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Articles 31 - 60 of 206
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Self-Concept And Identity Development In Adolescents Pamphlet, Ernest M. Oleksy
Self-Concept And Identity Development In Adolescents Pamphlet, Ernest M. Oleksy
The Downtown Review
Parenting is difficult, but parenting an adolescent can be very trying for many parents. As adolescents spend more time with their peers in high school, the pressing questions of who they are and how they can fit in can become daunting and unanswerable. To support parents in their endeavors in supporting their children, this pamphlet provides a brief but thorough salvo into the current literature on identity development, self-concept, and personality as it pertains to adolescents. Furthermore, this pamphlet will provide resources and skill steps for parents to engage in so that they can help their children persist through their …
“A New Way Of Thinking”: Frantz Fanon’S True Opinion On Violence, Caroline D. Renko
“A New Way Of Thinking”: Frantz Fanon’S True Opinion On Violence, Caroline D. Renko
The Downtown Review
In an attempt to clear Frantz Fanon’s name, on account of his opinion on the role of violence in decolonizing a nation, this paper focuses on two important chapters in his last book, The Wretched of the Earth. By closely reading his articulation of the Algerian war and the wounds brought on by mental illness at such a time, Fanon’s true opinion concerning violence becomes clear. For too long, he has been seen and used as a proponent for inciting violence, but this is a misconception that has been perpetuated by devaluing the importance of his descriptions of the …
Evaluation Of The Problem Behavior Frequency Scale-Teacher Report Form For Assessing Behavior In A Sample Of Urban Adolescents, Albert D. Farrell, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Terri N. Sullivan, Erin L. Thompson
Evaluation Of The Problem Behavior Frequency Scale-Teacher Report Form For Assessing Behavior In A Sample Of Urban Adolescents, Albert D. Farrell, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Terri N. Sullivan, Erin L. Thompson
Psychology Faculty Publications
© 2018 American Psychological Association. This study evaluated the structure and validity of the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale-Teacher Report Form (PBFS-TR) for assessing students' frequency of specific forms of aggression and victimization, and positive behavior. Analyses were conducted on two waves of data from 727 students from two urban middle schools (Sample 1) who were rated by their teachers on the PBFS-TR and the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), and on data collected from 1,740 students from three urban middle schools (Sample 2) for whom data on both the teacher and student report version of the PBFS were obtained. Confirmatory …
Atheism And The Effects Of Mortality Salience And Limited Analytic Processing Ability On Religious Faith And Teleological Thinkin, Brett Jordan Waggoner
Atheism And The Effects Of Mortality Salience And Limited Analytic Processing Ability On Religious Faith And Teleological Thinkin, Brett Jordan Waggoner
ETD Archive
The scenario of the atheist in the proverbial foxhole has been a topic of discussion in religious circles for centuries. Building on prior research utilizing terror management theory (TMT), a dual process model of cognition, and previous work suggesting that humans are intuitively wired for teleological and religious concepts, the researchers set out to examine atheist’s religiosity when confronted with the reality of one’s impermanence. To explore this idea, the present experiment recruited a sample of atheists, manipulated their awareness of mortality, manipulated their ability to employ analytic thinking, and measured various intuitive cognitions (e.g., teleological reasoning) alongside religious belief. …
Generational Differences In The Workplace: The Influence Of Debt On Work Values And Job Satisfaction, Anna Skrybka
Generational Differences In The Workplace: The Influence Of Debt On Work Values And Job Satisfaction, Anna Skrybka
ETD Archive
Organizations are consistently, and increasingly, dealing with the changing of generations in the workplace with the introduction of Generation Y, the upcoming decline of Generation X, and the retirement of Baby Boomers. Due to the changing workforce, the purpose of this current research was to observe how debt, work values, specifically intrinsic (helping others, being able to be creative) versus extrinsic (money, status), and job satisfaction are changing among the employees as well. However, there are few to no studies that have looked at how the inclusion of debt (mortgage loans, car loans, credit card debt, school loans) is influencing …
Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice In Psychology, Radinka Jurosevic Samardzic
Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice In Psychology, Radinka Jurosevic Samardzic
ETD Archive
As a result of a fierce debate about the most important factors of effective therapy, the American Psychological Association (APA) defined Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology (EBPP) as “an approach to clinical practice which integrates best available research with clinical expertise in context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.” (APA, 2006, p. 273). Research suggests that positive attitudes toward EBPP are related to use of EBPP (Nelson & Steele, 2007). This study utilized a social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) framework to examine the relationships between counseling self-efficacy, research self-efficacy, past training experiences, knowledge of EBPP, and attitudes toward EBPP. The participants …
