A Policy Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Three Strikes Law As A Crime Deterrent,
2021
Longwood University
A Policy Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Three Strikes Law As A Crime Deterrent, Nathan Owens
Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry
The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of Three Strikes Law at reducing rates of violent crime. A systematic review of studies conducted to assess the impact of this policy on stated outcomes indicates that the policy is an ineffective means of reducing violent crime. In addition, the policy increased costs for prisons, overrepresented non-violent felony offenders, and caused a significant increase in overcrowded prisons.
The Effectiveness Of The Decriminalization Of Prostitution On Rates Of Sex Trafficking.,
2021
Longwood University
The Effectiveness Of The Decriminalization Of Prostitution On Rates Of Sex Trafficking., Madison Van Dyke
Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry
The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the effectiveness of the decriminalization of prostitution on rates of sex trafficking. A systematic review of studies conducted to assess the impact of this policy on stated outcomes indicates that the policy is an ineffective means of reducing rates of sex trafficking. In addition, decriminalization has created unintended consequences in the criminal justice field that have led to a black market for sex trafficking.
The Effectiveness Of Victim-Witness Advocate Services,
2021
Longwood University
The Effectiveness Of Victim-Witness Advocate Services, Carmen Mehling
Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry
The victims' movement in the United States occurred due to the development of victimology, the introduction of state victim compensation programs, the rise of the women's movement, and the rise of crime that was accompanied by a parallel dissatisfaction with the criminal justice system. The interest in victimology was due to the increasing concern about crime in America in the late 1960s. Research by Frank Cannavale found that the largest cause of prosecution failure was due to a lack of cooperation among victims-witnesses who stopped helping the justice system because it was indifferent to their most basic needs (Young & …
Front End Justice: Diverting People Affected By Mental Illness From The Criminal Justice System,
2021
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Front End Justice: Diverting People Affected By Mental Illness From The Criminal Justice System, Ariel Esqueda, Kelliann Kutschke, Matthew Miller, Kayleigh Wendland
Master of Social Work Student Policy Advocacy Briefs
Many of the people caught up in the criminal justice system are non-violent offenders struggling with mental illness, which cannot and should not be addressed through incarceration. Our jails and prisons are ill-equipped to provide effective mental health services. Incarceration compounds the problem by contributing to increased psychological distress. We are relying on the criminal justice system to respond to mental illness, rather than investing fully in the spectrum of mental health care from prevention to recovery. Minnesota must invest in diverting people affected by mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into community-based treatment, services, and supports …
To What Extent Is The Death Penalty A Tool Of Racial Terror In America, And How Can We Fix It?,
2021
Grand Valley State University
To What Extent Is The Death Penalty A Tool Of Racial Terror In America, And How Can We Fix It?, Gabrielle Boileau
Honors Projects
In this project, I seek to answer the question: To what extent is the death penalty a tool of racial terror in America, and how can we fix it? America has long been plagued by the legacy of slavery and white supremacy. In the reconstruction era, when slavery was no longer legal, angry white citizens would simply round up African-Americans and lynch them if they felt they had done something “wrong”. However, in the modern era, such blatant displays of racism are illegal, and the racist views of society are subverted into the court system. Black men are disproportionately arrested …
Indigenous Peoples' Trust In Police: Multi-Jurisdictional Issues And The Effect On Reporting,
2021
University of South Dakota
Indigenous Peoples' Trust In Police: Multi-Jurisdictional Issues And The Effect On Reporting, Anna R. Doering
Honors Thesis
The crisis of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Peoples (MMIP) has occurred for centuries. The current structure of the criminal justice system relies on trust and cooperation between law enforcement agencies and citizens to combat such crises. The purpose of this research project is to assess how, if at all, Indigenous peoples’ trust in police and willingness to report at the tribal, state, and federal levels impact MMIP. These two dependent variables were assessed using survey results from Indigenous peoples 18 and older. Discussion will focus on how these variables impact MMIP moving forward.
The “Innocence Penalty”: Is It More Pronounced For Juveniles?,
2021
Penn State Dickinson Law
The “Innocence Penalty”: Is It More Pronounced For Juveniles?, Nilam A. Sanghvi, Elizabeth A. Delosa
Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)
Despite the presumption of innocence, we know that individuals accused of crimes are punished for maintaining their innocence in ways both tangible and intangible as they make their way through our criminal justice system. For example, even if instructed not to, jurors may infer guilt from a defendant’s failure to testify; defendants who exercise their right to go to trial receive lengthier sentences if convicted than those who plead guilty; and, once convicted, defendants who maintain their innocence are often denied opportunities for parole or clemency. This article explores whether these “innocence penalties” are even greater for children who are …
A Macro Analysis Of Illegal Hunting And Fishing Across Texas Counties: Using An Economic Structural Approach,
2021
University of South Florida
A Macro Analysis Of Illegal Hunting And Fishing Across Texas Counties: Using An Economic Structural Approach, Leo J. Genco Jr.
