Veterinary Infectious Diseases Commons^™

Fatal Disseminated Toxoplasmosis In Captive Red Kangaroo (Macropus Rufus) And Parma Wallaby (Macropus Parma): Pathological And Immunohistochemical Investigations, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Marsupials are considered a susceptible intermediate host. T. gondii is mainly transmitted to intermediate hosts via the fecal-oral route. A captive red kangaroo was diagnosed with disseminated toxoplasmosis based on clinicopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) investigations. Two years later, a five-year-old Parma wallaby was kept in the same area as the red kangaroo and showed clinical signs of depression, withdrawal from the troop, and weakness. The wallaby died within two days after showing the clinical signs. Pathological findings in this wallaby were compatible with disseminated toxoplasmosis. Tachyzoites and tissue cysts …

Global Prevalence And Zoonotic Potential Of Cryptosporidiosis In Camels (Camelus Dromedarius): Systematic Meta-Analysis, Mohamed Marzok, Hussein Babiker, Mohamed Tharwat, Sabry El-Khodery

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In this study, meta-analysis on prevalence and zoonotic significance of cryptosporidium infection in camels was performed. This study was completed following the instructions of PRISMA. Data were extracted afterward a complete search, and eligible articles were identified. The data were analyzed using a specific software program for meta-analysis, and the results included effect size, confidence intervals (CI), heterogeneity, and publication bias. A total of 4075 camels from 18 accepted studies were investigated for cryptosporidium infection. Of all, 287 camels were found positive for cryptosporidium infection, with a prevalence of 7.04%. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in camels varied significantly among …

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: First Identification In Eastern Algeria Based On Direct Immunofluorescence And Elisa Tests, Imene Abdelmalek, Bakir Mamache, Amine Boudaoud, Yacine Khanfri

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is the main agent of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). Its circulation among the Algerian bovine population has been strongly suspected but never confirmed. This study investigated the prevalence of BRSV in cattle in eastern Algeria. From 2022 to 2023, a total of 225 serum and 102 lung tissue samples were collected from farms and slaughtered cattle of different ages. Samples were tested for BRSV antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and BRSV antigens by Direct Immunofluorescence Test (DFAT). Histopathological examination was also performed on lung tissue sections. BRSV-specific antibodies were detected in 91.11% …

Seroprevalence Of Lawsonia Intracellularis Antibodies Among Large-Scale Swine Farming Systems In Thailand, Thanh Che Nguyen, Chairani Ridha Maghfira, Nathaya Young, Kanokwan Samatiwat, Chaiyan Kaewpaluk, Apisak Laothanakit, Pawarisa Mungprasittichai, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Yaowalak Panyasing

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases caused by bacteria have been a major problem in the swine industry, including Thailand. Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), also known as porcine ileitis, is an enteric infectious disease caused by Lawsonia intracellularis – an obligate intracellular bacterium. PPE has been an economic threat to the global pork production system due to various types of diarrheas. Serological diagnosis can be applied to the seroprevalence of pathogen-antibodies and the timing of L. intracellularis infection when introduced to the herd. This present study showed the current serological status and the seroprevalence of antibodies against L. intracellularis in large-scale Thai swine …

A Case Of Conjunctivitis Due To Mdr-Mr Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius In A Dog, Hazel Tamakan Yesi̇lovali, Hali̇t Sukur

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A young male Dachshund dog who came to the animal hospital was diagnosed with conjunctivitis on clinical examination. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was identified as a result of culture and bacteriological examination of the conjunctival swab, and then antimicrobial susceptibility test. Methicillin resistant S. pseudintermedius identified with the VITEK-II Compact device was also confirmed by molecular methods so that susceptible antibiotics were selected for the treatment of the patient and reported. In accordance with the antimicrobial susceptibility results, the patient was treated with an eye drop preparation containing neomycin. This is the first report of a canine conjunctivitis caused by multidrug-methicillin …

Detection Of Mycoplasma Synoviae Antibodies In Day-Old Chicks Using Rapid Serum Agglutination Assay And Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Kriengwich Limpavithayakul, Somsak Pakpinyo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma synoviae antibodies detection using rapid serum agglutination (RSA) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is considered as the suitable screening tool in chicken flocks. Both RSA assay and ELISA have performed an ability to detect an antibody formation during mycoplasma infection due to their sensitivity in detecting both IgM and IgY. However, the IgY is the major antibody isotype transferred from the hen to the newly hatched broiler chick via egg yolk. The amount of maternal IgY circulating in the chicks’ serum is approximately 30% of the IgY level present in the hen’s bloodstream. This study was conducted to …

