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The Implementation Of Smart City Initiatives In Addressing Climate Change Challenges For The Transformation Of Jakarta Into A Resilient Global City, Roby Dwiputra, Nurulitha Andini Susetyo, Apriano Hanindito Amanza 2026 Department of Human Settlements, Spatial Planning and Land Affairs of DKI Jakarta Province, 10150, Indonesia

The Implementation Of Smart City Initiatives In Addressing Climate Change Challenges For The Transformation Of Jakarta Into A Resilient Global City, Roby Dwiputra, Nurulitha Andini Susetyo, Apriano Hanindito Amanza

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

Jakarta, a densely populated delta city and Indonesia's former capital undergoing post-relocation transformation, faces escalating climate change impacts, including land subsidence and tidal flooding. Annual subsidence rates of 5–25 cm in northern areas and recurrent tidal floods, including the December 2025 event, pose significant threats to urban sustainability and economic stability. This study employs a qualitative descriptive–analytic approach using a single-case study of Jakarta. Smart city initiatives are examined as governance instruments for climate resilience, drawing on secondary data from regulatory documents, real-time digital monitoring platforms, and global smart city performance indicators. The analysis applies thematic and comparative techniques supported …


Table Of Contents, The Editors 2026 China Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG)

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.


Research And Empirical Validation Of The Application Modes Of Multimodal Large Language Models For Coal Mines, WANG Guofa, WANG Jingyi, LIU Shuang, XU Zhe, LIU Mingrui 2026 State Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent Technology for Unmanned Coal Minings, Beijing 100013, China

Research And Empirical Validation Of The Application Modes Of Multimodal Large Language Models For Coal Mines, Wang Guofa, Wang Jingyi, Liu Shuang, Xu Zhe, Liu Mingrui

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Under the technological backdrop of large language models (LLMs), big data, and knowledge fusion, multimodal LLMs have found rapid application across traditional industries, including coal mining. However, the successful implementation and sustained operation of these models remain challenging. To address issues concerning the implementation and usage of multimodal LLMs in the construction of intelligent coal mines, this study conducted a multi-dimensional survey of multimodal LLM applications in coal mines, aiming to establish an LLM application paradigm that is suitable for the current management status and organizational structures for safe coal mining. Method Using content analysis, case analysis, and empirical …


Novel Connotations Of Green Exploration Oriented To Mine Ecological Restoration, HU Zhenqi, ZHANG Fan, ZHAO Yanling, LIANG Yusheng 2026 Institute of Land Spatial Ecological Security and Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Novel Connotations Of Green Exploration Oriented To Mine Ecological Restoration, Hu Zhenqi, Zhang Fan, Zhao Yanling, Liang Yusheng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Mineral resource exploitation inevitably causes ecological damage, while its green solution is rooted in green exploration. Currently, green exploration refers to activities aimed at avoiding, eliminating, or mitigating ecological pollution and damage caused by exploration operations, as well as those intended for the restoration of the ecosystem damaged in the exploration process. However, besides focusing on the exploration process, green exploration should provide geological guarantees for ecological restoration following resource exploitation. [Methods] In this study, the novel connotations of green exploration are proposed first. In other words, green exploration, which should be oriented to the demand for mine …


Advances In Research On Techniques For Petrographic Analysis And Tests Of Coals And Their Applications In China, SONG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Qun, FAN Zhangqun, JIANG Wenping 2026 CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China

Advances In Research On Techniques For Petrographic Analysis And Tests Of Coals And Their Applications In China, Song Xiaozhong, Zhang Qun, Fan Zhangqun, Jiang Wenping

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Techniques for petrographic analysis and tests of coals are critical to the accurate characterization of coals, oil, and gas, providing pivotal geological bases for coalfield exploration, formation condition investigation of coal deposits, clean and efficient coal utilization, and hydrocarbon resource evaluation. China's coal petrology commenced nearly a century ago, having progressively evolved into a key field serving the national energy strategy from the early-stage component identification and genetic investigation of coals. A standardization system suitable for the petrographic analysis and tests of coals with distinctive Chinese characteristics has been established. This system has found applications in industrial fields including …


Industrial Development Of Coalbed Methane Exploitation In China: A 30-Year Retrospective And Future Prospects, MENG Shangzhi, LI Yong, QIN Yong, LI Guofu, TANG Shuheng, XU Fengyin, WANG Yanbin, ZHANG Shouren, ZHANG Cong 2026 China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China

