Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons^™

Race, Ethnicity, And Prosecution In Cook County, Illinois, Besiki Luka Kutateladze, Rebecca Richardson, Ryan Meldrum, Don Stemen, David Olson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Maria Arndt, Dylan Matthews, Sadhika Soor

Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works

The analyses reveal few differences in outcomes across racial/ ethnic groups in Cook County. When looking at case approval, dispositions, and charge reductions for all felony offenses combined, differences in the probability of specific outcomes by race/ethnicity are relatively small after accounting for other case factors such as offense severity or number of charges. For many decision points, differences in the probability of specific outcomes range from just 0 percentage points to 4 percentage points across racial/ethnic groups. When looking at specific offense types – person, weapons, property, drugs – differences in the probability of case approval, dispositions, and charge …

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Ohio's Certificate Of Relief, Peter Leasure

Theses and Dissertations

Employment has been cited as a factor that can aid one's desistance from criminal activity. However, research has consistently demonstrated that those with criminal history face significant barriers to securing employment. In recognition of this problem, most states have implemented various rights restoration mechanisms aimed to increase employment opportunities for ex-offenders. One of these mechanisms, the certificate of relief, aims to aid ex-offenders in their job search by ensuring employers that certificate holders are not a safety risk, providing employers with negligent hiring immunity, and removing occupational licensing bans. A handful of studies have examined whether this mechanism improved hiring …

“Un Sistema Abandonado”: Una Investigación Sobre El Acceso A Servicios De Salud Sexual Integral Para Mujeres Privadas De La Libertad En Argentina. / “An Abandoned System”: An Investigation Into The Access Of Comprehensive Sexual Health Services For Incarcerated Women In Argentina., Erica Harp

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

En esta investigación, exploramos algunas percepciones del acceso a servicios de salud sexual integral para mujeres privadas de su libertad en Argentina. Las mujeres tienen necesidades de salud muy específicas, y aunque cada una tiene el derecho humano a una atención de salud adecuada, esto no se cumple en muchos casos. Con respecto a la salud en contextos de encierro, Argentina sigue las reglas de Bangkok, leyes federales y provinciales, que requieren atención médica adecuada para mujeres. Investigaciones anteriores han mostrado que hay una gran falta de atención médica en los sistemas penitenciarios del país, específicamente de servicios complementarios como …

Systems Of Crime And Castigation: A Reevaluation Of The Punishment Bureaucracy, Lia Pikus

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Models of reform within the criminal justice system often operate from a top-down perspective, affecting change on surface levels to attempt to better the system. One example of such a reform is Scotland’s Presumption Against Short Sentences. These kinds of changes, as I will illustrate in this paper, both fall short of achieving genuine change and often produce negative side effects. However, a few countries have made deeper changes to the ways their systems both view and handle crime and punishment; one such system is Norway. Through rehabilitation and restorative justice, Norway has greatly decreased rates of recidivism, increased social …

Inequality In Crime And The Criminal Justice System, Kyleigh A. Dinnien

Student Publications

This piece is to reflect upon the current criminal justice system we currently live in. There are significant gaps in reform and punishment when looking at minorities. This paper reflects the corruptness that is the criminal justice system and the segregated world we continue to live in today.

Vocational And Life Skills Monthly Data Update: October 2019, Uno Nebraska Center For Justice Research, Katelynn Towne, Michael Campagna

Reports

Grantees use an online data management system to submit data on participants served under their Vocational and Life Skills programming. This data is due monthly and reflects all services provided during the previous month to participants. Evaluators at the Nebraska Center for Justice Research work with grantees directly to manage data entry errors on an ongoing basis during update calls and site visits.

