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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Blurring Group Boundaries: The Impact Of Subgroup Threats On Global Citizenship, Stephen Reysen, Iva Katzarska-Miller, Phia S. Salter, Caroline Hirko
Blurring Group Boundaries: The Impact Of Subgroup Threats On Global Citizenship, Stephen Reysen, Iva Katzarska-Miller, Phia S. Salter, Caroline Hirko
Cultural Encounters, Conflicts, and Resolutions
We examined the outcomes of an extinction threat (possible discontinuation of a group’s symbolic or actual existence) to one’s nation on global citizenship identification and related prosocial values. In Study 1, participants showed a drop in global citizenship identification when America was threatened (vs. absence of threat). In Study 2, participants reported lower global citizenship identification when America was threatened (vs. absence of threat) and the perception that one’s normative environment did not support a global citizen identity mediated the relationship between threat and identification. Furthermore, the threat was shown to indirectly predict lower endorsement for prosocial values and behaviors …
Mixed-Case Format And Lexical Decision Performance: Initial Uppercase Is Special, Julia C. Harvey Azzolina, Lois M. Rotuno, April D. Butler Waltonen, Albert F. Smith
Mixed-Case Format And Lexical Decision Performance: Initial Uppercase Is Special, Julia C. Harvey Azzolina, Lois M. Rotuno, April D. Butler Waltonen, Albert F. Smith
Undergraduate Research Posters 2014
Previous research has shown that there are phenomena that may require a route to word identification by means other than through letters. For example, in a lexical decision task, in which an experimental participant is asked to determine if a string of letters is a word or not, responses to items in a MIXed caSE format are slower than to items in PURE UPPERCASE or pure lowercase formats. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of different mixed-case formats on lexical decision performance, focusing on the type and location of the case transition. Twenty-four students participated in a lexical decision …
Homing By Path Integration When A Locomotion Trajectory Crosses Itself, Naohide Yamamoto, Jayleen A. Meléndez, Derek T. Menzies
Homing By Path Integration When A Locomotion Trajectory Crosses Itself, Naohide Yamamoto, Jayleen A. Meléndez, Derek T. Menzies
Psychology Faculty Publications
Path integration is a process with which navigators derive their current position and orientation by integrating self-motion signals along a locomotion trajectory. It has been suggested that path integration becomes disproportionately erroneous when the trajectory crosses itself. However, there is a possibility that this previous finding was confounded by effects of the length of a traveled path and the amount of turns experienced along the path, two factors that are known to affect path integration performance. The present study was designed to investigate whether the crossover of a locomotion trajectory truly increases errors of path integration. In an experiment, blindfolded …
How Coping, Ptsd And Treatment Preferences Interact?, Martha Mae Golubski
How Coping, Ptsd And Treatment Preferences Interact?, Martha Mae Golubski
ETD Archive
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms of intrusive recollection, avoidance or numbing, and hyper arousal following being exposed to a traumatic event involving threatened or actual death or serious injury (4th ed., text rev, DSM-IV-TR American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Those with PTSD, employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with the symptoms following their trauma exposure. Across studies, it has been found that coping styles which are active have a positive effect on both physical and psychological health (Gil & Caspi, 2005 Lazarus & Moskowits, 2004 Olff, Langeland, & Gersons, 2005). However, avoidance coping …
The Effect Of The Muscular Ideal Prime In A Lexical Decision Task, Stephanie A. Henley
The Effect Of The Muscular Ideal Prime In A Lexical Decision Task, Stephanie A. Henley
ETD Archive
Research has shown that body dissatisfaction (BD) is prevalent among males and is associated with unhealthy outcomes (Karazsia & Crowther 2009). Muscular ideal internalization and social comparison are predictors of BD in males. However, the majority of body image research has focused on females, with limited research having been conducted with males. In particular, little research has been aimed at understanding the internal mechanisms associated with male BD. In the current study, I examined the effect of priming an extreme muscular body and a moderate muscular body on the subsequent perception of positive and negative feeling words and positive and …
Gender Differences In Treatment Outcomes Among Fibromyalgia Patients, Ashley Anne Haas
