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Articles 4531 - 4560 of 5013

Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering

Accelerated Consolidation Of Soft Clays Using Wick Drains, J. R. Davie, M. R. Lewis, L. W. Young Jr. Jun 1988

Accelerated Consolidation Of Soft Clays Using Wick Drains, J. R. Davie, M. R. Lewis, L. W. Young Jr.

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of the New Istana for the Sultan of Brunei required that fill slopes up to 85 feet high be placed on very soft compressible floodplain soils. Wick drains installed in the soft sediments accelerated their consolidation and reduced long-term settlements. The consolidation also produced a strength increase in the soft soils that allowed the fill to be constructed without danger of a major base slip failure. Instrumentation installed in the floodplain soils provided data on excess porepressures built up during the fill placement, and on the resulting settlements. The measured porepressures and settlements were in good agreement with the …

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Advances In The Construction And Design Of Jet Grouting Methods In South America, Giorgio Guatteri, Joseph L. Kauschinger, Antonio C. Doria, Edward B. Perry Jun 1988

Advances In The Construction And Design Of Jet Grouting Methods In South America, Giorgio Guatteri, Joseph L. Kauschinger, Antonio C. Doria, Edward B. Perry

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a brief historical development of the two most popular jet grouting methods used in South America, namely, the chemical churning pile method (CCP) and jumbo jet grouting. Advantages and limitations of each procedure are cited. A brief discussion follows covering the history of CCP jet grouting in South America. Field trials performed to improve the design methodology and construction of CCP and jumbo jet grouted columns are presented. Finally, three case histories are presented to illustrate the use of jumbo jet grouting where limited head room exists, jet grouting in close proximity to pile supported structures, formation …

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Behaviour Of A Geogrid Reinforced Embankment Over Waste Material, P. Rimoldi, D. Cazzuffi, A. Pagotto Jun 1988

Behaviour Of A Geogrid Reinforced Embankment Over Waste Material, P. Rimoldi, D. Cazzuffi, A. Pagotto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper deals with the monitoring of a geogrid reinforced embankment, 5.0 m high and 600 m long, built to contain additional waste material in the municipal landfill in Modena (Northern Italy). The embankment was founded directly over the waste already placed in the landfill, consisting of' compressible and dishomogeneus material, varying from solid urban waste to muddy industrial material. The geotechnical parameters assumed to characterize the fill soil and the waste material of the foundation soil are described. The settlements of the embankment and the forces and strains in the geogrids were monitored from the beginning of the construction …

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Case Histories Of Foundations With Stone Columns, K. R. Dayte, M. R. Madhav Jun 1988

Case Histories Of Foundations With Stone Columns, K. R. Dayte, M. R. Madhav

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents case histories of performance of foundations where stone columns were provided, along with relevant data regarding structural systems, soil conditions, construction methods and field control criteria. A wide range of applications are included comprising stone columns for area treatment and stone column in small and large groups for isolated footings, pipe pedestals and bridge abutments. In some of the cases design load exceeded the estimated yield load over a part of the stone column length yet collapse did not occur because the soil stress around the stone column increased as more load was passed on to the …

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Compaction And Chemical Grouting For Drain Tunnels In Phoenix, T. J. Lyman, M. J. Robison, D. S. Lance Jun 1988

Compaction And Chemical Grouting For Drain Tunnels In Phoenix, T. J. Lyman, M. J. Robison, D. S. Lance

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground runs during ml.m.ng of the Papago Freeway Drain Tunnels posed significant potential risk to utilities, street pavement, and buildings located above and adjacent to one of the three tunnel alignments. Ground response to the larger ground runs resulted in open chimneys and settlement of the ground surface of up to several feet. Modifications to the tunneling machine included addition of poling plates and breasting boards. Further modification to the tunneling method included use of compaction grouting in conjunction with mining for the entire length of one tunnel alignment, and use of chemical grouting to prestabilize the ground surrounding the …

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Construction Of A Double Tunnel With Ground Windows, Helmut Meissner, Günter Borm Jun 1988

Construction Of A Double Tunnel With Ground Windows, Helmut Meissner, Günter Borm