The current data derives from an active database, from which data is being entered and updated daily. Data values, including previously submitted information, may fluctuate depending on the duration of lag between service delivery and data entry. …

The Role Of Hospitable And Inhospitable States In The Process Of Refugee Resettlement In The United States, Claire Nolasco, Daniel Braaten

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications (Archived)

Although the resettlement of refugees is always politically contentious in host countries, the current global refugee crisis has only magnified those contentions. In the United States and in many European countries there has been a strong backlash against the resettlement of refugees particularly those from Muslim majority countries. However, within countries such as the U.S. there are areas of the country that are more anti-refugee than others. The purpose of this paper is to explore the variation in refugee resettlement across the fifty U.S. states from 2002-2010. Refugee resettlement in the U.S. is done in conjunction with the federal government, …

Construing The Legality Of Solitary Confinement: Analysis Of United States Federal Court Jurisprudence, Claire Nolasco, Michael S. Vaughn

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications (Archived)

This article analyzes the constitutional parameters of solitary confinement, administrative segregation, and/or punitive isolation within correctional facilities in the United States. After briefly discussing the harmful effects of isolation and the number of inmates subject to this type of confinement, it explains the U.S. Supreme Court’s “atypical and significant hardship” standard for assessing the legality of segregation. Evaluation of 68 cases decided by the 12 U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals reveals how each Circuit decides when conditions of segregation amount to an “atypical and significant hardship” for the inmate, creating a liberty interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process …

K-12 School Killers Speak: A Qualitative Analysis Of Interviews, Surveys, Holiday Cards, And Conversations, Gordon A. Crews, Garrison A. Crews

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

•The purpose of this presentation is to offer: •Qualitative content analysis of various communications •interviews, surveys, holiday cards, and conversations •36 current/former incarcerated K-12 American school violence perpetrators •their views on the causes of K-12 school violence in the United States •Extremely candid and unique information •many freely offered insights as to their own involvement in incidents •analyzed using the qualitative data analysis software package NVivo 12 •Coding categories and themes •analytical units/categories •relationship between teachers and students •personal views on such violence (placing of blame/lack of personal guilt) •causes of violence (revenge, mistreatment, hopelessness, environment), and, possible solutions •Materials …

Understanding Offender Needs Over Forms Of Isolation Using A Repeated Measures Design, Michael F. Campagna, Melissa A. Kowalski, Laurie A. Drapela, Mary K. Stohr, Elizabeth Thompson Tollefsbol, Youngki Woo, Xiaohan Mei, Zachary K. Hamilton

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

A number of studies find that solitary confinement is associated with mental impairment. Yet, confinement dosage and which individual and exogenous variables lead to mental impairment have received less attention. This study of 2 years of data on disciplinary segregation male inmates employs a repeated measures design to examine how isolation affects mental health and psychological needs. The findings indicate that the duration of disciplinary segregation and incarceration, incidence of homelessness, and other individual-level factors had deleterious effects on mental health and psychological needs. Vocational programming and a high school education were found to be protective factors for psychological needs.

Aggrieved Entitlement In The Ivory Tower: Exploratory Qualitative Results From A Large-Scale Campus Climate Survey, Walter S. Dekeseredy, Kathryn Burnham, Robert Nicewarner, James Nolan, Amanda K. Hall-Sanchez

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"A number of key risk factors are associated with racist, sexist, and homophobic practices on North American college campuses. However, one additional determinant that has thus far been overlooked is male aggrieved entitlement. Using exploratory qualitative data gleaned by the Campus Quality of Life Survey administered at a large college in the South Atlantic region of the United States, the main objective of this article is to help fill a major research gap by showing that aggrieved entitlement is a correlate that warrants more attention in future empirical and theoretical work on campus climates."

It’S Dirty Work But Someone Has To Do It: An Examination Of Correctional Officer Taint Management Techniques, Scott Chenault, Brooke Collins

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Since the 1950s scholars have applied the term dirty work to occupations that society views as demoralizing or disgusting. Occupations are labeled as dirty when they require work which is physically, socially and/or morally tainted. Correctional officers experience pervasive levels of all three types of taint while working in a low prestige occupation. This article relies on ethnographic data to examine how occupational stigma management techniques are taught to new officers and what techniques are most prominent. The findings indicate that new officers are taught occupational ideologies regarding stigma management primarily through sense-making and storytelling. We find that officers manage …

Ethically Representing Drug Use: Photographs And Ethnographic Research With People Who Use Methamphetamine, Heith Copes, Whitney Tchoula, Jared Ragland

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"The use of photographs in criminological research can be an important tool for both collecting data and illustrating findings. When used in published research, photographs can aid in viewers connecting with the subject matter and the participants. However, photographs can also reify and reinforce cultural stereotypes. We believe that the potential damage done by including photographs can be mitigated when the photographs are properly contextualized. Our aim here is to argue for the value of contextualized photographs in research with those who engage in crime or deviance. We illustrate how by including the stories of participants and ourselves we can …

