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Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

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Notes From An ‘Intelligent Island’: Towards Strategic Knowledge Management In Singapore’S Small Business Sector, Thomas Menkhoff, Yue Wah Chay, Benjamin Loh Jan 2004

Notes From An ‘Intelligent Island’: Towards Strategic Knowledge Management In Singapore’S Small Business Sector, Thomas Menkhoff, Yue Wah Chay, Benjamin Loh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This essay outlines some of the benefits and challenges of implementing strategic knowledge management systems in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with reference to respective initiatives in the Republic of Singapore. The article addresses following research questions: What is knowledge management (KM) and why has it become an issue? How can SMEs benefit from strategic KM? What are the potential pitfalls of KM applications in small firms? What are the strategic imperatives of using KM in SMEs? Do small and large firms require different KM systems? What are the critical success factors which have to be considered during implementation? How …

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When Does An Idea Become An Innovation? The Role Of Individual And Group Creativity In Videogame Design, Feichin, Ted Tschang Jun 2003

When Does An Idea Become An Innovation? The Role Of Individual And Group Creativity In Videogame Design, Feichin, Ted Tschang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In between creativity studies of idea generation and knowledge management studies of the codification and transmission of knowledge are a fuller set of cognitive activities, including problem-solving and creative impulses. This paper examines the case of designers in the US videogame industry to develop a set of frames for determining how their ideas come about, how ideas are transformed in the process of product development, and when different models of organizing innovation are efficacious. It is found that different types of creativity are used in game design, that sometimes the individual is more influential, but that in many cases, the …

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China's Software Industry And Its Implications For India, Feichin, Ted Tschang Feb 2003

China's Software Industry And Its Implications For India, Feichin, Ted Tschang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The Chinese software industry is small and underdeveloped, compared with its computer and other information technology (IT) hardware industry and compared with India’s software industry. Yet, current status is not necessarily a good guide to future prospects, as China’s recent history amply demonstrates. An important difference between the Chinese and Indian software sectors is the former’s close links to domestic users, notably industrial and commercial users. This has fostered intensive learning in the area of product development for a large and rapidly growing domestic market. India’s software sector, lacking such a dynamic domestic user sector until very recently, has thrived …

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Developmental Financial Institutions As Technology Policy Instruments: Implications For Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Emerging Economies, Gerard George, Ganesh N. Prabhu Jan 2003

Developmental Financial Institutions As Technology Policy Instruments: Implications For Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Emerging Economies, Gerard George, Ganesh N. Prabhu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Developmental financial institutions (DFIs) in emerging economies regularly assess new technology platforms to support their investments in new ventures, established firms, and technology institutions (TIs). Their financing decisions are guided by national priorities such as achieving technological self-reliance. By providing attractive financing options and related support, DFIs are well placed to consciously channel finance into designated priority technology areas. To better understand DFI roles, we conducted multiple interviews with participants affiliated with DFIs, firms and TIs in India. From data gathered from these interviews and secondary data on DFIs in emerging economies, we develop a preliminary framework to suggest that …

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The Effects Of Business-University Alliances On Innovative Output And Financial Performance: A Study Of Publicly Traded Biotechnology Companies, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra, D. Robley Wood Oct 2002

The Effects Of Business-University Alliances On Innovative Output And Financial Performance: A Study Of Publicly Traded Biotechnology Companies, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra, D. Robley Wood

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Companies in the biotechnology industry face major challenges in developing and commercializing new products. Focusing on publicly traded biotechnology firms that are not members of university incubators or research parks, this paper argues that the links these companies develop with universities can have beneficial effects on a company's operations. Analysis of 2457 alliances undertaken by 147 biotechnology firms shows that companies with university linkages have lower research and development (R&D) expenses while having higher levels of innovative output. However, the results do not support the proposition that companies with university linkages achieve higher financial performance than similar firms without such …

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Culture And Its Consequences For Entrepreneurship, Gerard George, Shaker A Zahra Jul 2002

Culture And Its Consequences For Entrepreneurship, Gerard George, Shaker A Zahra

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This special issue of the Journal "Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice" focuses on the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship. It adopts a broad definition of both culture and entrepreneurship. Culture is used to refer to the enduring set of values of a nation, a region, or an organization. Entrepreneurship is defined as the act and process by which societies, regions, organizations, or individuals identify and pursue business opportunities to create wealth. The articles in this special issue highlight opportunities for future research, both theoretical and empirical. These studies offer a preliminary roadmap for conducting influential and insightful research that can enrich …

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Technology Selection And Commitment In New Product Development: The Role Of Uncertainty And Design Flexibility, V. Krishnan, Shantanu Bhattacharya Mar 2002

Technology Selection And Commitment In New Product Development: The Role Of Uncertainty And Design Flexibility, V. Krishnan, Shantanu Bhattacharya