Does Posture Impact Affective Word Processing? Examining The Role Of Posture Across Adulthood In An Incidental Encoding Task, Lucas John Hamilton
Does Posture Impact Affective Word Processing? Examining The Role Of Posture Across Adulthood In An Incidental Encoding Task, Lucas John Hamilton
ETD Archive
Research in emotional aging has primarily investigated mechanisms that could explain the age-related increase in positive emotionality despite various age-related losses. Of particular note is the increasing importance of age-related positivity effects and underlying biological influences on affective processes. Despite evidence of weakened mind-body connectivity in older adulthood presented in the maturation dualism framework, research shows age-similarities in subjective and objective reactivity for certain negative emotional states across adulthood. Thus, robust physiological-experiential associations may still exist in later life. Investigations of integrated mind-body connectivity have lead researchers to examine the influence of posture on cognitive outcomes. Prior evidence has observed …
Career Decision-Making Difficulties Among Student Veterans, Lindsey Michalle Laveck
Career Decision-Making Difficulties Among Student Veterans, Lindsey Michalle Laveck
ETD Archive
Difficulties in career decision-making are among the most prevalent academic and vocational problems (Amir & Gati, 2006; Osipow, 1999; Tagay, 2014). Many college students, including Veterans, struggle with the decisions they must make within higher education and while transitioning between school and work (Mau, 2004). In recognizing career decision-making difficulties, it is imperative to focus on the student Veteran population, as cultural factors have an influence on one’s career development and career decision-making processes (Mau, 2004; Tagay, 2014). Additionally, military culture is little understood and additional exploration of unique military factors could lead to a better understanding of Veterans’ problems …
Recognition Memory Revisited: An Aging And Electrophysiological Investigation, Elliott C. Jardin
Recognition Memory Revisited: An Aging And Electrophysiological Investigation, Elliott C. Jardin
ETD Archive
This study provides a better understanding of contributing factors to age differences in human episodic memory. A recurrent finding in recognition memory is that older adults tend to have lower overall accuracy and tend to make fewer false-alarm errors in judging new items, relative miss errors (Coyne, Allen & Wickens, 1986; Danziger, 1980; Poon and Fozard 1980). Two possible causes for decline in these abilities include an age-related decrement in speed of processing (Salthouse 1991) and changes in information processing ability due to entropy (Allen, Kaufman, Smitch, & Propper 1998a; Mallik et al., in preparation). Additionally, age differences may be …
Recognition Memory Revisited: An Aging And Electrophysiological Investigation, Elliot C. Jardin
Recognition Memory Revisited: An Aging And Electrophysiological Investigation, Elliot C. Jardin
ETD Archive
This study provides a better understanding of contributing factors to age differences in human episodic memory. A recurrent finding in recognition memory is that older adults tend to have lower overall accuracy and tend to make fewer false-alarm errors in judging new items, relative miss errors (Coyne, Allen & Wickens, 1986; Danziger, 1980; Poon and Fozard 1980). Two possible causes for decline in these abilities include an age-related decrement in speed of processing (Salthouse 1991) and changes in information processing ability due to entropy (Allen, Kaufman, Smitch, & Propper 1998a; Mallik et al., in preparation). Additionally, age differences may be …
How Does Current Sex Education Perpetuate Rape Culture, Alec Deboard, Alyssa Williams
How Does Current Sex Education Perpetuate Rape Culture, Alec Deboard, Alyssa Williams
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Rape culture as it is used within this analysis refers to the general trend as a society to normalize the occurrence of sexual violence and can encompass behaviors such as acceptance and perpetuation of common rape myths, “slut-shaming”, and victimblaming. These behaviors are taught from a young age, mostly through the media or socialization. However, through examining sixteen sex education textbooks, certain themes seem to highlight the notion that children are exposed to rape culture through school systems. The aspects explored include discussions of consent (or lack thereof), forced stigma towards sexuality, perpetuation of harmful misconceptions including gender stereotypes, and …
Edward A. Ross: Social Development And Social Control, Ernest M. Oleksy
Edward A. Ross: Social Development And Social Control, Ernest M. Oleksy
The Downtown Review
With a foundation in philosophy and history, core concepts of sociology and criminology that were initially posited over a century ago are still useful in understanding the workings of today's society. The contributions of Edward A. Ross have helped latter day researchers centralize their studies of polycentric topics by using social control as an omnipresent social fact. By comparing Ross's descriptions of 19th century society and the researcher's descriptions of 21st century society, a continuous understanding of a heavily pluralistic discipline comes to life.
