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Articles 1 - 30 of 206
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Abstract Language: Symbolic Cogniton And Its Relationship To Embodiment, Steven A. Lenarduzzi
The Abstract Language: Symbolic Cogniton And Its Relationship To Embodiment, Steven A. Lenarduzzi
ETD Archive
Embodied theories presume that concepts are modality specific while symbolic theories suggest that all modalities for a given concept are integrated. Symbolic and embodied theories do fairly well with explaining and describing concrete concepts. Specifically, embodied theories seem well suited to describing the actual content of a concept while symbolic theories provide insight into how concepts operate. Conversely, neither symbolic nor embodied theories have been fully sufficient when attempting to describe and explain abstract concepts. Several pluralistic accounts have been put forth to describe how the semantic/lexical system interacts with the conceptual system. In this respect, they attempt to “embody” …
The Detection Of Malingered Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder With The Cap-Q And Traumatic Events Inventory, Samuel D. Rodman
The Detection Of Malingered Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder With The Cap-Q And Traumatic Events Inventory, Samuel D. Rodman
ETD Archive
The feigning of psychiatric symptoms is of great concern in both clinical and forensic settings. Therefore, it is crucial to develop reliable and valid measures that are not only diagnostically valid but also allow for the detection of individuals who are attempting to exaggerate illness in order to receive monetary compensation or escape duty or work. The present study was initiated so as to assess the psychometric properties of a new measure for the assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the A-PTSD Scale. This 35-item self-report measure relies on the DSM-V criteria and employs indirect questioning as well as reversed …
Feminist Supervision, Supervisor Multicultural Competence, And Supervisee Counseling Outcomes, Rachael N. Dabkowski
Feminist Supervision, Supervisor Multicultural Competence, And Supervisee Counseling Outcomes, Rachael N. Dabkowski
ETD Archive
Supervision in the field of psychology is an essential practice that has significant implications for a supervisee’s success in their academic program, therapist identity and ability to become an independent professional. This study explored the perceptions of supervisees of how multiculturally competent they believed their supervisor to be and how much they believed their supervisor utilized feminist principles in supervision. Limited research has suggested that the modality of supervision and competence of a supervisor can be important factors in determining supervisee outcomes. Important to the current study were supervisee counseling self-efficacy, client empowerment, active commitment, and satisfaction in supervision. Data …
The Role Of Adverse Childhood Experiences And Associated Features On Criminality In Emerging Adults, Jessica L. Harangozo
The Role Of Adverse Childhood Experiences And Associated Features On Criminality In Emerging Adults, Jessica L. Harangozo
ETD Archive
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with a variety of negative outcomes, including criminal and violent behaviors (Milaniak & Widom, 2015). Prior research indicates that antisocial personality traits such as callousness may play a mediating effect on the relationship between ACEs and criminality (Baglivio et al., 2020). Further, the developmental period in which childhood maltreatment occurs may be related to greater criminality (Thornberry et al., 2010). This research project aims to examine how ACEs relate to criminality in emerging adults, with consideration of antisocial personality traits and the developmental period of experiencing childhood abuse. This study hypothesizes: (A) Both higher …
Debunking & Prebunking: Strategies For Librarians To Eradicate Misinformation, Evan Meszaros, Mandi Goodsett
Debunking & Prebunking: Strategies For Librarians To Eradicate Misinformation, Evan Meszaros, Mandi Goodsett
Michael Schwartz Library Publications
No abstract provided.