Industrial Development Of Coalbed Methane Exploitation In China: A 30-Year Retrospective And Future Prospects, Meng Shangzhi, Li Yong, Qin Yong, Li Guofu, Tang Shuheng, Xu Fengyin, Wang Yanbin, Zhang Shouren, Zhang Cong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The founding of China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd. in 1996 signals the entry of the coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation in China into the industrial development stage. A systematic summary of the development history, key technologies, and future trends of China's CBM industry is of great significance for gaining a deeper understanding of CBM exploitation patterns and promoting the high-quality development of the CBM industry. Based on a systematic investigation of relevant domestic and international literature, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the industrial development process of CBM exploitation in China, including development stages, technological evolution, and future …


Advances And Prospects Of Design Optimization Technologies For Differential Development With Three-Dimensional Well Patterns For Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: A Case Study Of The No. 8 Coal Seam In The Ordos Basin, YAN Xia, FANG Jianlong, MOU Chun, MENG Peilong, WANG Yuan, YU Xiang, FEI Shixiang, FENG Yanqing, ZHAO Longmei, LI Meng, CUI Yuehua, CHI Runlong, YANG Qing, HUANG Li, ZHENG Xiaopeng, YIN Zesong, WANG Congcong, MA Limin, ZHANG Shuang, LIU Shirui, ZHANG Yang, GUO Jiali 2026 China United Coalbed Methane National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China;PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Beijing 100028, China

Advances And Prospects Of Design Optimization Technologies For Differential Development With Three-Dimensional Well Patterns For Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: A Case Study Of The No. 8 Coal Seam In The Ordos Basin, Yan Xia, Fang Jianlong, Mou Chun, Meng Peilong, Wang Yuan, Yu Xiang, Fei Shixiang, Feng Yanqing, Zhao Longmei, Li Meng, Cui Yuehua, Chi Runlong, Yang Qing, Huang Li, Zheng Xiaopeng, Yin Zesong, Wang Congcong, Ma Limin, Zhang Shuang, Liu Shirui, Zhang Yang, Guo Jiali

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Design optimization for gas reservoir development serves as a key approach to the efficient exploitation, enhanced primary recovery, and elevated efficiency with reduced costs of deep coalbed methane (CBM). Methods In this study, the most extensively developed Ordos Basin in China was investigated as an example to explore the significant heterogeneity of the geological conditions of deep coal seams. Based on a fine-scale geological investigation of over 3 000 wells across the basin, this study systematically revealed the heterogeneity of the key parameters of deep coal reservoirs, including reservoir distribution, reservoir-cap rock assemblages, coal seam structure, and gas-bearing properties. …


Analysis Of Coal Seam Water Sources Based On Hydrochemistry And Water Isotopes, WEI Dong, WANG Hao, WANG Chungang, WANG Xiaodong, LIU Wei, WANG Qiangmin, LIU Quanhui, ZHOU Zhenfang, WANG Yutong 2026 Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Mining Limited Company, Xi’an 710065, China

Analysis Of Coal Seam Water Sources Based On Hydrochemistry And Water Isotopes, Wei Dong, Wang Hao, Wang Chungang, Wang Xiaodong, Liu Wei, Wang Qiangmin, Liu Quanhui, Zhou Zhenfang, Wang Yutong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The northern Yuheng mining area exhibits the widespread occurrence of water-bearing coal seams. This unique hydrogeological phenomenon poses a serious challenge to efficient mine roadway construction and safe coal mining in the mining area. The recharge sources of the coal seam water remain poorly understood, representing a primary bottleneck in the prevention and control of coal seam water hazards. Methods This study aims to reveal the recharge sources and evolutionary mechanisms of coal seam water in the northern Yuheng mining area. By integrating methods including hydrochemical analysis, isotope analysis, and inverse hydrogeochemical simulation, this study systematically investigated the hydrogeochemical …


Technologies And Typical Cases For The Prevention And Control Of Water Hazards Associated With Burnt Rocks In The Yushenfu Mining Area, WANG Shidong, WANG Hai, JI Zhongkui, ZHU Kaipeng, HAN Qiang, XUE Xiaoyuan, CHEN Pan, ZHAO Kaixing 2026 CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China;State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Ecology Protection in Open-pit Coal Mines, Xi’an 710077, China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Technology for Coal Mine Water Hazard, Xi’an 710077, China

Technologies And Typical Cases For The Prevention And Control Of Water Hazards Associated With Burnt Rocks In The Yushenfu Mining Area, Wang Shidong, Wang Hai, Ji Zhongkui, Zhu Kaipeng, Han Qiang, Xue Xiaoyuan, Chen Pan, Zhao Kaixing