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A double tunnel of 6.3 m height has been driven in loess underground of low friction and relatively large capillary cohesion. To attain a tunnel climate corresponding to natural underground conditions, earth windows were provided along the side walls of the tunnel. The portal was supported by steel profiles, anchors and a shotcrete layer. The stability of the retaining construction was ensured by two independent methods. A preexcavation of the tunnel was found to be necessary. The works were performed simultaneously with excavation of the hillside facing the portal. The tunnel lining consists of reinforced shotcrete. The bearing behaviour of …

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Deformation Behavior Of Wilford Hall Hospital Mat, Lawrence D. Johnson Jun 1988

Deformation Behavior Of Wilford Hall Hospital Mat, Lawrence D. Johnson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The vertical deformation behavior of the 3.5-ft thick mat supporting an 11-story addition to the Wilford Hall Hospital complex near San Antonio, Texas was investigated to determine the mode of deformation and to develop a procedure for estimating the effective stiffness of the foundation soil. The observed distortion pattern is dish-shaped and consistent with that of a plate on a semi-infinite elastic foundation. Measured displacements are consistent with displacements calculated by a plate on elastic foundation finite element program using effective elastic soil moduli between 2,943 and 4,000 kips /square foot and poisson's ratio 0.3. An equation was derived for …

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Demonstrating Borehole Drilling Accuracy At The Navajo Dam, Stephen J. Kravits, Hunter C. Harrel Jun 1988

Demonstrating Borehole Drilling Accuracy At The Navajo Dam, Stephen J. Kravits, Hunter C. Harrel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The U.S. Bureau of Mines recently demonstrated the accurate directional drilling of a near-horizontal borehole with the objective of intercepting a designated target. The project was conducted at the Navajo Dam for the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Reclamation's objective was to determine the feasibility of accurately drilling long near-horizontal boreholes, from the surface, in lieu of constructing a tunnel under an embankment dam from which shorter boreholes would be accurately drilled to control water seepage. As a result of the demonstrated drilling accuracy, the Bureau of Reclamation can consider the option of using …

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Design And Monitoring Of Earth Embankments Over Permafrost, S. Dufour, A. S. Judge, P. Lafleche Jun 1988

Design And Monitoring Of Earth Embankments Over Permafrost, S. Dufour, A. S. Judge, P. Lafleche

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

As the northern regions of Canada are developed, there is an increasing need to protect the fragile ecology as well as to maximize usage of local construction materials. The construction of earth dykes to retain liquid wastes is a common requirement in municipal and industrial developments. Frozen core earthfill dykes provide an effective technique to cut off seepage in cold permafrost areas (Sayles, 1984). The seepage of water through an unfrozen overburden or fractured bedrock foundation can occur and accelerate the thermal deterioration of an earth embankment. The development of the active layer during the summer reduces the dam's ability …

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Designing Geotextile Support For Submarine Power Cables, K. Y. C. Chung Jun 1988

Designing Geotextile Support For Submarine Power Cables, K. Y. C. Chung

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Six 36 cm diameter submarine pipe-cables were buried in a 1.2 km long, fabric-lined trench in the soft river mud under 17 m average water head across the Hudson River about 4.8 km north of the Newburgh Bridge, New York. This paper describes the design considerations based on geotechnical point of view of using geotextile to support submarine power cables.

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Distribution Of Contact Pressure And Stresses Under Skirted Footings, M. L. Ohri, A. Singh, G. R. Chowdhary Jun 1988

Distribution Of Contact Pressure And Stresses Under Skirted Footings, M. L. Ohri, A. Singh, G. R. Chowdhary

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Skirted footings posses many novel characteristics which render them eminently suitable for construction of structures in situations involving heavy loads and poor soil conditions with promise of economy. The results of the present investigations will help considerably to understand a detailed picture of the complex phenomenon of contact pressure distribution and vertical stress distribution in soil under skirted footings.