An Analytical History Of Black Female Lynchings In The United States, 1838-1969, David V. Baker, Gilbert Garcia

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Narratives on the lynching of black females in the United States have rarely commanded much more than minor postscripts in the lynching scholarship, thus leaving the historical picture of lynching violence incomplete and distorted. To correct for this unfinished portrait of American lynchings, the present work provides a contextual history on black females victimized largely by white male terrorists. To distinguish black female lynchings and bring into sharper focus the wretched horror suffered by black women and young black girls, this work constructs an inventory of 188 confirmed cases of black females lynched mostly by white mobsters from 1838 to …

“I Did What I Believe Is Right”: A Study Of Neutralizations Among Anonymous Operation Participants, Kimberly A. Detardo-Bora, Erica N. Clark, Bill Gardner

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Our knowledge of online activists or hacktivists is growing, but it is still far from complete. The reasons why some of these individuals violate computer laws or how they justify their behavior remains elusive, yet one particular framework that lends itself to understanding a hacker or hacktivist’s belief system is Sykes and Matza’s (1957) neutralization theory. The present study involved a content analysis of publicly available commentary found online and made by participants in Anonymous operations against United States targets from 2008-2013. Over 13,000 words were analyzed, and of the 384 passages of text and phrases, roughly 62% of passages …

#Jesuisparis?: An Appeal To Hypocrisy And Justifications For Mass Casualty Violence, Karyn Sporer, Michael K. Logan, Gina S. Ligon, Doug C. Derrick

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

We draw from Sykes and Matza’s techniques of neutralization theory to interpret how Islamic State and the Levant (ISIL) soft-sympathizers justify violence perpetrated by ISIL. Data come from Tweets associated with ISIL-affiliated accounts that occurred within 24 hours of three high-profile ISIL-attributed attacks: Paris, Nice, and Orlando. Our findings suggest that condemnation of the condemners was a particularly salient neutralization technique used to point out the perverse motives and inconsistent behaviors of Western armed forces, media, and the public. More specifically, we found that the condemnation of the condemners was underlined by three specific claims: (1) comparable violence, (2) …

Comparative Examination Of Two Police Departments In Portland, Oregon’S Greater Metropolitan Area, Analyzing Assault Related Offense Reports Against: Departmental Community-Policing Practices And Clearance-Rates, Elizabeth R. Ackerman

University Honors Theses

Community policing is touted as the solution to fostering restoration between communities and policing agencies across the United States. However, this remains a widely unregulated policy area where minimal assessments of available data exist on the effectiveness of community policing reform. Given the nature of police brutality and the struggles of policing agencies across the United States there is increasing need to measure outcomes. This research finds that community policing does serve as a proactive tool for crime rate reduction and prevention.

Working With The Police: A Positive Outlook From A National Sample Of Probation And Parole Officers, Adam K. Matz, Bitna Kim

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Feedback Effect: Does Exposure To Interviewer Feedback Affect An Observer's Perception Of Veracity And Guilt?, Kayla A. Harrod

Student Theses

Historically, assessing deception has been rooted in the belief that a guilty suspect displays signs of anxiety. Based on a suspect’s physical demeanor and other behavioral cues presented during an interrogative session, law enforcement personnel (LEP) will utilize a set of techniques to elicit information about a crime. One such technique is the administration of feedback, which is the verbal assessment of a suspect’s guilt. The issue that stems from administering feedback lies not only in how it is given but also how it is received and interpreted by others. In a two-part study, the possibility of a “Feedback Effect” …

The Future Of Cybercrime Prevention Strategies: Human Factors And A Holistic Approach To Cyber Intelligence, Sinchul Back, Jennifer Laprade

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

New technology is rapidly emerging to fight increasing cybercrime threats, however, there is one important component of a cybercrime that technology cannot always impact and that is human behavior. Unfortunately, humans can be vulnerable and easily deceived making technological advances alone inadequate in the cybercrime fight. Instead, we must take a more holistic approach by using technology and better understanding the human factors that make cybercrime possible. In this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime, three studies contribute to our knowledge of human factors and emerging cybercrime technology so that more effective comprehensive cybercrime prevention strategies …