Molecular Characterization And Antibiogram Of Riemerella Anatipestifer In Ducklings In Upper Egypt, Mohamed Sabry Ahmed, Amal Abd El-Ghani Batahi, Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Nabila Osman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Riemerella anatipestifer infection represents a great threat to the duck industry worldwide and it is considered the major cause of death in the backyard rearing system of ducks in Egypt. The disease is characterized by diarrhea, respiratory signs and loss of weight. The present study was conducted during the period between July 2019 and January 2021 to examine the prevalence rate, the antibiogram patterns of the different antibiotics and the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer in Qena province. One-hundred samples were collected from diseased and freshly dead backyard ducklings. A tentative characterization of R. anatipestifer was done depending on the phenotypic …

The Use Of Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy With An Infrared Biotyper To Establish Classifiers For Major Serogroups Of Moraxella Bovis Based On Spectral Profiles, Jordyn Bailey Schommer

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

A classifier tool was created to identify major serogroups of Moraxella bovis based on spectral profiles collected from bacterial cells through the use of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. M. bovis strains were selected from a group of previously sequenced and genotyped isolates, which provided the pilin sequence type for each isolate. The obtained spectroscopic profiles were analyzed through artificial neural networks to create a classifier tool that could identify the PilA type for unknown strains. Once a sufficient spectral library was obtained, the isolates were split into a training and a validation group, each containing spectra from isolates of five …

Understanding The Role Of The Microbiome In Infectious Disease, Developing Surveillance Tools, And Engineering Direct Fed Microbials To Improve Animal Health, Alison Clare (Bartenslager) Neujahr

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

With the ever-increasing demand for animal protein and the continual need for the assurance of proper animal welfare, investigations of preventative strategies for diseases is greatly needed. Specifically in the cattle industry, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, causes a large economic loss to the producer. However, effective mitigation strategies are lacking. Partly, this is due to the lack of studies investigating the ocular microbiome. Therefore, studies investigating the bovine ocular microbiome are greatly needed to better understand IBK disease etiology. To this end, we investigated the changes in the ocular microbiome in animals before, during and after …

A History Of The Development Of Alternatives To Animals In Research And Testing, John Parascandola

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

Growing public interest in animal welfare issues in recent decades has prompted increased attention to the efforts to develop alternative, nonanimal methods for use in biomedical research and product testing. In A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing, the first book-length study of the subject, John Parascandola traces the history of the concept of alternatives to the use of animals in research and testing in Britain and the United States from its beginnings until it had become firmly established in the scientific and animal protection communities by the end of the 1980s. This …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Scott L. Gardner, Sue Ann Gardner

Zea E-Books Collection

Note that this version of the textbook has been superceded by the one updated in 2026, available at the UNL Pressbooks site.

The hard copy version that is for sale at lulu.com is the old version.

"This is a textbook covering concepts in animal parasitology. It is meant to be used by students, teachers, professors, researchers, and members of the public who are interested in learning about animal parasite biology, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography, and ecology. The primary intended audience is upper-level undergraduate or graduate university students who have knowledge of basic biology and, particularly, basic animal biology. (863 pages, …

A One Health Approach To Enhancing Sars-Cov-2 Surveillance, Lauren C. Cybulska

Dissertations and Theses

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in humans, can also infect domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus). Susceptibility and viral transmissibility in these species are concerns for public health due to the spillover risk to humans or other animals. This dissertation uses a One Health framework to explore key issues on this topic. We aim to identify gaps in understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals and investigate novel surveillance methods through human, animal, and environmental health perspectives.

Methods

Paper 1 provides an in-depth exploration of …

Scaling Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Nationally: The Case Of The Fleming Fund In Kenya, Mitchelle Kasudi, Dishon Muloi, Murungi Maurice, Allan Azegele, Romona Ndanyi, Revathi Gunturu, Loice Ombajo, Emmanuel Tanui, Robert Onsare, Geoffrey Omuse

Pathology, East Africa

Rising levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and animals have reached alarming levels and are being recognized as a serious incremental threat to global food security, animal health and public health. The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health, and that AMR can be spread between different species and environments. The Fleming Fund, a UK Overseas Development Aid program managed by the UK’s Department of Health and Social Care, aims to improve AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance data in Africa and Asia by generating, sharing, and using data to improve antimicrobial use …