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this disseration is to examine the distribution of illegal hunting and fishing violations across Texas counties in respect to the economic structure. Illegal hunting plays a part in the extraction of resources that are overly withdrawn, and criminologists have ignored this form of deviancy that has large ramifications for the environment. To view this criminal phenomenon, the study uses the Treadmill of Production theory to determine economic structural factors and whether those factors explain the distribution of illegal hunting and fishing. Using regression analyses and SatScan, the findings suggested that while there are significant factors related to …
The Absence Or Misuse Of Statistics In Forensic Science As A Contributor To Wrongful Convictions: From Pattern Matching To Medical Opinions About Child Abuse,
2021
University of Wisconsin-Madison
The Absence Or Misuse Of Statistics In Forensic Science As A Contributor To Wrongful Convictions: From Pattern Matching To Medical Opinions About Child Abuse, Keith A. Findley
Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)
The new scrutiny that has been applied to the forensic sciences since the emergence of DNA profiling as the gold standard three decades ago has identified numerous concerns about the absence of a solid scientific footing for most disciplines. This article examines one of the lesser-considered problems that afflicts virtually all of the pattern-matching (or “individualization”) disciplines (largely apart from DNA), and even undermines the validity of other forensic disciplines like forensic pathology and medical determinations about child abuse, particularly Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma (SBS/AHT). That problem is the absence or misuse of statistics. This article begins by applying …
Racial Sympathy And Support For Capital Punishment: A Case Study In Concept Transfer,
2021
University of Cincinnati
Racial Sympathy And Support For Capital Punishment: A Case Study In Concept Transfer, Kellie R. Hannan, Francis T. Cullen, Leah C. Butler, Amanda K. Graham, Alexander L. Burton, Velmer S. Burton Jr.
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications
Beliefs about race, especially racial resentment, are key predictors of public support for capital punishment and punitiveness generally. Drawing on a conceptual innovation by political scientist Jennifer Chudy, we explore the utility of transferring into criminology her construct of racial sympathy – or Whites’ concern about Blacks’ suffering. First, across three data sets, we replicate Chudy’s finding that racial sympathy and resentment are empirically distinct constructs. Second, based on a national-level 2019 YouGov survey (n = 760 White respondents) and consistent with Chudy’s thesis, racial sympathy is then shown to be significantly related to the race-specific view that capital punishment …
Gendered Pronouns And Rape Myth Acceptance,
2021
Grand Valley State University
Gendered Pronouns And Rape Myth Acceptance, Cassandra M. Merritt
Masters Theses
Rape myths, and the acceptance of these rape myths, have been studied extensively for the last several decades. Since the 1980s, researchers have used various rape myth acceptance (RMA) scalesRape Myth Acceptance Scale (Burt 1980), the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (Payne et al., 1999), and the Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (McMahon & Farmer, 2011)-to examine whether certain factors (e.g., gender, just world beliefs, gender norm conformity, and police officer bias) influence individual RMA levels. Little to no research has explored how gendered pronouns used in these scales influence the levels of RMA measured. This study seeks to …
The Applicability Of Understanding Hypervigilance In Law Enforcement,
2021
Liberty University
The Applicability Of Understanding Hypervigilance In Law Enforcement, Garrett Ingram
Senior Honors Theses
Hypervigilance is a condition characterized by a state of heightened awareness in the absence of a threat. Hypervigilance can occur for many reasons, ranging from stressful events or scenarios, to training, to personality. Because of the nature of law enforcement, hypervigilance is an issue that affects law enforcement officers as well as the people with whom they interact on a regular basis. It is important to gain a full understanding of hypervigilance and how it affects decision making, interactions, and quality of life, which has its own effects. By understanding these issues, law enforcement officers can overcome the issues associated …
Criminal Mental Health,
2021
Liberty University
Criminal Mental Health, Tabitha Oliver
Senior Honors Theses
The purpose of this thesis is to assess and address the prevalence of mental health issues among incarcerated individuals in America. There are multiple internal and external contributing factors to the disproportionately high numbers of mentally ill inmates. Comparing the United States prison system with other countries such as Norway allows for possible paths to improving the mental health crisis that we are currently experiencing. This thesis looks at the principles and practices used in Norway's prisons as well as how they affect inmate's mental health. By comparing Norway's prison policies and design, this thesis will suggest changes in staff …
The Ineffectiveness Of The Reid Technique In Law Enforcement Interrogations And How A Non-Accusatory Model Of Interview Can Be Applied In Law Enforcement Interviews In The United States,
2021
Pace University
The Ineffectiveness Of The Reid Technique In Law Enforcement Interrogations And How A Non-Accusatory Model Of Interview Can Be Applied In Law Enforcement Interviews In The United States, Angie Chen
Honors College Theses
The research questions that this thesis explored were “Why the Reid Technique is Ineffective for Law Enforcement Interrogations?” and “How a Non-Accusatory Model of Interview Can Be Applied in Law Enforcement Interviews in the United States.” In recent years, the harmful effects of using a confrontational, adversarial interrogation method, such as the Reid technique, have emerged. These interrogation methods are based on pseudoscience. The effects of these types of interrogation methods can include psychological harm and false confessions. Professionals and officials in the law enforcement field are exploring new options for interviewing including non-accusatory methods such as the PEACE model. …
Calls For Accountability: Redefining The Culture Of Policing In Las Vegas,
2021
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Calls For Accountability: Redefining The Culture Of Policing In Las Vegas, Olivia Cheche
Undergraduate Research Symposium Podium Presentations
In summer 2020, national attention on racial injustice brought into focus the culture of policing as a critical area of policy exploration for the United States. The purpose of this study is to examine the culture of policing in the Las Vegas metropolitan area, and specifically within Las Vegas’s largest police force, the Las Vegas Metro Police Department (LVMPD). Through this case study analysis, the racial, social and fiscal aspects of the culture of policing are investigated between the years 2016 & 2020. The research here presents data on disparities within policing found at the national and local levels. The …
The Challenges Of Identifying Dangers Online And Predictors Of Victimization,
2021
Appalachian State University, U.S.A.