Gender Differences In Treatment Outcomes Among Fibromyalgia Patients, Ashley Anne Haas
ETD Archive
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder that is characterized by widespread pain and additional somatic, cognitive, and mood symptoms. Although there is no cure for fibromyalgia and it greatly impacts the lives of affected individuals, the research on gender differences in fibromyalgia symptomatology has largely been inconsistent. No study, to date, has explored sustained outcomes in women versus men in the context of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP). This retrospective study of 163 (F=135, M=28) Cleveland Clinic Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program participants investigated: 1) immediate and six month outcomes of fibromyalgia patients participating in an IPRP treatment and 2) …
The Relationship Between Childhood Attachment Style And Adult Dissociation, Laura Michelle Swiney
The Relationship Between Childhood Attachment Style And Adult Dissociation, Laura Michelle Swiney
ETD Archive
The relationship between attachment style and dissociation was examined in this study. A total of 36 undergraduate students were administered self-report questionnaires that revealed their attachment style, and then underwent two tasks (dot-staring and mirror-staring) to evoke acute dissociative symptoms. In a repeated-measures design, it was found that individuals with insecure attachment experienced a significant increase in dissociation following both of the tasks than did those who were securely attached. Additionally, this increase was significantly greater for those participants who reported higher everyday dissociation
Coordination Of Continuous And Discrete Components Of Action, Stephanie L. Kilian
Coordination Of Continuous And Discrete Components Of Action, Stephanie L. Kilian
ETD Archive
Goal-directed movement may contain discrete and continuous components of action. In this experiment, participants moved back and forth between targets using a computer mouse in a cyclical aiming task. It was of interest to examine the relation between a discrete button press on a computer mouse, indicating an attempt at target capture, and the peak position of the corresponding, continuous movement trajectory of the mouse. How might the spatial and temporal relations between those events vary as a function of variations in task constraints? In particular, this experiment varied the target width (W) and amplitude requirement (A), where variations of …
Effects Of Orientation Change On Spatial Learning Of Novel Environments On Younger And Older Adults, Michael J. Fox
Effects Of Orientation Change On Spatial Learning Of Novel Environments On Younger And Older Adults, Michael J. Fox
ETD Archive
Yamamoto and DeGirolamo (2012) found that increasing age has unequal effects of impairment on spatial learning dependent on the perspective in which an environment is learned. Further, the learned condition of ground-level perspective (first-person exploratory) showed greater decline in elderly participants than was found in aerial (map reading) conditions. These results supported previous research involving fMRI scans implicating the medial temporal lobe (MTL) role in exploratory navigation of novel environments and MRI scans indicating MTL atrophy with age. However, Yamamoto and DeGirolamo (2012) did not consider the effects of conducting the experiment with one condition being presented with changing orientation …
The Influence Of Schizotypal Traits On Active Display Recognition, Lucinda V. Rohde
The Influence Of Schizotypal Traits On Active Display Recognition, Lucinda V. Rohde
ETD Archive
Accurate recognition of changes in scene layout is necessary to function in everyday life. Self-motion sensitivity, comprised of efference copy and afferent signals, is employed to respond to these changes, however little is known about how these signals may influence active display recognition. Previous spatial perception experimentation has shown that individuals with high schizotypal traits perform differently than those with low schizotypal traits while estimating walked distance in non-visual walking and imagined walking tasks (Rohde & Yamamoto, 2013). It is postulated that this result could be attributed to a presumable dysfunction of efference copy associated with schizotypy. It was hypothesized …
The Time Course Of A Bilingual Stroop Task, Sara Incera Burkert
The Time Course Of A Bilingual Stroop Task, Sara Incera Burkert
ETD Archive
The purpose of the current study was to analyze the continuous dynamics of a bilingual Stroop task (between and within languages, and in proficient bilinguals' first and second languages, L1 and L2, respectively). Understanding the time course of a bilingual Stroop task provides new insights regarding current theories of the bilingual mind. As found previously, interference emerged before facilitation and these effects were stronger within languages and in L1. Interestingly, mouse-tracking data showed (1) different time courses for the two Stroop processes (i.e., interference emerged earlier than facilitation), (2) different time courses within and between languages (i.e., within-languages effects emerged …