A Potential Of Watercress Nasturtium Officinale Bioactive Compounds In Inhibiting Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (Imnv) By Targeting Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase (Rdrp) Virus From Several Countries: In Silico Approach, Qurrota A’Yunin, Fatchiyah Fatchiyah, Maftuch Maftuch, Feri Eko Hermanto, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Narendra Santika Hartana, Muhaimin Rifa’I, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) disease causes mass mortality and decreased shrimp production. The RdRp region projects to the interior, where it may function in transcription. The focus of this study was to determine the effect of amino acid polymorphisms from several countries on the structure of RdRp and identify the potential of watercress in inhibiting IMNV by targeting the RdRp protein of IMNV through an in silico approach. The results showed that the structure of the IMNV RdRp protein from Indonesia was similar to Mexico, and the protein structure from India_QDN was identical to India_QIL. Ligand binding affinity values showed …

A Survey Of Pet Caretakers On The Use And Perceptions Regarding Heartworm Prophylaxis For Prevention Of Canine Heartworm Disease, Stacie Williams, Charles T. Faulkner

Faculty Other Scholarly Content

Canine heartworm disease (CHWD) is caused by infection with the nematode parasite Dirofilaria immitis transmitted through the bite of a mosquito carrying the infective stage larva. The disease is insidious in its onset and almost 100% preventable with the use of highly effective pharmaceutical compounds that target the migrating larval stage acquired from the mosquito. However, use of canine heartworm prophylaxis among pet dog caretakers is not universally accepted and sometimes viewed with skepticism. Previous research conducted in the Cumberland Gap Region (CGR) indicated that 41.8% of dog owning individuals do not use prophylactic products. In this study, we surveyed …

Screening For Potential Swine-Origin Probiotics With Antimicrobial Activities, Christina Lim

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

The prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a leading issue worldwide. Recently, there was a new law banning the use of antibiotics within the swine industry. For decades swine producers have mixed subtherapeutic amounts of antibiotics in swine feed to prevent potential infections and to increase growth rate. However, due to the constant exposure of antibiotics to these ever-evolving pathogens, the population of antibiotic resistant bacteria has increased exponentially. Currently, the swine industry is scrambling to find a suitable alternative to antibiotics that possesses antimicrobial activity and potentially promotes growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability …

Experimental Sars-Cov-2 Infection Of Elk And Mule Deer, Stephanie M. Porter, Airn E. Hartwig, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Jeffrey M. Marano, J. Jeffrey Root, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

To assess the susceptibility of elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to SARS-CoV-2, we performed experimental infections in both species. Elk did not shed infectious virus but mounted low-level serologic responses. Mule deer shed and transmitted virus and mounted pronounced serologic responses and thus could play a role in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology.

Investigation Into Cardiacmyhc-Α 334–352-Specific Tcr Transgenic Mice Reveals A Role For Cytotoxic Cd4 T Cells In The Development Of Cardiac Autoimmunity, Meghna Sur, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Kiruthiga Mone, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Ninaad Lasrado, Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy, Raymond A. Sobel, Jay Reddy

Jay Reddy Publications

Myocarditis is one of the major causes of heart failure in children and young adults and can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis could result from autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but defining antigen specificity in disease pathogenesis is challenging. To address this issue, we generated T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6J mice specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334–352 and found that Myhc-α-specific TCRs were expressed in both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. To investigate if the phenotype is more pronounced in a myocarditis-susceptible genetic background, we backcrossed with A/J mice. At the fourth …

A Potentially Cat-Astrophic Missed Diagnosis: Systemic Autoimmune Disease, Or Something More Sinister?, Cameron Smith, Do, Mph, Amy Dechet, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

Limitations Of Invasive Snake Control Tools In The Context Of A New Invasion On An Island With Abundant Prey, Shane R. Siers, Melia G. Nafus, Jereid E. Calaor, Rachel M. Volsteadt, Matthew S. Grassi, Megan Volsteadt, Aaron F. Collins, Patrick D. Barnhart, Logan T. Huse, Amy A. Yackel Adams, Diane L. Vice

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In October 2020, a new population of invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) was discovered on the 33-ha Cocos Island, 2.5 km off the south coast of Guam, United States. Cocos Island is a unique conservation resource, providing refuge for many lizards and birds, including endangered species, which were extirpated from mainland Guam by invasive predators including brown treesnakes. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of toxic baiting with acetaminophen-treated carrion baits and cage trapping, common tools for the control of brown treesnakes on mainland Guam, as potential eradication tools on Cocos Island. We evaluated multiple bait types and …