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Brunt rocks are widely distributed in the Yushenfu mining area, predominantly occurring along rivers and gullies. These rocks are characterized by well-developed pores and fractures and weak to extremely strong water-yielding capacity, posing serious threats to roadway tunneling and mining for coal in the same layer or underlying them. Methods This study aims to effectively prevent and control water hazards associated with burnt rocks and reduce their threat. Through field surveys, statistical analysis, field experiments, and exemplary applications, along with exploration and monitoring and related analyses, this study analyzed the distribution of burnt rocks in the Yushenfu mining area …


Progress And Prospects Of Geothermal Resource Monitoring Technology, HAO Wenjie, LI Shengtao, WANG Huang, LIU Donglin, WANG Wanli, QIN Junsheng, JIN Xianpeng, SHEN Jian, LIU Shuai, YAO Yahui, HAO Shuli, REN Tao, LIU Zhe, MENG Xianwei, HOU Deren, REN Xiaoqing, JIA Xiaofeng, WEN Dongguang 2026 Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300309, China;Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Geoenvironment Monitoring, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300309, China;Tianjin Engineering Center of Geothermal Resources Exploration and Development, Tianjin 300309, China

Progress And Prospects Of Geothermal Resource Monitoring Technology, Hao Wenjie, Li Shengtao, Wang Huang, Liu Donglin, Wang Wanli, Qin Junsheng, Jin Xianpeng, Shen Jian, Liu Shuai, Yao Yahui, Hao Shuli, Ren Tao, Liu Zhe, Meng Xianwei, Hou Deren, Ren Xiaoqing, Jia Xiaofeng, Wen Dongguang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Geothermal resources represent a renewable energy source characterized by abundant reserves, extensive distribution, high stability and reliability, and green and low-carbon attributes. China has led the world in the direct utilization of geothermal energy for many years. Geothermal resource monitoring, which lays the groundwork for geothermal exploration, exploitation, and utilization, provides critical data required to determine dynamic changes in geothermal reservoirs and their surrounding geological environments, ensure long-term sustainable geothermal exploitation and utilization, and achieve the refined management and protection of geothermal resources. Advances In the narrow sense, geothermal resource monitoring technology is primarily applied to individual wells. In …


Multi-Objective Optimization And Performance Investigation Of Cementing Materials With High Thermal Conductivity Based On Response Surface Methodology, ZHAO Yongzhe, LI Wenhao, WANG Yijie, HAN Yongliang 2026 China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China;CCTEG Xi’an Geothermal Energy Development Co., Ltd., Xi’an 712100, China;CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China

Multi-Objective Optimization And Performance Investigation Of Cementing Materials With High Thermal Conductivity Based On Response Surface Methodology, Zhao Yongzhe, Li Wenhao, Wang Yijie, Han Yongliang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Geothermal energy has emerged as a strategic clean energy for the low-carbon transformation of the world's energy mix. Correspondingly, its efficient exploitation and utilization are crucial to the early achievement of the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. For geothermal resource exploitation, the thermal conductivity of cementing structures determines the efficiency of heat transfer from strata to geothermal well casings, establishing it as a key factor influencing the efficiency of geothermal energy extraction. Therefore, the research and development of cementing materials with high thermal conductivity can provide robust support for efficient geothermal resource exploitation.Methods The …


Advances In Research On Methods For Intelligent Identification Of Seismic Facies, LIU Xingye, YU Peilin, HE Hengjun 2026 State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Advances In Research On Methods For Intelligent Identification Of Seismic Facies, Liu Xingye, Yu Peilin, He Hengjun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The intelligent identification of seismic facies can significantly improve the efficiency of sedimentary system characterization and hydrocarbon reservoir interpretation. However, influenced by factors such as non-stationary geological bodies, high costs of sample labeling, and limited training samples, conventional methods for intelligent identification are generally insufficient to achieve high identification accuracy and widespread application concurrently. Advances This study presents a systematic review of three types of technologies for the intelligent identification of seismic facies, namely unsupervised, supervised, and semi-supervised learning, with each type including deep learning methods. The three technological types are comparatively verified using 3D seismic data from a …


A Method For 3d Model Reconstruction Of Large-Diameter Rescue Wells Based On Multiple Cameras, GU Hairong, WANG Boyang, YANG Wenjuan, TONG Yubo, WANG Jiaxi, SUN Lishun 2026 National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Equipment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Construction Machinery, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China