The Effects Of Control And Work / Family Centrality On The Personal Use Of Work Computers, Jenna L. Gorsuch
The Effects Of Control And Work / Family Centrality On The Personal Use Of Work Computers, Jenna L. Gorsuch
ETD Archive
The personal use of work computers (PWC) is a common occurrence at all levels at an organization, from entry level employees to upper management. Constant connectivity to technology through the availability of the Internet at home, at work, and on mobile devices has led to work entering the non-work domain and vice versa. Participants (N = 341) were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk service and were asked questions regarding levels of self-control, job autonomy, work centrality, work-family conflict, and PWC in order to determine how these relationships may interact to predict PWC. In addition, PWC was explored as a means …
Attitudes Toward The Cervical Cancer Screening Procedure Across Trauma Types, Emma Melaragno
Attitudes Toward The Cervical Cancer Screening Procedure Across Trauma Types, Emma Melaragno
ETD Archive
Cervical cancer can be prevented or treated if the recommended gynecological care is obtained. However, there are many barriers to cervical cancer screening attendance, potentially including interpersonal trauma. Sexual assault has been consistently linked to the inadequate use of or nonattendance to routine Pap smears. Intimate partner violence (IPV) and physical assault may also lead to avoidance of cervical cancer screening. Vulnerability, involving an absence of control and being overpowered by another individual, is a common factor across interpersonal trauma types and may also occur during a Pap smear. The similarities between interpersonal trauma and cervical cancer screening and potential …
Predicting Use Of Evidence-Based Treatments By Helping Professionals For The Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Sean A. Lafleur
Predicting Use Of Evidence-Based Treatments By Helping Professionals For The Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Sean A. Lafleur
ETD Archive
Research suggests that evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for posttraumatic stress disorder are underutilized by counselors, psychologists, and other helping professionals (Becker, Zayfert, & Anderson, 2004 Van Minnen, Hendriks, & Olff, 2010). The current study examined factors that may predict use of EBTs by helping professionals including theoretical orientation, workplace setting, training, client preference, and highest degree held by the helping professional. Training was the only factor found to significantly predict the use of EBTs, suggesting that training may be key in disseminating EBTs and increasing their use
Stage Of Change Discrepancies Among Individuals With Dementia And Caregivers, Evan G. Shelton
Stage Of Change Discrepancies Among Individuals With Dementia And Caregivers, Evan G. Shelton
ETD Archive
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change outlines a five-step categorization of stages that delineate an individual's readiness to alter a behavior. This model has been used as a basis for understanding the behavioral change process and for tailoring interventions (e.g., smoking cessation and weight management). Little research exists, however, applying the TTM to behaviors among individuals with dementia (IWD) and their caregivers (CGs). Unlike many other behavior changes, the changes associated with adapting to and coping with dementia often rely on changes in both the CG and the IWD. Based on this cooperative aspect of the IWD/CG dyad, it …
Law School Personal Statements: An Analysis Of Race And Gender Variations In "Impression Management" Among Law School Applicants, Amy L. Miller
Law School Personal Statements: An Analysis Of Race And Gender Variations In "Impression Management" Among Law School Applicants, Amy L. Miller
ETD Archive
This study examined 200 personal statements of male, female, White, and African-American law school applicants to better understand how applicants use impression management to gain admission to law school. Data showed significant differences in how males compared to females and Whites compared to African-Americans use impression management in their law school personal statements. The research found African-Americans discussed personal motivation more often than did White applicants. White females and African-American males more frequently utilized conditions of motivation, gender or race, and personal story to demonstrate their capability to succeed in law school despite generally lower academic indicators. Females had more …