Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Establishing Hematology And Serum Chemistry Reference Intervals For Wild Hawaiian Monk Seals (Neomonachus Schauinslandi), Angela C. Kaufman, Stacie J. Robinson, Dori L. Borjesson, Michelle Barbieri, Charles L. Littnan

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Hematology and serum chemistry reference intervals have been previously established for the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) as an imperative measure for health assessments. Monitoring the health of the wild population depends upon reference intervals that are context specific; hence we developed reference intervals from fresh samples, as opposed to frozen, from wild monk seals. This study builds on the number of parameters from previous efforts by using samples collected between 2004 and 2015 from wild monk seals. Blood samples were analyzed by a single veterinary diagnostic laboratory within 24 hr of collection from apparently healthy, wild …

Impact Of Basal Diet On Obesity Phenotype Of Recipient Mice Following Fecal Microbiome Transfer From Obese Or Lean Human Donors, Daphne Michelle Rodriguez Jimenez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The composition of the gut microbiome can be affected by environmental factors, such as diet. The Western dietary pattern is associated with microbiome dysbiosis and adverse health outcomes, including obesity and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of gut microbiota from lean or obese human donors on metabolism and weight gain in recipient mice fed one of three basal diets: 1) the standard AIN93G diet, which promotes rodent health; 2) the total Western diet (TWD), which mimics the American dietary pattern and promotes inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis; and 3) a 45% high fat diet-induced obesity …

Genomic Approaches To Identify Important Traits In Avian Species, Bhuwan Khatri

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focusses on identifying different molecular markers that have impact on overall poultry production. Chapter one reviews microRNA (miRNA), copy number variation (CNV) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as markers suggested in different avian species by various studies. It reviews modern genomic approaches that are employed for next generation sequencing data analysis and verification.

Chapter two seeks to identify and validate the muscle specific miRNAs in the breast muscle of modern broilers and its foundational chicken line. Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed mature miRNAs in the breast muscles of these two chicken lines. Results showed …

Assessment Of A Nutritional Rehabilitation Model In Two Modern Broilers And Their Jungle Fowl Ancestor: A Model For Better Understanding Childhood Undernutrition, Mikayla Baxter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The World Health Organization, estimated that 22.9% of children under the age of 5 are stunted. The etiology of stunting is multifactorial and is associated with poor linear growth, villous atrophy, dysbiosis, and increased intestinal permeability. Inclusion of rye in poultry diets induces nutrient deficiencies and increases intestinal permeability, dysbiosis and decreases growth rates. The objective of this dissertation was to determine if chickens consuming a rye based diet exhibited a similar pathophysiology of stunted children to develop a relevant animal model. Therefore, early or late phase malnutrition was induced determine the effects of malnutrition on performance, bone mineralization, intestinal …

Horse Y Chromosome Assembly Displays Unique Evolutionary Features And Putative Stallion Fertility Genes, Jan E. Janečka, Brian W. Davis, Sharmila Ghosh, Nandina Paria, Pranab J. Das, Ludovic Orlando, Mikkel Schubert, Martin K. Nielsen, Tom A. E. Stout, Wesley Brashear, Gang Li, Charles D. Johnson, Richard P. Metz, Al Muatasim Al Zadjali, Charles C. Love, Dickson D. Varner, Daniel W. Bellott, William J. Murphy, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Dynamic evolutionary processes and complex structure make the Y chromosome among the most diverse and least understood regions in mammalian genomes. Here, we present an annotated assembly of the male specific region of the horse Y chromosome (eMSY), representing the first comprehensive Y assembly in odd-toed ungulates. The eMSY comprises single-copy, equine specific multi-copy, PAR transposed, and novel ampliconic sequence classes. The eMSY gene density approaches that of autosomes with the highest number of retained X–Y gametologs recorded in eutherians, in addition to novel Y-born and transposed genes. Horse, donkey and mule testis RNAseq reveals several candidate genes for stallion …

Hyperthermia Induces Therapeutic Effectiveness And Potentiates Adjuvant Therapy With Nontargeted And Targeted Drugs In An In Vitro Model Of Human Malignant Melanoma, T. Mantso, S. Vasileiadis, I. Anestopoulos, G. P. Voulgaridou, E. Lampri, S. Botaitis, E. N. Kontomanolis, C. Simopoulos, G. Goussetis, R. Franco, K. Chlichlia, A. Pappa, M. I. Panayiotidis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In the present study, we have aimed to characterize the intrinsic, extrinsic and ER-mediated apoptotic induction by hyperthermia in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma and furthermore, to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness in an adjuvant therapeutic setting characterized by combinational treatments with non-targeted (Dacarbazine & Temozolomide) and targeted (Dabrafenib & Vemurafenib) drugs. Overall, our data showed that both low (43 °C) and high (45 °C) hyperthermic exposures were capable of inducing cell death by activating all apoptotic pathways but in a rather distinct manner. More specifically, low hyperthermia induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways both of which activated …