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Selecting the right technologies to incorporate in new products is a particularly challenging aspect of new product definition and development. While newer advanced technologies may offer improved performance, they also make the product development process more risky and challenging. In this paper, we focus on the problem of technology selection and commitment under uncertainty, a major challenge to firms in turbulent environments. We argue that the ''pizza-bin'' approach of rejecting prospective technologies outright may not serve firms well when the pressure to differentiate products is enormous. After motivating the challenges and decisions facing firms using a real-life application from Dell …

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Scaling Up Information Services For Development: A Framework Of Increasing Returns For Telecenters, Ted Tschang, Mathurot Chuladul, Thuy Thu Le Jan 2002

Scaling Up Information Services For Development: A Framework Of Increasing Returns For Telecenters, Ted Tschang, Mathurot Chuladul, Thuy Thu Le

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Telecentres are an important type of information and communication technology (ICT) system particularly assisting rural and urban communities in developing countries, but the focus is often put on social development, sometimes on static economic returns, and rarely on dynamic economic aspects. This paper develops a basis for understanding the factors behind financial success in a dynamic setting based on the concept of increasing returns. This is applied to telecentres according to the stage of maturity of their information services. The framework is illustrated with literature- and interview-based cases, and will help an understanding of ways in which telecentres can scale-up …

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The Effects Of Alliance Portfolio Characteristics And Absorptive Capacity On Performance: A Study Of Biotechnology Firms, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra, Kathleen K. Wheatley, Raihan Khan Sep 2001

The Effects Of Alliance Portfolio Characteristics And Absorptive Capacity On Performance: A Study Of Biotechnology Firms, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra, Kathleen K. Wheatley, Raihan Khan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In many high technology industries, strategic alliances have become important for improving a firm's financial performance by providing knowledge that can be used to develop the capabilities needed to introduce new products. Therefore, researchers have examined those characteristics of alliances that can contribute to the performance of high technology companies. There is agreement that the structure and knowledge flows within alliances can affect a firm's innovativeness. However, to date, researchers have studied alliances as individual events or transactions, failing to recognize their synergistic effects as a coherent portfolio. Viewing alliances as a portfolio of strategic agreements, we suggest that portfolio …

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Technology Transfer Into China: Preparing For A New Era, Arnoud De Meyer Apr 2001

Technology Transfer Into China: Preparing For A New Era, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Currently, there are three forces creating a more favourable background for western multinational companies to do new business in China by transferring new technology. First, growing overcapacity means China requires not traditional turnkey factories, but instead, technology which leads to innovation and improvement. Second, a changing attitude by all levels of Chinese government to demanding state-of-the-art technology including software instead of previous generation technology, and to technology management and commercial implementation more. Third, intellectual property rights are becoming better respected. The author makes suggestions to best manage technology transfer into China, with this changed background. Based on six case studies …

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Information And Communication Technology And Poverty: An Asian Perspective, M. G. Quibria, Feichin, Ted Tschang Jan 2001

Information And Communication Technology And Poverty: An Asian Perspective, M. G. Quibria, Feichin, Ted Tschang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Many commentators have extolled the virtues of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in reducing poverty and improving the quality of life. While such arguments have been used before in relation to many predecessor technologies, including other earlier communications technologies, the promise has often floundered. This paper attempts to provide a more balanced analysis of the question, by exploring the linkages between the new ICTs and poverty reduction. It examines the linkages in two ways: the potential for direct impacts of ICTs on various areas of poverty and development, and the indirect impacts of ICTs on economic growth, exports and …

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The Implications Of The Knowledge Economy For Venture Promotion Policies, Teck Meng Tan, Wee Liang Tan Jan 2000

The Implications Of The Knowledge Economy For Venture Promotion Policies, Teck Meng Tan, Wee Liang Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The advent of the knowledge economy brings with it needed new public policy initiatives on the part of governments desiring to ensure that enterprises in their economies are able to participate and excel in this new arena. The knowledge economy brings with it opportunities for new ventures as it embroils the global economy in a revolution where information technology is a pervasive and enabling force; where knowledge is the critical asset. This paper explores the implications this revolution for small and medium-sized enterprises and suggests policy initiatives that would assist in promoting ventures for this brave new world.

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Manufacturing Strategy And New Venture Performance: A Comparison Of Independent And Corporate Ventures In The Biotechnology Industry, Shaker A. Zahra, Gerard George Sep 1999

Manufacturing Strategy And New Venture Performance: A Comparison Of Independent And Corporate Ventures In The Biotechnology Industry, Shaker A. Zahra, Gerard George

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Little empirical research has compared the manufacturing strategies of corporate and independent new ventures. This study explores these differences with data from the young, science-based biotechnology industry, and examines the performance effects of manufacturing strategy variables including scope, competitive thrust, and capabilities. The results show that the corporate and independent biotechnology new ventures pursue significantly different manufacturing strategies, and that different dimensions of manufacturing strategies affect the performance of corporate vs. independent ventures quite differently.