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Drainage Walling As Excavation Support, Bernhard Wietek Jun 1988

Drainage Walling As Excavation Support, Bernhard Wietek

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In practice there are different processes which are used to support excavations and to maintain the groundwater level in excavations which go down to this level. In urban areas the diaphragm wall is frequently used to protect the excavation and as underground water packing against groundwater flowing in from the side. In addition, the lowering of groundwater is necessary using a well point within the excavation. A new foundation trench sheeting has been developed by the author of this paper. This new method is an improvement on the diaphragm wall by which not only is the earth shored up, but …

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Dynamic Compaction – An Unusual Application, Byongmu Song, Michel Gambin Jun 1988

Dynamic Compaction – An Unusual Application, Byongmu Song, Michel Gambin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The site for the U.S. Air Force 750-bed medical contingency complex which is located approximately 10 miles west of Pusan, Korea is geotechnically adverse. Approximately 30 feet of saturated loose fine sand overlies about 180 feet of Pleistocene fluvial and marine sediments. The upper 90 feet of Pleistocene sediments are in a state of under-consolidation, and moisture contents are generally higher than the liquid limits with SPT N values of about three. 30 feet of loose sand was densified by dynamic compaction and the test results indicated that foundation performance satisfied the contract specifications. A considerable economy, in both cost …

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Effectiveness Of Sand Drains In Peaty Soil In A Case Of Differential Settlement Recovering, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli Jun 1988

Effectiveness Of Sand Drains In Peaty Soil In A Case Of Differential Settlement Recovering, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The result obtained in a case history of differential settlement recovery are reported. The effectiveness of sand drains in peaty soil is questioned. The importance and the mutual influence of the primary and secondary settlement are discussed. Remarks are made on the value of secondary settlement coefficient.

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Effects Of Collapse Settlement Of Fill On Reinforced Earth Walls, G. E. Blight Jun 1988

Effects Of Collapse Settlement Of Fill On Reinforced Earth Walls, G. E. Blight

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two case histories illustrate the effects that collapse settlement of the fill forming a Reinforced Earth wall can have on the structure. Pre-requisites for collapse settlement are inadequate compaction, compaction at too low a water content, or a combination of these. Collapse settlement occurs subsequently when the water content of the fill is increased by infiltration. The effects of collapse settlement identified in this paper are: (i) a temporary release of friction on the reinforcing strips with the result that the wall facing moves outwards; and (ii) relative settlement between the fill and the wall facing with the result that …

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Epoxy Resin Grout System For Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, A. V. Shroff, D. P. Amin, D. L. Shah Jun 1988

Epoxy Resin Grout System For Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, A. V. Shroff, D. P. Amin, D. L. Shah

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Use of chemicals for foundation treatment and sealing of crack is of recent origin. The aim of this paper is to find time-viscosity and time-strength relationships of epoxy grout system for proper flow mechanism and strength interaction with rock collected from dam sites of India. The bonding mechanism of gel in the injected mass is explained with the help of Scanning electron microscopy and Infra-red spectroscopy. After trial field grouting the stratascopy has revealed better bonds of moist surface with flexibility to accommodate movement before bond or shear failure occurred and had lower volumetric shrinkage during curing.

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Evaluation Of The Effect Of Saturated Silty And Fine Sand Foundation Improved By Vibro-Flotation In Seismic Area, Wang Yuqing, Zhang Weiquan, Qiao Taiping Jun 1988

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Saturated Silty And Fine Sand Foundation Improved By Vibro-Flotation In Seismic Area, Wang Yuqing, Zhang Weiquan, Qiao Taiping

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The improvement of liquefaction foundations in seismic region has been concerning many engineers. The authors had carried out experimental studies on the improvement of saturated silty and fine sand foundations at the suburbs of Beijing by vibroflotation method. The test results are described and the improvement effects are evaluated in this paper.

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Experience In Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction And Preloading At Half Moon Bay – Saudi Arabia, N. Ghosh, M. M. Tabba Jun 1988

Experience In Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction And Preloading At Half Moon Bay – Saudi Arabia, N. Ghosh, M. M. Tabba

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground improvement techniques were used to meet the design requirements for a beach resort complex at Half Moon Bay on the Arabian Gulf. Extensive site exploration revealed upper layers consisting of loose to medium fine sand, having variable silt content. The original specification called for filling and ground improvement using Dynamic Compaction to achieve 100kN/m2 surface bearing capacity and 50% relative density at a depth of 10m. Dynamic Compaction (DC) and subsequent field testing, using full scale loading tests as well as CPT and SPT tests, proved that it was possible to achieve these requirements over most areas using …

