Earth’S Orbital Prison: Codifying Customary Law To Prevent Environmental Catastrophe In Space,
2025
United States Air Force Academy
Earth’S Orbital Prison: Codifying Customary Law To Prevent Environmental Catastrophe In Space, Jacob Cook
Space and Defense
This article argues that the accelerating proliferation of space debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) poses an existential threat to the sustainability of the orbital environment—one comparable in strategic gravity to nuclear deterrence during the Cold War. Drawing on liberal internationalist theory and the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), the paper asserts that deliberate satellite destruction through anti-satellite (ASAT) testing and negligent debris generation risk triggering a self-sustaining cascade of collisions known as the Kessler Syndrome. Existing treaties, including the Outer Space Treaty and the Artemis Accords, lack enforceable mechanisms to prevent such catastrophic harm. To fill this …
Enabling The Decisive Advantage,
2025
former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State
Enabling The Decisive Advantage, Mallory Stewart
Space and Defense
In her keynote address at the 2025 USSPACECOM Legal Conference, former Assistant Secretary of State Mallory Stewart argues that law, norms, and international cooperation are central to maintaining the United States’ “decisive advantage” in outer space. She emphasizes that rules and standards—far from constraining innovation or strategic flexibility—enhance predictability, reduce risk, and empower responsible competition. Stewart highlights the success of initiatives such as the Artemis Accords, the U.S. commitment to forgo destructive direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) tests, and the global expansion of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) agreements as examples of how legal and normative frameworks reinforce stability and collaboration. She …
Space, Law, And National Security,
2025
United States Space Force
Space, Law, And National Security, Stephen Whiting
Space and Defense
In his address to the 2025 USSPACECOM Legal Conference, General Stephen Whiting underscores the indispensable role of legal professionals in shaping the future of military space operations and maintaining the rules-based international order in an increasingly contested domain. He outlines the rapid transformation of the space environment driven by commercial innovation, technological proliferation, and the accelerating threat landscape posed by adversaries such as China and Russia. The speech highlights U.S. Space Command’s three “moral responsibilities”: ensuring the delivery of space capabilities to the joint force and allies, protecting and defending critical space assets, and safeguarding the joint force from space-enabled …
Allied Abandonment And Nuclear Proliferation: Lessons From South Korea’S Secret Nuclear Program,
2025
United States Air Force Academy
Allied Abandonment And Nuclear Proliferation: Lessons From South Korea’S Secret Nuclear Program, Joseph W. Brown
Space and Defense
This article examines South Korea’s clandestine nuclear weapons program of the 1970s as a historical case study for understanding how perceptions of allied abandonment can drive nuclear proliferation. Drawing on alliance theory and archival evidence, the paper situates Seoul’s nuclear ambitions within the context of U.S. burden-shifting under the Nixon Doctrine, subsequent troop withdrawals, and diplomatic retrenchment across East Asia. Despite the continued U.S. military presence, South Korean leaders interpreted American rhetoric and policy actions as signaling a waning commitment to the alliance, prompting the initiation of a secret weapons program under President Park Chung-hee. The study identifies two enduring …
In Defense Of Space Offense,
2025
United States Air Force Academy
In Defense Of Space Offense, Alexander R. Kleitz
Space and Defense
This article argues that in the unique physical and operational environment of outer space, offensive operations hold intrinsic advantages over defensive ones. Drawing upon classical military theorists such as Clausewitz and Corbett, the author contends that the traditional dominance of the defensive form of war—rooted in terrestrial conditions—does not extend to celestial conflict. The transparency and remoteness of the space domain neutralize key defensive benefits, such as proximity to supply bases, concealment, and fortified positions, while also diminishing the factors that typically cause terrestrial offensives to culminate. Consequently, space conflict favors the side that seizes and maintains the initiative through …
Raising Public Awareness On Space Themes: Analysis Of Brazilian Space Policy Using Data From Google Trends,
2025
Universidade de Brasília
Raising Public Awareness On Space Themes: Analysis Of Brazilian Space Policy Using Data From Google Trends, Andrea Felippe Cabello, Michele Melo
Space and Defense
This study examines whether Brazil’s national space policy goal of increasing public awareness of space activities has been met, using Google Trends data as a proxy for public interest. While public perception surveys are scarce outside the United States, web-based data provide a cost-effective and timely alternative for gauging public engagement. The authors analyzed two decades (2004–2024) of Brazilian search activity related to space topics, institutions, technologies, companies, and missions. Results show no clear upward trend in public interest, suggesting that Brazil’s stated policy objectives of raising awareness have not yet translated into measurable outcomes. Although searches related to government …
