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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Motor System Markers Of Depression Severity, Mary Jacobson, Hailee Houston, Andrew Slifkin
Motor System Markers Of Depression Severity, Mary Jacobson, Hailee Houston, Andrew Slifkin
Undergraduate Research Posters 2013
Physiological health has been linked to increased complexity in the output of physiological systems. For example, as the severity of cardiac disease increases, EKG time series show reduced complexity. The present study investigated the relation between mental health and complexity in motor output. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that depression severity—as measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R)—should be negatively correlated with motor output complexity. Measurements of motor output were obtained when participants generated long sequences of movements in a cyclical aiming task. The resultant movement amplitude time series were submitted to spectral analysis, from which an index of motor …
Mouse-Tracking Reveals When The Stroop Effect Happens., Sara Incera, Theresa A. Markis, Conor T. Mclennan
Mouse-Tracking Reveals When The Stroop Effect Happens., Sara Incera, Theresa A. Markis, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
We examined the continuous dynamics of the Stroop task using mouse-tracking. Participants moved the computer mouse to indicate the color of words presented on the computer screen in both congruent (blue in blue font) and incongruent (blue in yellow font) conditions. Mouse-tracking data revealed significant differences in reaction times, spatial attraction, and velocity. In the Stroop effect, word reading and color processing influenced performance, but they did so differently: Word reading influenced the early part of the mouse trajectory, but color processing influenced later parts. The data provide important new information about the real time processing dynamics underlying the effect.
Using Mouse Tracking To Examine The Time Course Of An Auditory Lexical Decision Task, Maura Krestar, Sara Incera, Conor T. Mclennan
Using Mouse Tracking To Examine The Time Course Of An Auditory Lexical Decision Task, Maura Krestar, Sara Incera, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Mouse-tracking studies demonstrate that hand movements reveal the progression of responses over time during
psychological tasks. In the present study, we examined the time course of cognitive processing during an auditory lexical
decision task. The following predicted results emerged to indicate facilitation for words relative to nonwords: 1) shorter
reaction times; 2) fewer direction changes, and, compared to the ideal trajectory; 3) smaller deviation; and, 4) area under
the curve for words relative to nonwords. We also found predicted differences between words and nonwords in velocity
throughout the trials, providing a greater understanding of the real-time processing dynamics throughout the …
Examining The Effects Of Variation In Emotional Tone Of Voice On Spoken Word Recognition, Maura L. Krestar, Conor T. Mclennan
Examining The Effects Of Variation In Emotional Tone Of Voice On Spoken Word Recognition, Maura L. Krestar, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Emotional tone of voice (ETV) is essential for optimal verbal communication. Research has found that the impact of variation in nonlinguistic features of speech on spoken word recognition differs according to a time course. In the current study, we investigated whether intratalker variation in ETV follows the same time course in two long-term repetition priming experiments. We found that intratalker variability in ETVs affected reaction times to spoken words only when processing was relatively slow and difficult, not when processing was relatively fast and easy. These results provide evidence for the use of both abstract and episodic lexical representations for …
Understanding The Relationship Between Sexual Trauma And Screenings, Emily N. Karakis
Understanding The Relationship Between Sexual Trauma And Screenings, Emily N. Karakis
ETD Archive
The most common cause of cervical cancer in women is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (Cokkinides, Bandi, Siegel, Warn, & Thun, 2007). Survivors of sexual assault are at a high risk for contracting HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (Lee, Westrup, Ruzek, Keller, & Weitlauf, 2007), therefore placing them at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Unfortunately, these women are less likely than non-survivors to have cervical cancer screenings (Bazargan, Bazargan, Farooq, & Baker, 2004). Previous research has suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and locus of control (LOC) may have some influence on screening participation in sexual assault survivors. This …
Comparing Self-Efficacy, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Coping In Women With And Without A Sexual Assault History Enrolled In Self-Defense Classes, Caitlin M. Pinciotti
Comparing Self-Efficacy, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Coping In Women With And Without A Sexual Assault History Enrolled In Self-Defense Classes, Caitlin M. Pinciotti
ETD Archive