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Field Measurement On A Slope Cutting With Tensile Inclusions, Tamotsu Matsui, Ka Ching San, Terumasa Amano, Yoshinori Otani Jun 1988

Field Measurement On A Slope Cutting With Tensile Inclusions, Tamotsu Matsui, Ka Ching San, Terumasa Amano, Yoshinori Otani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In a road widening project, tensile inclusions were used to stabilize some parts of cut slope works. The site condition and the construction of reinforced slope cutting are presented. A full scale field test on a reinforced cut slope was performed being incorporated with this road widening project. The field test consisted of a field loading test and a field excavation test. Details of the field test, field measurements and site observation are presented. Finite element analysis of the field test is performed. Based on the field measurements together with the analytical results, the reinforcement mechanism of a reinforced cut …

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Foundations On Stone Columns Resting On Coralline Limestone, K. S. A. Rahim, A. W. Dhowian Jun 1988

Foundations On Stone Columns Resting On Coralline Limestone, K. S. A. Rahim, A. W. Dhowian

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The subsoil conditions along the Red Sea coast in Saudi Arabia are complex due to existence of very thick beds of coralline limestone of recent geological origin. These coral beds are soft, porous and nonhomogeneous. They are often interspaced with large cavities and soft sandwiched layers of finer particles. Analysis of the subsoil conditions to a fifty meter depth based on data from deep boreholes, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), Quasi Static Cone Tests (DCT) and large size Plate Load Tests is presented. The strength and compressibility characteristics of the strata and the correlation factors for the SPT and DCT in …

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Geogrid Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall On Compressible Soils, R. L. Curtis, V. E. Chouery-Curtis, D. A. Miller Jun 1988

Geogrid Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall On Compressible Soils, R. L. Curtis, V. E. Chouery-Curtis, D. A. Miller

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A geogrid reinforced soil wall with a wrap-around facing system was successfully constructed on soft, compressible alluvial and residual soils. An originally designed 20-foot (6.1 m) high, reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall was not constructed because of the expected settlements induced by the wall and backfill. The geogrid reinforced wall was utilized because of its ability to withstand the estimated settlement and because it was considered less expensive than providing deep foundation support of a cantilever wall. This paper discusses the design, construction, and performance of the geogrid reinforced wall.

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Geotechnical Studies Of Foundation Of A Tilted Tank At Parikshatgarh, India, G. C. Nayak, B. Singh, P. K. Jain Jun 1988

Geotechnical Studies Of Foundation Of A Tilted Tank At Parikshatgarh, India, G. C. Nayak, B. Singh, P. K. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An overhead tank of 200 KL capacity and 9 m staging was constructed in year 1975 at the ancient historical site at Parikshatgarh, Meerut, India. The depth of foundation is 1.6 m and inner and outer diameters of annular raft is 6.8 m and 10.3 respectively. In year 1978, the overhead tank was observed to be tilted. Detailed geotechnical studies have been conducted in 1987 to find out the causes of tilting of the tank and tilts have been measured every month for last one year. It is interesting to note that in spite of severe tilt of 4.3 cm/meter …

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Impact Of Tunneling On Two Brick-Bearing-Wall Structures, Marco D. Boscardin Jun 1988

Impact Of Tunneling On Two Brick-Bearing-Wall Structures, Marco D. Boscardin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The responses or a pair or brick-bearing-wall structures to nearby construction or twin, shield driven 21-ft-diameter tunnels in soil are examined. Horizontal and vertical ground displacements are summarized and discussed, as well as, horizontal and vertical displacements, tilting, distortion, and damage sustained by the structures. Transient features or the developing settlement trough and effects on building response are also examined and discussed.