Costly Signals In Space: Increasing Credibility Via Strategic Disclosure,
2025
School of Advanced Air and Space Studies
Costly Signals In Space: Increasing Credibility Via Strategic Disclosure, Wendy N. Whitman Cobb
Space and Defense
As space becomes an increasingly vital domain for national security, debates persist about how much secrecy should surround U.S. military space programs. This article argues that the strategic declassification and disclosure of selected space capabilities can strengthen U.S. deterrence by enhancing the credibility of deterrent threats. Drawing from theories of costly signaling and audience costs, the paper introduces strategic disclosure as a novel form of costly signal. Such disclosure imposes bureaucratic and operational costs while exposing capabilities to potential adversary countermeasures—thereby demonstrating resolve and seriousness of intent. In tandem, greater public transparency about space programs cultivates informed domestic audiences capable …
Space And Defense Vol. 16 No. 2 Editor's Note,
2025
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Space And Defense Vol. 16 No. 2 Editor's Note, Damon Coletta
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Space And Defense Vol. 16 No. 2 Table Of Contents,
2025
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Space And Defense Vol. 16 No. 2 Table Of Contents, Editors Space And Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Space And Defense Vol. 16 No. 2 Front Matter,
2025
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Space And Defense Vol. 16 No. 2 Front Matter, Editors Space And Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Space & Defense Volume 16 Issue 2 Fall 2025 (Whole Issue),
2025
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Space & Defense Volume 16 Issue 2 Fall 2025 (Whole Issue), Editors Space And Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Martial Arts Studies: A Commentary On The Exploration Of Consciousness In Modern Martial Arts,
2025
California Institute of Integral Studies
Martial Arts Studies: A Commentary On The Exploration Of Consciousness In Modern Martial Arts, James H. Sutton
Journal of Conscious Evolution
The rapid globalization of martial arts has reconditioned how the beliefs, customs, and philosophies of traditionally based systems are interpreted and applied in modern practice. As contemporary scholarship struggles to accommodate the cultural histories, myths, and traditions that permeate the perception of martial arts in modern contexts, the focus of inquiry has shifted towards explaining cultural variations in practice rather than understanding the nature of self-awareness derived from self-practice. Consequently, the deeper meanings of martial arts as pathways to personal and transpersonal awareness are often invalidated in favor of objective and verifiable explications. In short, the role of consciousness is …
From Prompt To Prejudice: Visual Evidence From Ai Image Generation Platforms,
2025
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
From Prompt To Prejudice: Visual Evidence From Ai Image Generation Platforms, Jinu K. Varghese, Padma Rani
Markets, Globalization & Development Review
This study examines how AI image generation systems perpetuate digital orientalism through systematic cultural representation patterns that increasingly shape global digital markets and international development discourse. Using visual social semiotics methodology, we conducted comparative analysis of Midjourney and ChatGPT platforms across nine culturally specific prompts examining religious imagery, contemporary social dynamics, and power structures in Indian cultural contexts. Our findings reveal that both platforms consistently reproduce colonial-era representational frameworks despite culturally sensitive prompting and advanced technical capabilities. The analysis identifies three systematic patterns: temporal displacement strategies that acknowledge modernity while containing it within orientalist categories, institutional validation requirements that privilege …
Review Of Sheila A. Smith, Japan Rearmed: The Politics Of Military Power,
2025
Liberty University
Review Of Sheila A. Smith, Japan Rearmed: The Politics Of Military Power, Timothy C. Hebb
Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy
Sheila Smith, a long-time political scientist focused on Asia-Pacific studies and an expert on Japan specifically, would publish possibly her most influential work in 2019: Japan Rearmed: The Politics of Military Power. In this well-researched work of hers, she gives the reader an in-depth yet concise look at the reasons for Japan’s rearmament, the history of their Self Defense Force, and the challenging political situation that was built in the wake of a world war that still affects them today. This book goes over much of what is needed to understand why Japan’s military is in the shape it is …
Chinese Communist Party Infiltration Of U.S. Pacific Islands: Protecting American National Security Through Defending Strategic Pacific Assets,