Emotion Regulation And Coping Motives: An Ema Study Of The Path Between Negative Affect And Craving, Joseph H. Lancaster
Emotion Regulation And Coping Motives: An Ema Study Of The Path Between Negative Affect And Craving, Joseph H. Lancaster
ETD Archive
Negative affect (NA) is a known precipitant of cravings, and each are robust predictors of lapses, making this pathway an excellent target for lapse prevention in opioid treatment. As emotion dysregulation arises from unmitigated NA, deficits in emotion regulation (ER) contribute to cravings in part by worsening distress, although the form these deficits take remains unclear. Coping motives are relevant in the context of NA and show robust associations with ER difficulties. Further, coping motives have demonstrated a similar role in exacerbating the effect NA has on cravings. This study aimed to explore the conditional indirect effects of ER deficits …
The Effects Of Childhood Trauma And Stressors On Problem Behaviors: Coping As A Moderator, Halle C. Letizio
The Effects Of Childhood Trauma And Stressors On Problem Behaviors: Coping As A Moderator, Halle C. Letizio
ETD Archive
Childhood trauma and childhood stressors are extremely common, impacting two- thirds of children aged twelve to seventeen [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2019]. Whether these adversities are egregious or subtle, the impact of such adversities can last well beyond childhood and can extend into young adulthood. The current study aimed to determine if young adult substance use and criminal involvement are long-term effects of childhood trauma and childhood stressors. Another goal was to determine whether these effects could be alleviated to some extent with the utilization of positive coping mechanisms. In a diverse sample of young adults …
Using Personality Traits To Predict Boundary Management Strategies, Corey A. Adams
Using Personality Traits To Predict Boundary Management Strategies, Corey A. Adams
ETD Archive
This research attempted to answer the question if it possible to predict an individual’s boundary management strategies by using their personality traits. Participants (N = 99) were recruited on the website LinkedIn to answer a survey that included questions about their personality traits, their workplace culture around boundary management, the type of boundary management strategy they preferred to use, and the strategies they used. The traits Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were found to be significant personality traits to use when predicting preferred boundary management strategies with a moderately strong relationship to preferring Segmentation boundary management strategies. Contrary to …
Predicting Depression, Anxiety, And Burden: Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem, And Coping In Caregivers Of Individuals With Dementia, Claire Grant
ETD Archive
Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia (IWDs) face unique stressors as a result of their role as caregiver. While the negative outcomes associated with providing care for an IWD are well established, including increased levels of burden and increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, the predictors of these well-being outcomes are not. Based on previous research, in the proposed study, predictors include self-compassion, self-esteem, and coping techniques. It is currently unknown how these variables impact outcomes like depression, anxiety, and burden individually or how they fit together into a larger theoretical model of caregiving. This line of research has three main …
Racial Microaggressions And Mental Health: Internalized Racism As A Mediator And Black Identity And Social Support As Moderators, Steven M. Sanders
Racial Microaggressions And Mental Health: Internalized Racism As A Mediator And Black Identity And Social Support As Moderators, Steven M. Sanders
ETD Archive
Internalized racism, also referred to as appropriated racial oppression, refers to the phenomenon of people of color adopting negative racist messages about their worth and abilities. The internalization of racism by members of the targeted group results in an experience of self-degradation and self-alienation and the assumption of one’s inferiority, which is directly related to issues of self-esteem, self-confidence, shame, depression, and anxiety. This study used structural regression with moderation and mediation to explore the possibility of internalized racism as a mediating variable and black identity and perceived social support as possible moderators. A sample of 639 participants (MAge = …
Big Five Personality Traits And Political Orientation: An Inquiry Into Political Beliefs, Ian E. Phillips
Big Five Personality Traits And Political Orientation: An Inquiry Into Political Beliefs, Ian E. Phillips
The Downtown Review
Personality research centered on the Big Five personality traits has heavily impacted our understanding in regards to what forces orient a person on a political spectrum. Examining how personality differences interact with political orientation, this research seeks to provide information on what makes someone either more or less likely to be liberal or conservative based on their temperament. In this paper, previous personality research is synthesized into one discussion, centered on what the effects of each trait are and how they impact political orientation, the heritability of personality, and what implications there are for such research in the realm of …
Argumentative Synthesis Essay On Enhanced Interrogation Techniques, Gwendolyn D. Wheatley
Argumentative Synthesis Essay On Enhanced Interrogation Techniques, Gwendolyn D. Wheatley
The Downtown Review
This essay discusses enhanced interrogation techniques. For reference, enhanced interrogation techniques are interrogation techniques that involve “physically coercive interventions” (Duke & Puyvelde, 2017). The U.S. government supported these techniques after the attacks on September 11, 2001. This essay argues that enhanced interrogation techniques should not be used in interrogations because they are unethical, ineffective, and negatively impact the mental health of the interrogators using these techniques. Additionally, the essay references articles on the varied viewpoints as well as explains information on these interrogation techniques. Also, the essay argues that enhanced interrogation techniques encourage people to be cruel and inhumane. Moreover, …
Pilot Study Of The Contributions Of Achievement-Striving And Dutifulness On Intimate Partner Violence In Intimate Dyads, Ernest M. Oleksy, Liz Goncy
Pilot Study Of The Contributions Of Achievement-Striving And Dutifulness On Intimate Partner Violence In Intimate Dyads, Ernest M. Oleksy, Liz Goncy
The Downtown Review
The purpose of this pilot study was to further our knowledge about the interaction of trait conscientiousness of one’s self and one’s partner with the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) as we prepare for a larger study that will utilize this pilot study’s protocol. Conscientiousness has been demonstrated to be positively correlated with increased satisfaction in couples (Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Schutte, Bhullar, & Rooke, 2010), while different facets of conscientiousness have been demonstrated to have differential effects on relational behavior, like achievement-striving and duty’s opposing effects on commitment dilemmas (Moon, 2001). Furthermore, the negative correlation between conscientiousness and deviance (Rao, …
A Brief Review Of Freudian And Jungian Theories, Ernest M. Oleksy
A Brief Review Of Freudian And Jungian Theories, Ernest M. Oleksy
The Downtown Review
Freud and Jung are two of the most prominent and celebrated psychologists. Jung being a student of Freud's, the two's theories overlap considerably. Despite this lineage, however, there are marked differences between how the two theorists understood human behavior. This article highlights some of the major elements of both men's theories and offers criticisms and contextualizations to offer new perspectives in understanding these theories.