Kisspeptin Modulates Luteinizing Hormone Release And Ovarian Follicular Dynamics In Pre-Pubertal And Adult Murrah Buffaloes, Vishalkumar Pottapenjera, Srinivasa R. Rajanala, Chandrasekhar Reddy, Arunakumari Gangineni, Kiran Avula, Sandeep K. Bejjanki, Sriravali Sathagopam, Surabhi Kesharwani, Sathya Velmurugan

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that governs the reproductive axis upstream to GnRH. We wanted to study whether kisspeptin modulates plasma LH and FSH levels and ovarian follicular dynamics in buffaloes and whether kisspeptin can be used for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI). We carried out these studies in comparison with buserelin, a potent GnRH agonist. Kisspeptin dose-dependently increased plasma LH levels. However, the kisspeptin-induced increase in LH was short-lived as the peak reached in 15–30 min returned to basal values by 1–2 h. The kisspeptin-induced increase in LH level was less compared to buserelin-induced increase in LH level which sustained …

Evaluation Of Oncolytic And Immunomodulatory Potential Of The Hsv-1 Live-Attenuated Vaccine Strain Vc2 In An Immunocompetent Murine Melanoma Model, Natalie Wall Fowlkes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Melanoma accounts for 90% of skin cancer-related deaths in humans. Treatment options for metastatic melanoma in people is very limited. Melanoma is considered to be an immunogenic tumor, spurring interest in development of immunotherapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Oncolytic virotherapy has been widely investigated. The first ever oncolytic virotherapy to receive FDA-approval is an HSV-1-based virus (Talimogene Laherperavec (T-Vec) or Imlygic) containing a transgene for human GM-CSF to enhance anti-tumor immune responses after injection. Durable response rate in human patients was only 16% despite impressive efficacy in anti-tumor effects in vitro and in murine tumor models. Novel viruses …

Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus NPro Suppresses Type I Interferon Pathway Signaling In Bovine Cells And Augments Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz A. Alkheraif

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infections contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which is a multi-factorial disorder involving co-infections of viruses and bacteria including mycoplasma. BRDC causes great economic losses to the United States feedlot industry. BVDV infection induces immunosuppression in infected animals. BVDV N^pro binds and degrades the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) and effectively blocks type I interferon (type I IFN) expression in host cells. BRSV nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2, block activation of IRF-3. In calves, concurrent infection with BVDV and BRSV resulted in more severe clinical …

Trace-Level Identifications Are Not Positives: The Scientifically Correct And Public Relations-Appropriate Approach To Medication Regulation, Clara Fenger, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 In Normal Dogs And Dogs With Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease, Wiyada Winyuchonharoen, Somporn Techangamsuwan, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is a common finding of acquired heart diseases in small and medium-sized adult dogs. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was found to increase in valves of DMVD dogs. However, plasma TGF-β1 concentrations in dogs with DMVD have not been evaluated before. The objective of the present study was to compare the plasma concentration of TGF-β1 between normal dogs and dogs with DMVD by using an ELISA technique. This measurement might help to distinguish dogs with DMVD from healthy dogs. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare plasma TGF-β1 concentrations between the two groups. …

Fatigue Study Of Cancellous And Cortical Stainless Steel Screws Used With Polymethymethacrylate And The Sop Plate System For Immobilisation Of Vertebral Luxation In Canine Cadavers, Mingrath Mekavichai, Nattanon Kanjanawong, Tanachort Chattammanat, Kumpanart Soontornvipart

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Globally, vertebral fracture and luxation (VFL) are one of the most common neurological injuries in dogs and cats. The standard care for vertebral body stabilisation of canine VFL is the use of screws with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and the string of pearls (SOP) plate system fixation. VFL with implants are usually exposed to force in a repetitive or cyclic loading fashion. Indeed, stress on the implant cyclically at a load significantly less than its ultimate tensile strength can cause fatigue failure, one of the major causes of implant breakage. This study aims to compare the fatigue property and failure mode of …

Surgical Treatment Using Co2 Laser Of Feline Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Nasal Planum In 6 Cats, Panrawee Phoomvuthisarn, Kiatpichet Komin, Patharakrit Teewasutrakul, Kiat Parvongnukul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of this study was to report the outcomes of surgical excision of feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-affected nasal planum by using CO2 laser. Six cats histologically confirmed with SCC accounted for T2 (33.33%), T3 (33.33%), and T4 (33.33%) were included in this study. CO2laser was used to excise SCC lesion and clinical outcomes were followed up. The CO2 laser minimised blood loss during surgery and the mild inflammation of surgical wound was controlled after surgery. All cats that underwent surgical excision using CO2 laser showed complete wound healing in a median of time at 27 days after surgery. …

Molecular Characterization Of Common Respiratory Viral Infections In Broilers In Al-Hassa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, Ahmed M. Al-Ali, Ibrahim M. El-Sabagh, Mahmoud H. Mohamed, Ahmed M. Alluwaimi, Ibrahim A. Arif

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) are the most significant respiratory pathogens. Several outbreaks have been reported frequently in Saudi Arabia despite of the intensive use of vaccination programs. Ten broiler flocks suffering from complicated respiratory disease were subjected to necropsy and samples were collected for molecular identification of involved viruses and pathogenic bacterial infections. Seven out of the ten flocks were positive for single or combined viral infection. The seven flocks were positive for HA test. All positive samples were subjected for molecular identification, three flocks were positive for single NDV …