Unreplicable: The Unscientific Nature Of Science Journals, Ernest M. Oleksy
Unreplicable: The Unscientific Nature Of Science Journals, Ernest M. Oleksy
The Downtown Review
Academia shapes the way our species looks at veracity and defines what is deemed as well-founded science. The platform for researchers to make their work known is academic journals. The prerogative of these journals is to disseminate technically sound work so that the public may be informed of up-to-date advances in scientific fields. However, these journals are products on the market whose ultimate purpose is to garner a following that will make the producers money. This results in research that does not have statistically significant findings, or replications of past experiments which are integral to supporting the findings of the …
P3: Does Lexicality Affect Classification Performance Of Two-Letter Strings?, Nicole Russo, Lea Araya
P3: Does Lexicality Affect Classification Performance Of Two-Letter Strings?, Nicole Russo, Lea Araya
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Some models of word identification hypotheses units responsive to bigrams—letter pairs—that may not be adjacent in a letter-string stimulus. Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) and Palinski (2016) found, for words, responding was more efficient when flanking bigrams contained target-string letters than when they did not. They also found that responding was more efficient when flanking bigrams contained letters ordered as in the target than switched but whether flanking bigrams were ordered as in the target did not affect performance. Palinski (2016) replicated the results of Grainger et al. (2014) and conducted a second experiment that included four additional conditions in …
P2: Is It In The Eyes? A Pupillometry Study Of Stress Reactivity And Borderline Personality Disorder, Zachary Tokar
P2: Is It In The Eyes? A Pupillometry Study Of Stress Reactivity And Borderline Personality Disorder, Zachary Tokar
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by unstable mood states, chaotic interpersonal relationships, and behavioral dysregulation in the form of selfinjurious acts that results in notable functional impairment. Emotion dysregulation, marked by strong shifts in emotional states away from baseline levels across subjective and physiological substrates, is believed to reflect one mechanism in the relationship between BPD and functional impairment. However, it remains unclear whether emotion dysregulation represents a general tendency to experience both positive and negative emotions keenly, or to specifically be sensitized to negative mood states. The present study examined the relationship between BPD symptoms and emotion dysregulation …
The Effect Of Contact Type On Perceptions Of Sex Offender Recidivism Risk, Donald Walker Jr.
The Effect Of Contact Type On Perceptions Of Sex Offender Recidivism Risk, Donald Walker Jr.
ETD Archive
Prior research has found that the general public perceives sex offenders negatively as a whole (Edwards & Hensley, 2001). These perceptions have enabled sex offender management policies that create ironic conditions for sex offender rehabilitation and reintegration (Hanson, & Harris, 2000). More recent research has found that when sex offenders are presented as subcategories the public has more varied, though still negative attitudes toward sex offenders (King & Roberts, 2015). Furthermore, a burgeoning area of research has developed around the differentiation of child sex offenders based on the contact that they have had with their victims: non-contact, contact-only, and mixed-contact. …
Speed Accuracy In Motor Performance And Risk-Taking Characteristics, Morgan Lee Gabbert
Speed Accuracy In Motor Performance And Risk-Taking Characteristics, Morgan Lee Gabbert
ETD Archive
Past research has led to the conclusion, through studies of the speed-accuracy trade-off, that there is a natural covariance between speed and accuracy within individuals on movement tasks (Adam, 1992). In this study, we investigated the relationship between the speed-accuracy continuum and risk-taking personality characteristics. In order to investigate the hypotheses, the study used a Fitts’ cyclical aiming task in which participants moved a mouse between two targets that were at various widths and amplitudes. The various widths and amplitudes included 15 unique combinations of movement measurements, which were compared to two measures of risk-taking. These were the Investment Risk …
Work Lives Of Homeless Men, Eric William Wallace
Work Lives Of Homeless Men, Eric William Wallace
ETD Archive
This study sought to better understand how currently homeless men have met their work needs through a mix of formal and informal work across their lives. The Biographical Narrative Interview Method (BNIM), a qualitative method that seeks to analyze biographical narratives related in interviews, was utilized to collect and analyze the data. The loss of blue-collar jobs, criminal histories, and substance abuse difficulties all served to circumscribe the work available to these men. Nevertheless, participants negotiated these circumstances, as well as early traumas, to build complex work histories. Social connection emerged as a central need participants met through work. The …
I Hate It, But I Can't Stop: The Romanticization Of Intimate Partner Abuse In Young Adult Retellings Of Wuthering Heights, Brianna R. Zgodinski