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Long Term Building Performance Over An Injected Subgrade, Ronald F. Reed, Paul Wright Jun 1988

Long Term Building Performance Over An Injected Subgrade, Ronald F. Reed, Paul Wright

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several foundation designs and stabilization methods are used with varying degrees of success to cope with the problem of expansive clays. Many of these methods are very expensive, therefore alternate technology that is both cost and performance effective has been developed. This paper presents a case history with pre- and post- stabilization test data for a 4-building project where pressure injection of lime and water was used to preswell weathered clay-shale to a depth of 10 feet. Use of pressure injection technology economically reduced post construction movements to 0.5 inches to 1.8 inches over a 7 year monitoring period. Movements …

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Oversteepened Slopes Reinforced With Tensar Geogrid, James E. Laier, Robert M. Mattox Jun 1988

Oversteepened Slopes Reinforced With Tensar Geogrid, James E. Laier, Robert M. Mattox

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes geotechnical design concepts used in developing 45-degree and 56-degree embankment slopes to meet strict stability criteria. Typical design sections are presented along with example stability computations to illustrate factors of safety developed under static and rapid drawdown conditions. This paper also discusses pertinent, site specific aspects of construction considered germane to successful, long term performance of oversteepened slopes at this site.

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Performance Of Lpg Storage Tanks On Ground Improved By Stone Columns, E. R. Farrell, T. L. L. Orr, T. O'Donovan Jun 1988

Performance Of Lpg Storage Tanks On Ground Improved By Stone Columns, E. R. Farrell, T. L. L. Orr, T. O'Donovan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the construction of four large tanks on poor soil conditions consisting of hydraulic fill placed over estuarine silt in Dublin port. The limited differential settlement that could be tolerated by the tanks required that they could not be placed on the existing ground. The optimum solution was found to be ground treatment using vibro-replacement with the formation of stone columns and compaction of the fill. The paper describes the design method used and the control tests. The predicted settlements are compared with settlement readings of the tanks following construction. These show that the chosen solution has performed …

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Performance Of Prefabricated Drains In Soft Soils, R. David Charles Jun 1988

Performance Of Prefabricated Drains In Soft Soils, R. David Charles

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation of soft soils has become a cost effective alternative to the use of pile foundations at many sites. This paper presents a case history of the use of vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation of 20 to 25 feet of low shear strength, highly compressible soils, under embankments of 12 to 25 feet in height. Two separate vertical drain installations at the project site allowed the use of a shallow foundation system for approximately one-half of the foundations. This resulted in a significant savings in foundation costs and allowed an ambitious …

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Progress In The Use Of Natm For The São Paulo Subway, T. B. Celestino, O. A. Ferrari, C. T. Mitsuse, L. C. Domingues Jun 1988

Progress In The Use Of Natm For The São Paulo Subway, T. B. Celestino, O. A. Ferrari, C. T. Mitsuse, L. C. Domingues

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The first time that the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) was used for underground works in the Sao Paulo Subway was in 1981. Since that time, significant progress has been achieved in successfully optimizing the support and lowering the construction costs. This paper will describe the latest experience of two single-track parallel tunnels excavated in 1986 through tertiary stiff clay. All the experience accumulated in previous jobs led to design improvements, such as (1) no steel ribs for support along 72% of the tunnels length (2) no temporary invert, and (3) no spiles, forepoles, soil grouting or any other type …

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Recent Examples Of Cut And Fill Reinforcement On A41-Highway In France, Trân Vô Nhiêm Jun 1988

Recent Examples Of Cut And Fill Reinforcement On A41-Highway In France, Trân Vô Nhiêm

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

At EVIRES PASS, between ANNECY and MONT BLANC in FRANCE, subsoil is made up of unstable clayey natural versants and marly bedrock affected by previous or current slidings. The problems encountered during the new A41-Highway construction were aggravated by the proximity of Road and Railway located on top of the same versant. The final Design consisted of succession of cuts and embankments with special soil reinforcement techniques to improve stability. So two existing unstable Railway embankments were promptly consolidated by "soil nailing" with driven steel dowel-piles which were either anchored or not. Two other high cuts in marls and sandstones …

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Reinforced Soil In The Repair Of Embankment And Cutting Slip Failures, James Paul Jun 1988

Reinforced Soil In The Repair Of Embankment And Cutting Slip Failures, James Paul

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper considers the causes of slips in embankments and cuttings and examines the traditional methods of repair and reinstatement. Reinforced soil solutions are examined and compared with the more traditional systems. Following consideration of the structure and properties of a polymer geogrid for use in reinforced soil applications, two case histories are presented. The first involves the repair of a cutting slip in overconsolidated clay in S.E. England. Both the design method and construction system are examined along with indications of relative costs. The second example is a slip in a highway embankment in Sweden where a reinforced soil …

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