Mortality Salience And The Effects Of Autonomy On Death Anxiety, Dylan Earlin Horner
Mortality Salience And The Effects Of Autonomy On Death Anxiety, Dylan Earlin Horner
ETD Archive
The present research built on prior work suggesting that mortality salience (MS) can undermine psychological well-being and explored the previously-untested hypothesis that autonomy can mitigate that effect. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of primed autonomy on measured death anxiety following a reminder of mortality. Participants (n = 119) were randomly assigned to either an MS or control condition and then, following a delay, were primed with the concept of either autonomy or being controlled. Death anxiety was then measured. Results found that MS increased death anxiety among those in the controlled prime condition, but not among those in the …
The Effects Of Mortality Salience And Autonomy Priming On Worldview Defensiveness, Joseph P. Conti
The Effects Of Mortality Salience And Autonomy Priming On Worldview Defensiveness, Joseph P. Conti
ETD Archive
Terror Management Theory posits that people are motivated to defend against death awareness by maintaining cultural beliefs and behaviors that transcend mortality— sometimes motivating hostile, even militaristic, defenses of one’s culture. In contrast, self-determination theory suggests that autonomous regulation (self-determination) serves as a platform for personal growth and well-being. However, the present thesis suggests that, in addition to fueling growth, self-determination may also help buffer against the awareness of mortality, thus mitigating the impact of death awareness on hostile cultural worldview defense. To test this hypothesis, American participants were randomly assigned to be reminded of mortality or a control topic, …
Effects Of Self-Determination On Work/Life Balance, Sarah M. Hawke
Effects Of Self-Determination On Work/Life Balance, Sarah M. Hawke
ETD Archive
In recent years the workforce has experienced many changes, mostly as a result of the proliferation of technology. With the ever changing work environment and the increased blurring of work and home boundaries, more research is imperative in helping organizations hire, retain, and keep the right employees satisfied. The present study aims to examine the interactions and moderating effects of motivation on boundary management preferences and behaviors. Respondents were asked to complete three questionnaires assessing their motivation towards their current work, preferred boundary management styles, and their enactment of boundary management techniques while present in the work and home domains. …
Psychological Abuse In Same-Sex Couples Compared To Heterosexual Couples: Implications For Depression Outcomes, Kristyn Oravec
Psychological Abuse In Same-Sex Couples Compared To Heterosexual Couples: Implications For Depression Outcomes, Kristyn Oravec
ETD Archive
Many studies have documented the mental health repercussions of intimate partner violence (IPV) on heterosexual individuals, with depression being one of the most prevalent outcomes of IPV victimization (Campbell, 2002; Golding, 1999; Mechanic, Weaver, Resick, 2008). There are very few studies that examine the mental health outcomes of IPV within same-sex relationships (Gehring & Vaske, 2017), because much research is rooted in traditional frameworks. In order to bridge gaps in the research, this project will extend work on IPV to focus on LG populations to examine the relationship between recent psychological abuse and mental health outcomes, specifically depression. Participants comprised …
Self-Compassion And Depression Across Culture: Comparisons Of Emerging Adults In China And The United States, Han Na Lee
Self-Compassion And Depression Across Culture: Comparisons Of Emerging Adults In China And The United States, Han Na Lee
ETD Archive