Women attend self-defense courses for a variety of different reasons. These courses have many benefits for women, specifically survivors of sexual assault. Regardless of when the course is taken, pre- or post-assault, female sexual assault survivors experience increases in self-efficacy and decreases in posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current study evaluated the difference in self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping responses in women who attend self-defense courses. While no significant difference existed between survivors of sexual assault and unwanted sexual contact and women without sexual victimization history in self-efficacy and PTSD, a few significant differences emerged in coping responses. Results …
Key Predictors Of Well-Being For Individuals With Dementia, Lindsey M. Bisgrove
Key Predictors Of Well-Being For Individuals With Dementia, Lindsey M. Bisgrove
ETD Archive
Until recently, few studies have investigated the psychosocial outcomes of individuals living with dementia. More specifically, the relationship among depression, anxiety, and quality of life as well-being outcomes. The current study examined the role of well-being outcomes and how key predictors (level of cognitive impairment, level of distress experienced, relationship role strain) influenced these outcomes. It addressed how these specific predictors had an impact, on depression and anxiety symptoms and overall quality of life. This study utilized the stress process model for individuals with dementia as a framework to demonstrate the intricacies of the illness experience for the individuals. Self-report …
The Effects Of Talker Variability And Talkers' Gender On The Perception Of Spoken Taboo Words, Samantha E. Tuft
The Effects Of Talker Variability And Talkers' Gender On The Perception Of Spoken Taboo Words, Samantha E. Tuft
ETD Archive
In the current experiment, I examined the effects of inter-talker variability and talkers' gender on listeners' perception of spoken taboo words. Previous spoken word recognition research using the long-term repetition-priming paradigm, in which listeners respond to two separate blocks of spoken words, found performance costs for stimuli mismatching in talker identity. That is, when words were repeated across the two blocks and the identity of the talker remained the same (e.g., male to male) reaction times (RTs) were faster relative to when the repeated words were spoken by two different talkers (e.g., male to female). Such performance costs, or talker …
The Effects Upward And Downward Comparison On A Subsequent Emotion Recognition Task, Kim D. Thomas
The Effects Upward And Downward Comparison On A Subsequent Emotion Recognition Task, Kim D. Thomas
ETD Archive
Social Comparison Theory explains how viewing images can affect body satisfaction with two processes: upward and downward comparison. Upward comparison, which is defined as comparing oneself to a more attractive person, can result in depression and body dissatisfaction. Downward comparison, which is defined as comparing oneself to a less attractive person, can increase mood and body satisfaction. Previous research has shown that individuals with eating disorders, such as anorexia, have a deficit in emotion recognition due to their high levels of body dissatisfaction. Building upon this finding, the current study was designed to examine the effect that priming normal individuals …
Assessment Of Verbal And Nonverbal Memory And Learning In Abstinent Alcoholics, Alyson L. Phelan
Assessment Of Verbal And Nonverbal Memory And Learning In Abstinent Alcoholics, Alyson L. Phelan
ETD Archive
Neuropsychological performance was measured in chronic alcoholics who maintained abstinence for at least six months and with matched controls. Specifically, measures of verbal memory were assessed utilizing the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and measures of nonverbal memory with the Rey Osterreith Complex Figure Test (ROCF) and a new measure, the Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test (PNMT). In addition, both the RAVLT and the PNMT provide a measure of operationalized learning, as they are multi-trial tasks utilizing five trials to assess recall in each trial. Verbal memory includes the ability to encode, store and retrieve information for words, language and …
Alcoholics In Recovery: Factors Informing The Decision To Self-Disclose Alcoholism In The Workplace, Teresa Coyne Andreani
Alcoholics In Recovery: Factors Informing The Decision To Self-Disclose Alcoholism In The Workplace, Teresa Coyne Andreani
ETD Archive
While the impact of employee substance abuse on the workplace is well documented, research studies concerning the experience of recovered alcoholics in the workplace are scarce. Recovered alcoholics who must negotiate a sober identity in the workplace where alcohol may be part of the social culture may feel disconnected from coworkers or may experience anxiety trying to conceal their alcoholism. A survey of recovered alcoholic men and women was used to investigate whether or not recovered alcoholics disclose their alcoholism in the workplace, to whom the information is disclosed, the impact of making such a disclosure, and the factors that …
Cognitive Dissonance, Crime And Commitment To Urban Life: Why Individuals With Means Choose To Live And Remain In Largely Low Income Neighborhoods, Nelson S. Beckford
Cognitive Dissonance, Crime And Commitment To Urban Life: Why Individuals With Means Choose To Live And Remain In Largely Low Income Neighborhoods, Nelson S. Beckford
ETD Archive
The study examined factors influencing an individual's decision to move to and later commitment to remain in Ohio City and Detroit Shoreway, two low income neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, it was predicted that paradoxically, people who were victims of crime would demonstrate greater commitment to their neighborhood than would those not victimized. Unexpectedly, I found that crime did not increase or decrease commitment. The study found that neighborhood amenities and seeing improvements in basic services were key to neighborhood commitment. This implies that small investments and specific interventions can help revitalize low income inner city …