2025
Liberty University
Chinese Communist Party Infiltration Of U.S. Pacific Islands: Protecting American National Security Through Defending Strategic Pacific Assets, Contessa Amedore
Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy
Many Americans picture the U.S.’s Western most border to be the coast of California. However, when threats have historically formed in the Pacific, U.S. Pacific Island territories have served as the nation’s first line of defense. Today, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have slowly but ambitiously deployed new age or ‘unrestricted’ warfare tactics against the United States and allies in their long awaited plan to assume global hegemony. Their illegal infiltration and psychological operations have gone past Taipei and reached American soil in Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa. This paper examines how the (CCP) uses unrestricted warfare …
Securitizing Kinmen: China’S Gray Zone Strategy And The Evolution Of The Kinmen Model,
2025
Old Dominion University
Securitizing Kinmen: China’S Gray Zone Strategy And The Evolution Of The Kinmen Model, Ian Murphy
Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications
This paper examines the evolving dynamics of cross-strait relations through the lens of securitization theory, focusing on China’s strategic deployment of what it calls the Kinmen Model and its implications for regional security. While existing discourse predominantly concentrates on a potential full-scale invasion of Taiwan, this study shifts attention to the strategic significance of the outlying islands and the nuanced employment of securitization to exert indirect control. Utilizing Vuori’s (2008) framework for analyzing securitization in non-democratic contexts, this research conducts a discourse analysis of nineteen Chinese language media sources to dissect the speech acts employed by Chinese media and their …
Simulation-Based Learning In Security Studies: A Rubric-Guided Approach To Nato–Russia Dynamics On The Korean Peninsula,
2025
Norwich University
Simulation-Based Learning In Security Studies: A Rubric-Guided Approach To Nato–Russia Dynamics On The Korean Peninsula, Travis Morris, Yangmo Ku, Maggie Mitchell
Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies
This article examines the implementation and efficacy of a team-taught simulation-based learning series designed to deepen students’ understanding of NATO–Russia interactions on the Korean Peninsula. Drawing on the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy and guided by a comprehensive rubric, this framework provides a structured, progressive approach to developing learners’ analytical, evaluative, and creative competencies. Through six sequential simulations using the SEERIST platform—culminating in strategic policy recommendations—students enhance their ability to recall foundational knowledge, apply complex concepts, analyze multifaceted scenarios, evaluate diverse outcomes, and propose innovative solutions. The article discusses theoretical underpinnings, the design and implementation of the simulation series, the associated …
From Curiosity To Research: Exploring The Papers Of The University Librarian At Uva,
2025
University of Virginia
From Curiosity To Research: Exploring The Papers Of The University Librarian At Uva, Veronica Fu
Journal of East Asian Libraries
This article traces an exploratory journey into the Papers of the University Librarian at the University of Virginia (UVA), shedding light on lesser-known aspects of Harry Clemons’ contributions beyond his tenure at UVA. A chance conversation led to a deeper investigation, which eventually developed into a research project. This article provides an overview of that research as well as reflections on the intellectual and emotional rewards of the exploration. It also touches on challenges in archival access and the importance of enhancing discoverability for future researchers.
Bridging The (U)Rban And (I)Ndividual To Transform Cities,
2025
Singapore Management University
Bridging The (U)Rban And (I)Ndividual To Transform Cities, Lily Kong
Asian Management Insights
Urban transformation efforts are often focused on infrastructure and technology issues, overlooking how the individual experiences the city. An interview with SMU President Professor Lily Kong.
From Great “Liberator” To “Landlord Seeking Rent”: The Implications Of U.S. Reciprocal Tariffs Policy In Asia And Beyond,
2025
Singapore Management University
From Great “Liberator” To “Landlord Seeking Rent”: The Implications Of U.S. Reciprocal Tariffs Policy In Asia And Beyond, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The post-war international economic order was, to a large extent, underwritten by U.S. leadership. Nowhere was this more visible than in Asia, where the United States not only financed post-colonial development but also provided open access to its huge market, laying the foundation for export-led growth across the region. It underpinned regional stability through a blend of military, diplomatic, and economic engagement, including costly interventions in the Korean and Vietnam wars. That legacy, however, was fundamentally disrupted on April 2, 2025, when the Trump administration unveiled sweeping tariffs targeting key Asian economies. As Singapore’s defense minister wryly observed, the United …