Expression And Purification Of Rabies Virus Protein P: Production And Characterization Of Anti-P Polyclonal Antibodies, Yan Pan, Xian-Ming Meng, Xian-Kai Wei, Jun Li, Zhuan-Ling Lu, Hai-Bo Tang, Jing-Jing Liang, Ting Rong Luo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Rabies virus (RV) phosphoprotein (P) is a multifunctional protein. However, the functions of this protein are not fully understood. To further investigate this question, the P protein was expressed and used to raise monospecific polyclonal antibodies. The gene coding for P protein was cloned into expression vector pET-32a (+) to yield pET-32a (+)-P. His-tagged P protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 cells and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. After purification by nickel affinity chromatography under native conditions, the recombinant P protein was used to raise anti-P polyclonal antibodies in mice. Western blot analysis showed that the P protein was recognized by …

Efficacy Of Pcdna-Alp1 Dna Vaccine Against Streptococcus Agalactiae In Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Phiangfhun Inthasaeng, Sasimanas Unajak, Nontawit Areechon, Ikuo Hirono, Win Surachetpong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and S. iniae is one of the most important bacterial diseases in Nile tilapia. To prevent Streptococcus infection, various forms of vaccine including inactivated bacterial vaccines and DNA vaccines have been developed. In this study, a plasmid containing the alpha- like protein1 ( alp1) gene was constructed. Samples of 120 Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) from a provincial fish farm in Thailand were divided into four equal groups: 1) the control, injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2) injected with pcDNA3.1 (+), 3) injected with pcDNA-Alp1 and 4) injected with inactivated Streptococcus vaccine. At four weeks …

Oil Palm Frond Supplementation Can Change Fatty Acid Composition Of Rumen Fluid, Muscle Tissue And Blood Cholesterol Level In Crossbred Male Sheep, Yong Meng Goh, Mohamed Ali Rajion, Saeid Jafari, Mahdi Ebrahimi

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Diet composition is the major factor influencing the fatty acid composition of products derived from ruminants. Thirty 7-month-old, Barbados Black Belly × Malin crossbred male sheep were used for the trial to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of oil palm (Eleis guineensis) frond (OPF) on the fatty acid profiles of rumen fluid, muscle tissue and blood lipid parameters. Treatment diets were control diet (CON group, n=10), 25% OPF pellet in diet (% w/w) (HAF group, n=10) and 50% OPF pellet in diet (OPF group, n=10). After 100 days of feeding, eight sheep from each group were slaughtered for sampling …

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (Snp) Of Leptin Gene In Holstein Cattle, Mohammed Baqur S. Al-Shuhaib, Sara M. A. Al-Lamy, Hafedh M. A. Al-Tayy, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini, Adil H. Radhi

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Leptin is a versatile important hormone that regulates several metabolic pathways, such as controlling body weight, feed intake, energy expenditure, immune function, and reproduction. This study was conducted to describe the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within bovine leptin (LEP) gene, and their possible consequences on leptin structure and function in Holstein cattle. After collecting blood samples from 60 Holstein cattle, extracting their genomic DNA, two PCR-specific primers were designed. Both PCR and SSCP experiments were optimized and performed for each PCR fragment. Each different set of SSCP resolved bands was sequenced and analyzed. Two SSCP patterns representing two genotypes (AA, …

Molecular Detection And Subtyping Of Blastocystis In Javan Rusa (Cervus Timorensis) And Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) From Peninsular Malaysia, Nabilah Amelia Mohammad, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Norhayati Moktar, Tengku Shahrul Anuar

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Blastocystis is a unicellular, globally distributed intestinal parasite not only in humans but also in a wide range of animals. Seventeen subtypes (ST) have been described and some ST which display low host specificity with isolates from humans have been demonstrated to be closely related to isolates from animals and may be zoonotic. To date, no information is available on the prevalence and genetic identity of Blastocystis in Javan rusa (Cervus timorensis) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, 100 fecal samples from Javan rusa and sika deer (< 2 years old) were collected from Sungai Jin Deer Farm, Pahang, located in the east coast of Malaysia, from February to March 2015. Blastocystis-specific primers targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene were used to amplify the extracted DNA. Blastocystis-positive amplicons were then purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree of positive isolates, reference strains and outgroup were constructed using a maximum likelihood method based on Hasegawa-KishinoYano+G+Imodel. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection in Javan rusa and sika deer based on PCR detection was 28% (14/50) and 32% (16/50), respectively. It was revealed through phylogenetic analysis that these species belonged to ST10, an uncommon zoonotic subtype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the latest study in Peninsular Malaysia which successfully isolated Blastocystis in these animals. Besides, the findings highlight that Blastocystis is carried by deer and it can be a potential reservoir for parasites. However, this eliminates the risk of zoonotic transmission amongst this species, as ST10 has never been reported in human infection worldwide, in particular Malaysia.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Ninlawan Thammasiri, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The patient was presented to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University due to the chief complains of depression and postprandial vomiting.