The Role Of Learning Modality Upon Long-Term Spatial Memory, Dale A. Hirsch
The Role Of Learning Modality Upon Long-Term Spatial Memory, Dale A. Hirsch
ETD Archive
Spatial cognition often requires the contemplation of multiple discrete layouts. Determining the relative direction of objects between distinct layouts comes with a cost to accuracy when compared to determining the relative direction among objects from within the same layout. The decrease in accuracy that results from comparing discrete layouts is called integration cost (Yamamoto & Shelton, 2008). Yamamoto (2007) found that the cost of integration between two layouts learned through the same modality is equivalent to the cost of integrating between two layouts learned through different modalities (i.e., vision and proprioception). Yamamoto's findings suggest that modulating the learning modalities of …
Biofeedback Assisted Stress Management Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Gregory James Bolwell
Biofeedback Assisted Stress Management Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Gregory James Bolwell
ETD Archive
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease, often leading to heart attacks. Over a long period of time, CAD can weaken the heart muscle, causing heart failure and arrhythmias. Three well established events which occur in CAD are an over activation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased inflammation and psychological distress. Biofeedback assisted stress management (BFSM) is a form of stress management that allows one to see how their physiology changes, in real time, as they either …
Barriers To Seeking Campus Therapeutic Services For Sexual Assault, Caitlin A. Martin
Barriers To Seeking Campus Therapeutic Services For Sexual Assault, Caitlin A. Martin
ETD Archive
Previous research has found that the majority of sexual assault survivors do not receive therapeutic treatment for their traumatic experience(s), despite the detrimental psychological effects sexual assault can produce (e.g. Kimerling & Calhoun, 1994 Koss & Harvey, 1991 New & Berliner, 2000). The present study examines potential barriers to seeking campus therapeutic services in college women who have experienced sexual assault (or hypothetical sexual assault among those with no history of sexual assault). Overall, knowledge about sexual assault services on campus was quite limited. Knowledge of the location of the campus counseling center was related to an increased likelihood of …
Treatment Outcomes Of An Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program In Smokes And Nonsmokers, Leighann E. Scheidler
Treatment Outcomes Of An Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program In Smokes And Nonsmokers, Leighann E. Scheidler
ETD Archive
Previous research suggests there is a relationship between pain and smoking, but there is limited research on the treatment outcomes of people with chronic pain who smoke. This is particularly evident in the context of interdisciplinary chronic pain treatment programs because the only such study (Hooten et al., 2009) has not been replicated. Therefore, the current study examined the immediate treatment outcomes in patients who have been through an interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program. The treatment outcomes that were examined were depression, anxiety, pain intensity, and pain disability. Depression scores were higher both at admission and discharge for smokers when …
The Relationship Between Innovativeness And Shopping Website Feature Preferences Across Product Classes, Eric Brandt
The Relationship Between Innovativeness And Shopping Website Feature Preferences Across Product Classes, Eric Brandt
ETD Archive
This study was developed to investigate the effects of innovativeness and Internet experience on preferences for shopping website features across different product classes. Consumer innovativeness is often studied as being a driver of the adoption of new products and services, including online shopping. Innovativeness and Internet experience are two widely studied characteristics of consumers that have been shown to predict various facets of online shopping behavior. However, there are many issues surrounding the utility and validity of various measures of innovativeness, not the least of which is that innovativeness has been conceptualized at multiple levels of abstraction. Beyond this, there …
Online Exploration: Browsing Behavior And Website Feature Preferences, Mackenzie Siren
Online Exploration: Browsing Behavior And Website Feature Preferences, Mackenzie Siren
ETD Archive
This exploratory study examines the novel variable of cross-category online browse range (the variety of product categories browsed online by a consumer) and its relationship to general website feature preferences. Utilizing data collected through an online survey, the results are based on a final sample of 313 respondents from the United States, 287 of whom were University students, and 26 of whom were contacts of the research team. The general nature of cross-category online browse range was examined using simple correlation, MANOVA, and ANOVA. Results indicate that the variable is normally distributed throughout the sample population and positively associated with …