A Method For 3d Model Reconstruction Of Large-Diameter Rescue Wells Based On Multiple Cameras, Gu Hairong, Wang Boyang, Yang Wenjuan, Tong Yubo, Wang Jiaxi, Sun Lishun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Surface drilling for mine rescue represents a critical technique in the emergency rescue system against mine disasters. To accurately assess the passability of large-diameter rescue wells during rescue operations, it is essential to build precise 3D models of the rescue wells for rapid reconstruction of rescue scenarios. Methods Based on the theory of multi-camera-based 3D model reconstruction, this study investigated the method of arranging four Intel D435i cameras within a large-diameter rescue well. Accordingly, a multi-camera-based 3D model reconstruction system for a large-diameter rescue well was established, involving the joint calibration of the camera array and the selection of …


Advances In Regional Fracturing Technology Using Underground Long Directional Boreholes For The Prevention And Control Of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disasters And Its Engineering Practices, ZHENG Kaige, ZHANG Jian, SUN Siqing, CHEN Dongdong, ZHANG Qun, LI Bingang, GUO Wei, LIU Le, JIA Bingyi, WANG Zeyang, DAI Nan, WANG Haojie 2026 CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China;School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China

Advances In Regional Fracturing Technology Using Underground Long Directional Boreholes For The Prevention And Control Of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disasters And Its Engineering Practices, Zheng Kaige, Zhang Jian, Sun Siqing, Chen Dongdong, Zhang Qun, Li Bingang, Guo Wei, Liu Le, Jia Bingyi, Wang Zeyang, Dai Nan, Wang Haojie

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Coal-rock dynamic disasters represent a key challenge to the safe and efficient mining of deep coals, rendering it urgent to develop regional, advance, and precise technologies for proactive disaster prevention and control. Advances The regional fracturing technology using underground long directional boreholes for disaster prevention and control in coal mines originated from ground fracturing. To date, a regional fracturing theory oriented to geological origin, mining responses, and disaster-causing mechanisms has been developed. Furthermore, a core equipment system incorporating high-power directional drilling rigs, variable frequency fracturing pump sets with high injection rates of fracturing fluids, infinite stage fracturing, and tools …


Summary And Reflections On Coal And Coalbed Methane Co-Production And Coalbed Methane Extraction In Coal Mining Areas, ZHANG Sui’an, ZHANG Xiao, LI Xuechen, HU Huiting 2026 State Key Laboratory for Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-Mining, Taiyuan 030032, China;Coalbed Methane Research Center, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) , Beijing 102249, China

Summary And Reflections On Coal And Coalbed Methane Co-Production And Coalbed Methane Extraction In Coal Mining Areas, Zhang Sui’An, Zhang Xiao, Li Xuechen, Hu Huiting

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background To curb coal mine gas accidents from sources, exploit low-carbon and clean coalbed methane (CBM) resources, and protect the atmospheric environment (achieved by methane emission reduction in coal mining areas), the authors’ team, by working with Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group and cooperating closely with relevant research institutes, colleges, and universities, has progressively developed theories with clear concepts and scientific connotations, as well as relevant technical systems and industrial paradigms, for coal and CBM co-production through over two decades of original, integrated, and cross-industry innovations (spanning across fluid and solid mineral industries), along with theoretical exploration, technological research and …


Methods For Assessing The Circulation Depth Of Geothermal Water In A Moderate- To Low-Temperature Convective Geothermal System And Their Applications, LI Yiman, XIA Haoran, GAO Binbin, SUN Wenjie, PANG Zhonghe 2026 State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Methods For Assessing The Circulation Depth Of Geothermal Water In A Moderate- To Low-Temperature Convective Geothermal System And Their Applications, Li Yiman, Xia Haoran, Gao Binbin, Sun Wenjie, Pang Zhonghe

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The circulation depth of geothermal water is an important parameter for investigating geothermal systems or fields. It determines the thermal energy intensity and mineral composition of geothermal water, emerging as a critical factor influencing the efficient and sustainable development and utilization of geothermal resources.Progress This study presents a summary of the characteristics of typical moderate- to low-temperature convective geothermal systems from the perspective of sources (heat and fluid sources), pathways, geothermal reservoirs, cap rocks, and the geothermal water upwelling process and its impacts. Furthermore, this study systematically reviews suitable methods for assessing the circulation depth of geothermal water, …


Advances In Research On Borehole Geophysical Exploration And Associated Equipment For Advance Detection Of Underground Water Hazards In Coal Mines, WU Qiang, WANG Xianhui, YANG Donghui, XIAO Wenhao, CUI Zhuangjie, CHEN Han, SHENG Zhen, ZENG Yifan 2026 Inner Mongolia Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ordos 017010, China;National Coal Mine Water Hazard Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;Mine Water Hazard Prevention National Mine Safety Administration Key Laboratory, Beijing 100083, China