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mood disorders and affects over 300 million individuals across the world in a given year. MDD is marked by sadness, loss of pleasure or interest, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, fatigue or loss of energy, and poor concentration that leads to functional impairment, which can potentially have a debilitating impact on individual’s educational, occupational, social and psychological areas of life. Not only is depression highly prevalent in the U.S., but it is also a global concern, including countries such as China. Estimates of lifetime prevalence …
The Effect Of Self-Compassion In The Experience Of Anxiety And Fear During An Interpersonal Stressor, Arishna Agarwal
The Effect Of Self-Compassion In The Experience Of Anxiety And Fear During An Interpersonal Stressor, Arishna Agarwal
ETD Archive
At its core, Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is an intense fear where an individual is afraid of being rejected, humiliated, embarrassed, or negatively judged by others in social situations. Due to these feelings, those affected by SAD avoid interpersonal situations, which maintain and worsen the disorder. SAD affects 15 million adults and impairs daily functioning in countless aspects. Through various research studies, evidence has shown that individuals who suffer from SAD have difficulty managing their emotional states such as fear and anxiety and are less willing to accept and forgive themselves than their healthy peers. Willingness to accept, be kind, …
Mechanisms For Depression Risk Among Those With Sexual Abuse Histories: Stress Sensitivity And Emotion Regulation Deficits, Angela Bush
ETD Archive
The present study examined whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) predicts depression-related outcomes indirectly via stress sensitivity and emotion regulation (ER) deficits or whether ER difficulties mediate the relationship between CSA and stress sensitivity. Both stress sensitivity and ER deficits have been examined as mechanisms that increase depression risk for those with CSA histories, however their interplay has been largely understudies. Competing models of CSA, stress sensitivity, ER deficits and depression symptoms and affects in daily life were examined. Community dwelling and undergraduate participants (N=99) reported CSA histories via a psychosocial interview, completed measures of trait ER repertoires, perceived stress and …
Do Borderline Personality Disorder Features Predict Emotion Regulation Use And Outcomes In Daily Life? An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Kayla Scamaldo
Do Borderline Personality Disorder Features Predict Emotion Regulation Use And Outcomes In Daily Life? An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Kayla Scamaldo
ETD Archive
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with emotion dysregulation, reflected by frequent use of maladaptive responses and infrequent use of adaptive responses. However, studies on emotion regulation (ER) use and BPD have primarily employed survey methodology and it’s unclear whether these responses are deployed in daily life. Further, it is unclear if there are differences in the effectiveness of various ER responses among individuals with elevated BPD symptoms. Therefore, this study examined whether BPD symptoms predict increased use of maladaptive strategies, including rumination, suppression, and substance use, and decreased use of adaptive strategies, distraction and problem solving, in daily life. …
Culture Shift: Values Of Generation X And Millennial Employees, Brent A. Stevenor
Culture Shift: Values Of Generation X And Millennial Employees, Brent A. Stevenor
ETD Archive
The current study measured levels of individualism and collectivism among Millennial and Generation X employees. With the Millennial generation being the most scrutinized in history, previous research suggests that Millennial and Generation X employees hold differing cultural values, causing the two generations to clash at work. This study revealed mixed findings in which there were certain instances where Millennial employees were more collectivistic than Generation X employees, and others in which they were more individualistic. In addition to the limitations and implications of the current study, a concluding remark on the current state of generational research is offered.