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A Simultaneous Model For Innovative Product Category Sales Diffusion And Competitive Dynamics, Namwoon Kim, Ellen Bridges, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava Jun 1999

A Simultaneous Model For Innovative Product Category Sales Diffusion And Competitive Dynamics, Namwoon Kim, Ellen Bridges, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Diffusion of innovation has been the focus of an entire stream of research in marketing, and firm entry and exit decisions have been investigated by marketers, strategists, and economists. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between changing demand and the entry and exit behaviors of competitors in the marketplace. Understanding this relationship is essential in making resource commitments, as profitability of options depends not only on the size and growth of the market, but also on the number of competitors likely to be encountered. This is particularly important in innovative markets, where changes occur rapidly and one …

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Inventory Reduction And Productivity Growth: Linkages In The Japanese Automotive Industry, Marvin B. Lieberman, Lieven Demeester Mar 1999

Inventory Reduction And Productivity Growth: Linkages In The Japanese Automotive Industry, Marvin B. Lieberman, Lieven Demeester

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The literature on JIT production suggests a causal link between work-in-progress inventory and manufacturing productivity. Such a connection has been described in numerous case studies but never tested statistically. Historical data for 52 Japanese automotive companies are used to evaluate the inventory-productivity relationship. It is found that firms increased their productivity rank during periods of substantial inventory reduction. More detailed tests suggest that inventory reductions stimulated gains in productivity. On average, each 10% reduction in inventory led to about a 1% gain in labor productivity, with a lag of about one year. Such effects were more immediate for Toyota affiliates, …

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Market Orientation And Organizational Performance: Is Innovation A Missing Link?, Jin K. Han, Namwoon Kim, Rajendra K. Srivastava Oct 1998

Market Orientation And Organizational Performance: Is Innovation A Missing Link?, Jin K. Han, Namwoon Kim, Rajendra K. Srivastava

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In recent years, a market-oriented corporate culture increasingly has been considered a key element of superior corporate performance. Although organizational innovativeness is believed to be a potential mediator of this market orientation - corporate performance relationship, much of the evidence to date remains anecdotal or speculative. In this context, a systematic framework is presented to test the postulated market orientation-innovation-performance chain. To this end, the direct causality assumption of market orientation on organizational performance is examined with Narver and Slater's (1990) market orientation framework. Moreover, a componentwise approach is taken, and an examination is conducted of how the 3 core …

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Market Orientation And Organizational Performance: Is Innovation A Missing Link?, Jin K. Han, Namwoon Kim, Rajendra K. Srivastava Oct 1998

Market Orientation And Organizational Performance: Is Innovation A Missing Link?, Jin K. Han, Namwoon Kim, Rajendra K. Srivastava

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In recent years, a market-oriented corporate culture increasingly has been considered a key element of superior corporate performance. Although organizational innovativeness is believed to be a potential mediator of this market orientation-corporate performance relationship, much of the evidence to date remains anecdotal or speculative. In this context, the authors present a systematic framework to test the postulated "market orientation-innovation-performance" chain. To this end, the direct causality assumption of market orientation on organizational performance is examined with Narver and Slater's (1990) market orientation framework. Moreover, the authors take a componentwise approach and examine how the three core components of market orientation …

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Reducing Cycle Time At An Ibm Wafer Fabrication Facility, Lieven Demeester, Christopher S. Tang Mar 1996

Reducing Cycle Time At An Ibm Wafer Fabrication Facility, Lieven Demeester, Christopher S. Tang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In 1991, IBM San Jose decided to produce and sell magnetic heads for computer disk drives on the open market to original equipment manufacturers. However, as IBM's wafer fabrication facility increased the number of products it manufactured, its manufacturing cycle time lengthened. Since cycle time is important in competing in the open market, IBM San Jose formed a study team (in cooperation with UCLA) to examine the wafer fab and to develop ways to reduce cycle time. The team designed a new production control system and proposed new performance measures for operators and engineers. IBM implemented the new production control …

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R&D/Marketing Communication During The Fuzzy Front-End, Rudy K. Moenaert, Arnoud De Meyer, William E. Souder, Dirk Deschoolmeester Jan 1995

R&D/Marketing Communication During The Fuzzy Front-End, Rudy K. Moenaert, Arnoud De Meyer, William E. Souder, Dirk Deschoolmeester

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The planning stage of an innovation project has a great effect on the commercial performance of the project. During the "fuzzy front-end", the organization formulates a concept of the product to be developed, and determines whether or not the organization will invest resources in the concrete development of the idea. The integration of R&D and marketing activities is a necessary condition for success in innovation projects. The research question of this study is: from an information processing perspective, what role does information transfer play in integrating R&D and marketing functions during the planning stage, and what effects do project formalization …

