Political History Commons^™

Government Education Of The Indians, Eliza Alice Tefft

Student and Lippitt Prize essays

Overview of the U.S. Government’s failed and successful attempts to educate natives of the country.

President Hayes's Executive Order, 1880, Rutherford B. Hayes

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This Executive Order, issued by President Rutherford B. Hayes on July 13, 1880, significantly reduced the size of the Fort Berthold Reservation. Created at the behest of the Northern Pacific Railroad, this executive order resulted in a critical loss of Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara homelands, hunting grounds, and sacred sites.

Executive Order Of 1870, Ulysses S. Grant, George L. Hartstuff, Samuel A. Wainwright, Ely S. Parker, Jacob D. Cox

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This Executive Order, issued by President Ulysses S. Grant on April 12, 1870, established the Fort Berthold Reservation. In addition to Grant’s Executive Order, this document includes a series of letters, proposals, and endorsements for the creation of a reservation for the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara. Importantly, this document also contains the original map outlining the proposed boundaries and the president’s diagram which significantly reducing the size of the reservation.

Six Military And Patriotic Illustrated Songs. Elaborately Colored. In A Novel Form. Series No. 1., Charles Magnus, John F. Poole, W. J. Florence, George P. Holt, Daniel Decatur Emmett, Tony Pastor, Dan Bryant

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

This publication contains the lyrics to six songs, each accompanied by a color illustration, and an advertisement on the last page.

1. Our Grandfathers' Days

2. The Captain with his Whiskers

3. Want — A Substitute

4. Dixie's Land

5. Young American and ould Ireland

6. Kingdom Coming

Letter From James Harrison To James A. Seddon, December 23, 1864., James Harrison

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Harrison, colonel in the Confederate Army, suggests to the Confederate Secretary of War James Seddon the establishment of an alliance with Comanche Native Americans to disrupt United States trade and government routes in the West.

Receipt To C. Sareon For Loss Of His Slave, Hooker, To Employment In The Confederate Army, South Carolina. Columbia, February, 1864., South Carolina

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Instrument indicating Sareon received $1250 from S.C. for having Hooker, his slave, build military fortifications in the state.

Treaty Of Fort Laramie With The Sioux, Etc., 1851, David D. Mitchell, Thomas Fitzpatrick

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This treaty, signed on September 17, 1851, was an essential agreement between the United States government and representatives of the Lakota, Dakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations. In this treaty, the United States acknowledged that the area surveyed by the treaty was Indigenous land and recognized each nation's exclusive territorial rights over a portion defined by geographical boundaries. Equally, the tribes agreed that the US government had the right to establish roads and posts—military and other—within their territories. They also promised to abstain from hostilities against other tribes, pay for any wrongs committed by their people, …

The Past And The Present Condition, And The Destiny, Of The Colored Race, Henry Highland Garnet

Zea E-Books in American Studies

Henry Highland Garnet’s 1848 address to the Female Benevolent Society of Troy, New York, published that year, is an eloquent survey and reclaiming for the race of its share in the Western intellectual tradition. That the ancient Egyptians were Africans, that the Song of Solomon was addressed to an African woman, that the Ethiopians warriors were celebrated by Homer, that Moses’ wife was Ethiopian, that Hannibal, Terence, Euclid, Cyprian, Origen, and Augustine all were of African ancestry—these facts are adduced by Garnet to suggest both the heritage and the potential achievements of the Africans in America. Gar-net surveys the origin …

Slave Trade Ledger Of William James Smith, 1844-1854, William James Smith

Local History

This ledger meticulously details the prices paid and received for scores of human beings (as slaves; only first names are recorded), as well as the expenses incurred by Smith in undertaking this business venture, such as feeding, clothing, sheltering, and nursing the people he purchased and sold. The details of the book illustrate that Smith took several "trips" between 1844 and 1854 to buy and sell slaves: detailed records of purchases and sales of "Negroes" exist for all of the years between 1844 and 1854. The listing of expenses for the year of 1844 (the most complete account) indicate that …

Liquor License, Barnwell District, South Carolina, August 21, 1841., Barnwell District, South Carolina

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

In which the licensee, William Robertson Jr., swears to not "sell give exchange barter" liquor to any slaves. Signed by C.A. Scott.

Order To Pay Chu Walookee $7.50 From Public Funds For His Services, Endorsed By John Ross On Verso. August 23, 1834., John Ross, Richard Taylor, William Rogers

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Order to pay and authorization by John Ross for $7.50 of public funds be paid to Chuwalookee for his services. Dated August 23rd, 1834.

Walker’S Appeal, In Four Articles; Together With A Preamble, To The Coloured Citizens Of The World, … (Boston, 1830), David Walker, Paul Royster , Editor & Depositor

Zea E-Books in American Studies

Walker’s Appeal ... is a radical antislavery and antiracist manifesto by a free American of African ancestry. Its bold denunciation of European culture was unprecedented, unrestrained, and startling, viz.:

“The whites have always been an unjust, jealous, unmerciful, avaricious and blood-thirsty set of beings, always seeking after power and authority.”

Walker attacks the slave system and its rampant racism from the viewpoint of America’s allegiance to the idea of freedom; he quotes the Declaration of Independence at length, and strikes a recognizably jeremiad note:

“O Americans! Americans!! I call God—I call angels— I call men, to witness, that your destruction …

List Of Slaves, Including Their Ages, At Spring Garden Plantation, Florida, 1829., Spring Garden Plantation

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

This item is a list of over 80 "negroes" — slaves of African descent — at Spring Garden, a plantation in present-day DeLeon Springs State Park, Florida. The list notes the first names of slaves and their ages. Annotations indicate occupations and work assignments, family units, and if individuals were sent to Charleston or sold locally. The meaning of some annotations are unclear or at least not explicit, such as small circles next to females' names. Annotations indicate this list was used as reference more than once. One pair of twins is noted as are several infants. Reference to the …

History Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Captains Lewis And Clark...In Two Volumes (Volume 2), Abraham H. Inskeep

Osher Map Library Rare Books

Full title: History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the sources of the Missouri thence across the Rocky mountains and down the river Columbia to the Pacific Ocean performed during the years 1804-5-6 by order of the government of the United States prepared for the press by Paul Allen, Esquire in two volumes.

Volume two includes an appendix by Captain Lewis: Observations and reflections on the present and future state of Upper Louisiana in relation to the government of the Indian nations inhabiting that country, and the trade and intercourse with the same. Handwritten …

History Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Captains Lewis And Clark...In Two Volumes (Volume 1), Abraham H. Inskeep

Osher Map Library Rare Books

Full title: History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the sources of the Missouri thence across the Rocky mountains and down the river Columbia to the Pacific Ocean performed during the years 1804-5-6 by order of the government of the United States prepared for the press by Paul Allen, Esquire in two volumes.

Two volumes with preface by Thomas Jefferson recounting Meriweather Lewis's life and sudden death. Handwritten in volume one: "John Bird's Book, February 24th A.D. 1819 and the Commonwealth this forty second." Stamped in both volumes inside covers: "Clifton Matheny Monterey, VA."

Letter From Josiah Masters To John Reade About A Slave Man Named Dick He (Masters) Wishes To Sell. New York, 1796., Josiah Masters

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Masters writes to Reade that Dick "has been somewhat uneasy with me, the first cause [was] my separating his wench from him.

"The lowest price is one hundred pounds."

Addressed to Reade in Poughkeepsie, NY.