LSD1 over expression is thought to contribute to the development of cancer. We recently reported a series of (bis)guanidines and (bis)biguanides that are potent inhibitors of LSD1, and induce the re-expression of aberrantly silenced tumor suppressor genes in tumor cells in vitro. We now report a new series of isosteres that are also potent inhibitors of LSD1. These compounds induce increases in methylation at the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) chromatin mark, a specific target …
The Role Of Mitochondria In The Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect In Human Lymphoblastoid Cells, Sountharia Rajendran
The Role Of Mitochondria In The Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect In Human Lymphoblastoid Cells, Sountharia Rajendran
Wayne State University Theses
This work evaluated the radiation-induced bystander effect in mitochondrial mutant cells and in normal cells treated with mitochondrial inhibitors. Although much research has been performed on the bystander effect, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Cells without intact mitochondrial DNA have been shown to lack the bystander effect, which is an energy-dependent process. Based on these findings, cells harboring mutations in the mitochondrial genes responsible for ATP synthesis, and normal cells treated with mitochondrial inhibitors, were hypothesized to show a decreased bystander effect when compared to normal cells that were not treated with the mitochondrial inhibitors.
Radiation-induced bystander effects …
The Roles Of Rhle And Hfq In Srna-Dependent Gene Regulation, Abeykoon Jayalath Iresha Sandeepanie Rathnayake
The Roles Of Rhle And Hfq In Srna-Dependent Gene Regulation, Abeykoon Jayalath Iresha Sandeepanie Rathnayake
Wayne State University Theses
THE ROLES OF RHLE AND HFQ IN SRNA-DEPENDENT GENE REGULATION
by
ABEYKOON JAYALATH IRESHA SANDEEPANIE RATHNAYAKE
DECEMBER 2010
Advisor: Dr. Andrew Feig
Major: Chemistry
Degree: Master of Science
Bacteria are adapted to live in diverse environmental conditions. Thus, they show excellent tolerance and response to extreme environmental conditions caused by low or high temperatures, high salinity, reactive oxygen species or high nutrient concentrations. sRNAs have been identified and characterized as cis-acting or trans-acting post-transcriptional regulators in diverse cellular processes including virulence and adaptation to environmental stress (11,12,14,15). Interactions of sRNAs and target mRNAs result in translational repression, translational activation or/and …
Identification Of Deletion Mutants Of Inositol Kinases And Phosphatases Hypersensitive To Valproate, W-Mudiyanselage Manoj Senaka Bandara
Identification Of Deletion Mutants Of Inositol Kinases And Phosphatases Hypersensitive To Valproate, W-Mudiyanselage Manoj Senaka Bandara
Wayne State University Theses
ABSTRACT
IDENTIFICATION OF DELETION MUTANTS OF INOSITOL KINASES AND PHOSPHATASES HYPERSENSITIVE TO VALPROATE
by
WELLEWATTA MUDIYANSELAGE MANOJ SENAKA BANDARA
MAY 2010
Advisor: Dr. Miriam Greenberg
Major: Biological Sciences
Degree: Master of Science
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness affecting at least 1% of the world population. BD is ranked as the sixth greatest cause of death or disability globally. The cause of BD is unknown. Although the anticonvulsant valproate (VPA) is widely used as a mood stabilizer to treat BD, VPA is not completely effective and causes numerous side effects. Hence, it is important to develop more effective …
Effect Of Exogenous Leptin On Thrombotic And Metabolic Profiles Of Fvb/B6 Lipodystrophic Mice, Hoda Chaouki Kadouh
Effect Of Exogenous Leptin On Thrombotic And Metabolic Profiles Of Fvb/B6 Lipodystrophic Mice, Hoda Chaouki Kadouh
Wayne State University Theses
Lipodystrophy caused by fat deficiency contributes to metabolic disease for which several treatment modalities have been implemented, with leptin therapy being the most effective to date. In addition to playing a role in energy homeostasis and metabolism, leptin was also shown to play a pro-thrombotic role in mice. This role was not examined in fatless mice, neither was thrombosis measured. The AZIP/F-1 (FVB) lipodystrophic mouse appeared to have a prolonged arterial occlusion time (p〈0.05) in a trial done in our lab, with clotting factors being normal. The present study was designed to observe the thrombotic and metabolic characteristics of fatless …