Advances In Research On Borehole Geophysical Exploration And Associated Equipment For Advance Detection Of Underground Water Hazards In Coal Mines, Wu Qiang, Wang Xianhui, Yang Donghui, Xiao Wenhao, Cui Zhuangjie, Chen Han, Sheng Zhen, Zeng Yifan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Deep coal mining is facing increasingly complex hidden disaster-causing factors, including faults, collapse columns, water accumulation in goaves, confined water in coal seam floors, and hydraulically conductive fracture zones. In this context, conventional modes based on ground exploration, roadway geophysical exploration, and drilling verification suffer from limitations in terms of detection distance, positioning accuracy, dynamic perception, and real-time feedback. In contrast, borehole geophysical exploration extends the detection space into coal-rock masses using underground boreholes, enabling the acquisition of information about continuous physical properties around, between, and ahead of boreholes. Therefore, this technology provides important support for the advance detection …


Recent Advances In Research On Intelligent Technologies And Equipment For Underground Geological Exploration Of Coal Mines In China, ZHANG Jianming, LI Quanxin, LIU Fei, FANG Jun 2026 China National Coal Association, Beijing 100013, China

Recent Advances In Research On Intelligent Technologies And Equipment For Underground Geological Exploration Of Coal Mines In China, Zhang Jianming, Li Quanxin, Liu Fei, Fang Jun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Intelligent coal mine construction represents an important measure to promote the high-quality development of the coal industry. Developing intelligent technologies and equipment for geological exploration is the key to both transparent geological guarantee and the efficient prevention and control of major disasters in coal mines. Advances This study presents a systematic analysis of the latest advances in intelligent technologies and equipment for underground geological exploration of coal mines in China, focusing on intelligent drilling and geophysical prospecting. In terms of intelligent drilling, this study introduces intelligent drilling rigs equipped with multiple functions, including adaptive control, remote monitoring, and fault …


Philosophy And Methodology For Predicting Deep Coal Resources: A Case Study Of The Carboniferous-Permian Strata In The Ordos Basin, CAO Daiyong, WEI Yingchun, NING Shuzheng, WANG Xin, ZHU Wenhao, LI Jingqi, WANG Anmin, QIAO Junwei, XU Xiaotao, HOU Yuehua 2026 College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083, China;State Key Laboratory of fine exploration and intelligent development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining andTechnology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Philosophy And Methodology For Predicting Deep Coal Resources: A Case Study Of The Carboniferous-Permian Strata In The Ordos Basin, Cao Daiyong, Wei Yingchun, Ning Shuzheng, Wang Xin, Zhu Wenhao, Li Jingqi, Wang Anmin, Qiao Junwei, Xu Xiaotao, Hou Yuehua

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective In China, deep coal resources hold considerable potential, exhibiting promising prospects for exploitation and utilization. Therefore, gaining a clear understanding of deep coal resources provides a prerequisite and foundation for both the national strategic planning of coal resources and the scientific development and utilization of deep coal resources. Research Thinking From the perspective of the current situation of coal resources in China, this study determined the occurrence characteristics and categories of deep coal resources. Accordingly, it proposed a philosophy and workflow for predicting the resources, followed by the prediction of deep coal resources in the Carboniferous-Permian strata of the …


Theoretical Research Advances And Applications Of The Dynamic Metamorphism Of Coals, LIU Hewu, JIANG Bo, SONG Yu, DU Zhigang, ZHANG Kun, HOU Chenliang, YANG Wenjie, HUANG Nini 2026 State Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent Technology for Unmanned Coal Mining, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China;School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China

Theoretical Research Advances And Applications Of The Dynamic Metamorphism Of Coals, Liu Hewu, Jiang Bo, Song Yu, Du Zhigang, Zhang Kun, Hou Chenliang, Yang Wenjie, Huang Nini

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The dynamic metamorphism of coals, a significant type of coal metamorphism, represents a fundamental research topic of coal geology. The research achievements have been widely applied in fields such as coal resource evaluation, the prevention and control of coal mine gas, and the exploration and exploitation of coalbed methane (CBM), holding great significance for gaining a deep understanding of the microscopic mechanisms underlying coal deformation and metamorphism, coal and gas outbursts, and CBM occurrence. Method Based on a literature survey and analysis, this study presents a systematic review of the development history of research on the dynamic metamorphism of …


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