I Hate It, But I Can't Stop: The Romanticization Of Intimate Partner Abuse In Young Adult Retellings Of Wuthering Heights, Brianna R. Zgodinski
ETD Archive
In recent years, there has been a trend in young adult adaptations of Wuthering Heights to amend the plot so that Catherine Earnshaw chooses to have a romantic relationship with Heathcliff, when in Bronte’s novel she decides against it. In the following study, I trace the factors that contribute to Catherine’s rejection of Heathcliff as a romantic partner in the original text. Many critics have argued that her motives are primarily Machiavellian since she chooses a suitor with more wealth and familial connections than Heathcliff. These are indeed factors; however, by engaging with contemporary research on adolescent development, I show …
Developmental Manganese Neurotoxicity In Rats: Cognitive Deficits In Allocentric And Egocentric Learning And Memory, Nina Atanasova, Robyn M. Amos-Kroohs, Laurie L. Davenport, Zuhair I. Abdulla, Matthew R. Skelton, Charles V. Vorhees, Michael T. Williams
Developmental Manganese Neurotoxicity In Rats: Cognitive Deficits In Allocentric And Egocentric Learning And Memory, Nina Atanasova, Robyn M. Amos-Kroohs, Laurie L. Davenport, Zuhair I. Abdulla, Matthew R. Skelton, Charles V. Vorhees, Michael T. Williams
Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
P1: Can't Shake The Blues: Do Worry And Attention Flexibility Enervate Cognitive Emotion Regulation Outcomes, Evan Basting
P1: Can't Shake The Blues: Do Worry And Attention Flexibility Enervate Cognitive Emotion Regulation Outcomes, Evan Basting
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by enduring feelings of sadness that are often accompanied by psychovegetative symptoms and attentional deficits that result in functional impairment. Depression is often hallmarked by biased attention towards negative information that once activated, remains in depressed persons conscious awareness. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often co-occurs with depression, and is also characterized by enduring negative information processing in the form of worry that consumes a significant amount of an individual's thought processes. Both disorders are marked by emotion regulation deficits in the form of responses that usually reduce distress, but that fail to …
An Exploration Of Cleveland After School And Summer Programs, Alissa Mullen, Ashley Wilson
An Exploration Of Cleveland After School And Summer Programs, Alissa Mullen, Ashley Wilson
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Increasing rates of homicide and crimes in Cleveland in recent years among young adults suggests a need to improve efforts for early prevention and intervention. After school programming may provide one such opportunity. The first goal of this study was to compile information on community after-school programs available to Cleveland youth, particularly those with an aim to reduce risk behavior related to juvenile delinquency. The second goal was to document which programs focus on the four factors shown to most reduce juvenile delinquency: building positive peer relationships, emphasis on drug use reduction, development of social skills, and character development. First, …
The Factor Structure Of Time Beliefs And Perceptions: Predicting Punctuality, Procrastination, And The Use Of Time., Michelle M. Paul, Maria Rowlett, Steve Slane, Katrina Slivka, Sierra Bonifant
The Factor Structure Of Time Beliefs And Perceptions: Predicting Punctuality, Procrastination, And The Use Of Time., Michelle M. Paul, Maria Rowlett, Steve Slane, Katrina Slivka, Sierra Bonifant
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
The purpose of this research on time and personality is to evaluate one's perception of time and how behavior plays a role with procrastination. In addition, time can also coincide with personality factors, such as vigilance, compulsiveness, avoidance, and the Big 5. Substantial evidence has concluded that time perception and behavior are important factors that play into, and give value to, personality. A principal factor analysis concerning the perception of time and measurement of behavior resulted in a six-factor solution: Negative View of the Past, Sluggishness, Goal Setting, Risk Taking, Timeliness, and Impatience. Justification was found through “factor scores” that …
Putting Spearman's Hypothesis To Work: Job Iq As A Predictor Of Employee Racial Composition, Bryan J. Pesta, Peter Poznanski
Putting Spearman's Hypothesis To Work: Job Iq As A Predictor Of Employee Racial Composition, Bryan J. Pesta, Peter Poznanski
Business Faculty Publications
Job complexity and employee intelligence covary strongly. Likewise, race differences exist on mean IQ / g scores. Spearman’s hypothesis predicts that race differences on cognitive tests are mainly g differences, and that the former should covary with how well mental tests measure the latter. Here we use jobs as “mental tests,” and predict that as job IQ increases, the percent of White and Asian workers will increase, while the percent of Black workers will decrease. We found moderate to strong support for Spearman’s hypothesis across these three racial groups. We also found a very large correlation (.86) between job IQ …
Authority As Related To The Milgram Studies, Elizabeth A. Ajadi
Authority As Related To The Milgram Studies, Elizabeth A. Ajadi
The Downtown Review