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R&D-Marketing Integration Mechanisms, Communication Flows, And Innovation Success, Rudy K. Moenaert, William E. Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, Dirk Deschoolmeester Jan 1994

R&D-Marketing Integration Mechanisms, Communication Flows, And Innovation Success, Rudy K. Moenaert, William E. Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, Dirk Deschoolmeester

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors report the results of their study of forty technologically innovative Belgian companies to examine the interaction between marketing and R&D. They studied one commercially successful and one commercially unsuccessful technological product innovation project in each participating company and collected data from one marketing and one R&D respondent per project. Communication flows between marketing and R&D are increased under conditions involving formalization of projects, decentralization, positive inter-functional climate, and role flexibility.

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Internationalisation Of R&D Improves A Firm's Technical Learning, Arnoud De Meyer Jul 1993

Internationalisation Of R&D Improves A Firm's Technical Learning, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Companies have been reluctant to internationalize the R&D function. The reasons for keeping R&D geographically centralized are mostly related to preserving optimal communication patterns. But market forces, and the diffusion of the sources of technological know-how, oblige many companies to decentralize and internationalize their R&D laboratories. How does one manage this international network of laboratories? The author takes the position that companies internationalize R&D to improve the process of technical learning. If this is the case, the management of the laboratory network has to stimulate this technical learning. On the basis of 14 case studies, five areas warrant attention: creating …

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The Manufacturing Contribution To Innovation, Arnoud De Meyer Oct 1991

The Manufacturing Contribution To Innovation, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The description of the contribution of manufacturing to the innovation process is often limited to the task of providing the necessary information to enable the development function to create a design which is easy to manufacture, and to be instrumental in the fast ramp-up of the production process. Though these are important tasks, it is argued in this paper that there is a third aspect of manufacturing’s contribution to innovation, namely the creation of a manufacturing system which is favorable to product innovation. This goes far beyond the design of an appropriate production process, but requires the creation of a …

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Managing Expert Systems: A Framework And Case Study, Rob R. Weitz, Arnoud De Meyer Sep 1990

Managing Expert Systems: A Framework And Case Study, Rob R. Weitz, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper addresses the problem of managing the development and implementation of a large expert system in an organization. A traditional systems analysis and design methodology is used as a framework to highlight similarities and differences in managing large scale traditional computer based projects and large expert systems. As a non-technical, prescriptive guide, this article focusses on defining at each stage in the project, the tasks to be accomplished, resources required, impact on the organization, likely benefits and potential problems. The case of a large expert system implemented by a multinational corporation across several European sites is used to clarify …

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Determination Of Adopter Categories By Using Innovation Diffusion Models, Vijay Mahajan, Eitan Muller, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava Feb 1990

Determination Of Adopter Categories By Using Innovation Diffusion Models, Vijay Mahajan, Eitan Muller, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Using the analytical logic underlying the classical adopter categorization approach proposed by Rogers, the authors suggest that adopter categories for a product innovation can also be developed by using their well-established diffusion models such as the Bass model. With data on 11 consumer durable products, they compare adopter categories generated by the classical approach and the Bass diffusion model, respectively. An application examining the diffusion of personal computers is documented to illustrate the usefulness of the adopter categorization based on the Bass diffusion model in studying differences among adopter categories.

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The Flow Of Technological Innovation In An R&D Department, Arnoud De Meyer Dec 1985

The Flow Of Technological Innovation In An R&D Department, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The flow of technological information, in particular the type of sources and transfer channels for technological information has been a focus of research interest since the very first studies concerning management of research and development. However, the results of these empirical studies, although encouraging and useful to managers, leave several questions unanswered, and even worse, contain some contradictions. In this paper we will try to explain some of these contradictions using the technology characteristics as a contingency factor. The model, which we will present has been tested in a twofold way: questionnaires were used to provide insight into the importance …

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A Technological Lifecycle Approach To The Organizational-Factors Determining Gatekeeper Activities, Arnoud De Meyer Oct 1984

A Technological Lifecycle Approach To The Organizational-Factors Determining Gatekeeper Activities, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The paper deals with the question whether gatekeepers arise spontaneously (non-hierarchical) or are created by administrative action (hierarchical). The author's approach to the problem relies on the use of a lifecycle model of an organisation devised by Utterback and Abernathy. They distinguish a product-innovation, a transitional and process- innovation (consolidation) phase in the development of an enterprise. The author's hypothesis is that gatekeepers can arise via either route depending on the phase in which enterprise is operating. In the earlier phases the author predicts that gatekeepers will either be absent or non-hierarchical (spontaneous) while in later phases they will be …

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