The Challenges Of Identifying Dangers Online And Predictors Of Victimization, Catherine D. Marcum
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
This short paper will provide an overview of the impressive pieces included in this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime. This issue includes articles on the following pertinent topic, utilizing a range of approaches and methodologies: 1) online credibility; 2) cyberbullying; and 3) unauthorized access of information. An emphasis on the importance of policy development and better protection of potential victims is a common thread throughout the issue.
Why So Long? Examining The Nexus Between Case Complexity And Delay In Florida’S Death Penalty System,
2021
University of South Carolina
Why So Long? Examining The Nexus Between Case Complexity And Delay In Florida’S Death Penalty System, Corey Daniel Burton
Theses and Dissertations
Over the last few decades, there has been greater recognition that increased time on death row is a significant problem in the United States that is getting worse. Beginning with the U.S. Supreme Court’s denial of certiorari in Lackey v. Texas (514 U.S. 1045, 1995), numerous defendants have attempted to assert Eighth Amendment claims of cruel and unusual punishment on the grounds that the length of their death row confinement combined with their subsequent execution is unconstitutional. Although such claims have been unsuccessful in the U.S. Supreme Court, other federal courts have examined the issue. In 2014, the Central District …
A Descriptive Study Of Serial Killers And The Presence Of Macdonald Triad Symptoms,
2021
Grand Valley State University
A Descriptive Study Of Serial Killers And The Presence Of Macdonald Triad Symptoms, Vivian A. Zuniga
Masters Theses
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was an increased likelihood of the presence of Macdonald Triad symptoms (animal cruelty, bedwetting, and firesetting) based on different types of abuse (physical, sexual, or psychological) among serial killers. The sample of this study was of 149 serial killers, all of whom met the requirements of being male and having killed 3 or more victims. The results support the three hypotheses that serial killers who have faced physical, sexual, or psychological abuse were more likely to display Macdonald Triad symptoms compared to those who were not abused. In addition, the …
How To Get Away With Murder: The Effectiveness Of Blood Detectors On Surfaces Cleaned Of Blood,
2021
University of Lynchburg
How To Get Away With Murder: The Effectiveness Of Blood Detectors On Surfaces Cleaned Of Blood, Grace Cavanaugh
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
The purpose of this experiment was to test blood detectors against household cleaners. Similar experiments have been run before, but not on the selected surfaces. It is important to understand what one is looking for at a crime scene, and what a cleaned surface may look like. Four surfaces were chosen for this experiment: ceramic tile as a control, concrete, laminated wood flooring, and drywall. For each surface, 0.5mL of pig’s blood was allowed to dry before being cleaned off with either Clorox bleach, Dawn soap and hot water, a Mr. Clean Magic Eraser, or Mrs. Meyer’s Multi-Purpose Concentrate. Bluestar …
The Plan Starts Now: A Study Of Juvenile Delinquency And A Re-Entry Program Back Into The Community,
2021
DePaul University
The Plan Starts Now: A Study Of Juvenile Delinquency And A Re-Entry Program Back Into The Community, Lynell Porch
College of Education Theses and Dissertations
African American youth are five times as likely as whites to be detained or committed to youth facilities; 1 out of 10 high school dropouts are institutionalized. $8–21 billion is spent locking up juvenile delinquents. The educational system has failed many African American youth, which can lead them into delinquency. These youth are disregarded in the educational system, placed in overcrowded classrooms, and often dismissed as unable to learn. The results of this are school to prison pipeline. Many youths have learning disabilities that are not addressed by teachers, so youth began acting out. These are acts of attention and …