The topic I chose to research was authority as related to the Milgram studies. I chose this topic because of my curiosity about the legitimacy of the Milgram experiment after reading about it and watching several videos of the Milgram experiments. Stanley Milgram was a psychologist at Yale University who carried out the Milgram experiment to address conformity in a domain that self-evidently mattered and, with the Holocaust as his obvious point of reference; he chose the willingness of people to inflict serious physical harm on others. The experiment consisted of a “learner” and a “teacher,” the teacher read out …
Reciprocity: Caring For America's Caregivers, Courtney Dunn
Reciprocity: Caring For America's Caregivers, Courtney Dunn
The Downtown Review
Should families be forced to choose between the health of a caregiver and patient? Through the eyes of a woman caring for her husband with Alzheimer's disease, we see that family caregivers suffer tremendous amounts of stress while caring for the patient. Despite the time and efforts required to care for someone with Alzheimer's disease, people every day choose this as an alternative to out-of-home care. This often leads to depression, anxiety, and physical stress which can result in series medical issues. Considering the increase of people with Alzheimer's disease in the United States, this article argues that support programs …
The Association Of Attachment Anxiety And Avoidance With Emotional Dating Abuse Perpetration Using Multimethod, Dyadic Data, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Manfred H.M. Van Dulmen
The Association Of Attachment Anxiety And Avoidance With Emotional Dating Abuse Perpetration Using Multimethod, Dyadic Data, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Manfred H.M. Van Dulmen
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study examined the relationship between emotional dating abuse perpetration and attachment anxiety and avoidance using multimethod, multi-informant dyadic data. Data were derived from a sample of young adult heterosexual dating couples (N = 113 couples). We measured attachment through self-report survey data and emotional dating abuse through self-report surveys, partner-report surveys, and ratings by independent observers of a videotaped couple interaction. Both female and male anxiety were related to female emotional abuse across each method. Male anxiety was related to male emotional abuse in survey data, but female anxiety was related to male emotional abuse in observed data. Neither …
Assessment Of Adolescents’ Victimization, Aggression, And Problem Behaviors: Evaluation Of The Problem Behavior Frequency Scale, Albert D. Farrell, Terri N. Sullivan, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Anh-Thuy H. Le
Assessment Of Adolescents’ Victimization, Aggression, And Problem Behaviors: Evaluation Of The Problem Behavior Frequency Scale, Albert D. Farrell, Terri N. Sullivan, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Anh-Thuy H. Le
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study evaluated the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (PBFS), a self-report measure designed to assess adolescents’ frequency of victimization, aggression, and other problem behaviors. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 5,532 adolescents from 37 schools at 4 sites. About half (49%) of participants were male; 48% self-identified as Black non-Hispanic; 21% as Hispanic, 18% as White non-Hispanic. Adolescents completed the PBFS and measures of beliefs and values related to aggression, and delinquent peer associations at the start of the 6th grade and over 2 years later. Ratings of participants’ behavior were also obtained from teachers on the Behavioral Assessment …
A Reverse Stroop Task With Mouse Tracking, Naohide Yamamoto, Sara Incera, Conor T. Mclennan
A Reverse Stroop Task With Mouse Tracking, Naohide Yamamoto, Sara Incera, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
© 2016 Yamamoto, Incera and McLennan. In a reverse Stroop task, observers respond to the meaning of a color word irrespective of the color in which the word is printed-for example, the word red may be printed in the congruent color (red), an incongruent color (e.g., blue), or a neutral color (e.g., white). Although reading of color words in this task is often thought to be neither facilitated by congruent print colors nor interfered with incongruent print colors, this interference has been detected by using a response method that does not give any bias in favor of processing of word …
An Exploration Of Parenting Styles, Emotion Regulation, Depression, And Culture's Role, Krysten L. Monzon
An Exploration Of Parenting Styles, Emotion Regulation, Depression, And Culture's Role, Krysten L. Monzon
ETD Archive
The present research examined whether cultural background had an effect on depressive symptoms through parenting style and emotion regulation strategies. Recent literature suggests that parenting styles differ across cultures, thus leading to different levels of depressive symptoms as a result differences of parenting styles aligning with cultural values. Additionally, it is suggested that some emotion regulation strategies are harmful in western cultures, but are not in collectivistic culture. Lastly, it is suggested that certain parenting techniques foster both harmful and helpful emotion regulation strategies. Participants (N=83) completed measures of PAQ (Parental Authority Questionnaire), ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), and CES-D (Center …