Arousal Or Relevance? Applying A Discrete Emotion Perspective To Aging And Affect Regulation, Sara E. Lautzenhiser
Arousal Or Relevance? Applying A Discrete Emotion Perspective To Aging And Affect Regulation, Sara E. Lautzenhiser
ETD Archive
While research in the psychology of human aging suggests that older adults are quite adept at managing negative affect, emotion regulation efficacy may depend on the discrete emotion elicited. For instance, prior research suggests older adults are more effective at dealing with emotional states that are more age-relevant/useful and lower in intensity (i.e., sadness) relative to less relevant/useful or more intense (i.e., anger). The goal of the present study was to probe this discrete emotions perspective further by addressing the relevance/intensity distinction within a broader set of negative affective states (i.e., fear and disgust, along with anger and sadness). Results …
The Role Of Dissociation And Hyperarousal In Adult Sexual Revictimization, Madeline S. Herman
The Role Of Dissociation And Hyperarousal In Adult Sexual Revictimization, Madeline S. Herman
ETD Archive
The purpose of the present study was to examine how child sexual abuse (CSA), hyperarousal symptoms, and dissociation symptoms are associated with sexual revictimization in adulthood. The study hypothesized that (A) a history of CSA will be associated with greater instances of adult sexual victimization, (B) higher rates of hyperarousal will be associated with lower rates of adult sexual revictimization in survivors of CSA, (C) higher rates of dissociation will be associated with higher rates of adult sexual revictimization in survivors of CSA, and (D) in looking at both hyperarousal and dissociation, hyperarousal symptoms will buffer the relationship between CSA …
Rumination And Positive Autobiographical Memories In Depression: An Examination Of The Undermining Effect Of Maladaptive Emotion Regulation On Adaptive Emotion Regulation, Pranav R. Bolla
ETD Archive
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent disorder of a recurrent nature that enacts a high burden across many domains. MDD has been conceptualized as a disorder of emotion regulation deficits in the frequent use of maladaptive ER responses as opposed to adaptive ER responses. While adaptive ER responses have been generally found to be efficacious in reducing distress within laboratory settings, they often fail to predict depression symptoms, do not differentiate those at high- from low-risk for MDD, and do not prognosticate risk for new MDD episodes. Given the preponderance of evidence suggesting a reliance on maladaptive ER …
Development And Validation Of The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale In A Sample Of Social Media Users, Megan Nicole Mancini
Development And Validation Of The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale In A Sample Of Social Media Users, Megan Nicole Mancini
ETD Archive
This study examined the psychometric worth of a piloted measure, Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale for Social Media Users (STSS-SM). The STSS-SM is a 17-item instrument designed to measure intrusion, avoidance, and arousal symptoms associated with indirect exposure to traumatic events via social media use. Young adult social media users (N = 144) completed a survey containing the STSS-SM and measures of depression, trauma history, social media use, and demographics. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model of secondary traumatic stress in social media users. Additionally, evidence for internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity were found. These findings suggest …
A Grounded Theory Investigation Of Supervisors’ Perspectives On Multicultural Strength-Based Supervision, Erica D. Wiley
A Grounded Theory Investigation Of Supervisors’ Perspectives On Multicultural Strength-Based Supervision, Erica D. Wiley
ETD Archive
This study addressed an area of supervision that is important to the identity of Counseling Psychologists: multicultural strength-based clinical supervision. Clinical supervision is instrumental to the development of psychological skills and knowledge and is an essential component of masters and doctoral training in psychology. This research explored the ways that clinical supervisors attempt to incorporate strength-based clinical supervision in conjunction with multicultural supervision strategies and concepts into their work with students, which has not previously been done. This study was a qualitative investigation using grounded theory and adapted consensual qualitative research methodology and analysis. Participants included 14 diverse licensed psychologists …
High School Discipline Policies And The Teacher-Student Relationship, Sara Elizabeth Nardone
High School Discipline Policies And The Teacher-Student Relationship, Sara Elizabeth Nardone
ETD Archive
Relationships play a central role of human development by fostering connection and growth in individuals (Josselson, 1992). Adolescence is a stage of development in which relationships are perhaps most integral because they help youth navigate the changes that come with this developmental phase. Teacher-student relationships are one of the most influential relationships for youth because teacher-student relationships impact students’ academic achievement and educational experience (Ellerbrock et al., 2015; Wilkins, 2014). There are many factors that contribute to positive teacher-student relationships. An area of research that has not gained as much attention regarding teacher-student relationships is discipline in schools. High schools …
Psychosocial Analysis Of An Ethnography At The Cuyahoga County Public Defenders Office, Ernest M. Oleksy
Psychosocial Analysis Of An Ethnography At The Cuyahoga County Public Defenders Office, Ernest M. Oleksy
The Downtown Review
Too often, social science majors become jaded with their field of study due to a misperception of the nature of many potential jobs which they are qualified for. Such discord is prevalent amongst undergraduates who strive for work in the criminal justice system. Hollywood misrepresentations become the archetypes of the aforementioned field, leaving out the necessity and ubiquity of accompanying desk work. Still other social science majors struggle to identify theoretical interpretations in praxis.