Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Quetiapine Versus Placebo In The Treatment Of Delirium, Tayyeb Tahir, Eamonn Eeles, Venugopal Karapareddy, Prem Muthuvelu, Sian Chapple, Bethan Phillips, Toyin Adyemo, Daniel Farewell, Jonathan I. Bisson

Brain and Mind Institute

Background

Delirium is a commonly occurring complex neuropsychiatric disorder. Evidence for its treatment based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is poor.

Aims

To determine the efficacy and acceptability of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium.

Method

A double-blind, RCT was conducted. A total of 42 patients were randomized to quetiapine or a placebo group. The primary outcome measure was the Delirium Rating Scale Revised 98. Other scales used were the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Global Improvement. In order to account for missing data, a nonlinear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the difference …

The Challenges Of Understanding Animal Minds, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Comparative psychology is by nature an interdisciplinary science that lies at the crossroads of psychology and biology but also draws from other fields in the natural, social, and cognitive sciences. The study of the psychology of animals has been labeled animal cognition, comparative cognition, animal learning, animal psychology, and animal intelligence. Here, comparative psychology is used interchangeably with these terms, encompassing all fields that explore the psychological mechanisms underlying animal behavior, including human behavior.

The primary goal of comparative psychology is to understand the cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes of the animal mind. How do other animals perceive, learn about, …

Relationship Of Personal, Familial, And Abuse-Specific Factors With Outcome Following Childhood Sexual Abuse, C. Thresa Yancey, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

An examination of the literature on factors related to outcome following child sexual abuse (CSA) revealed many factors that may contribute to symptoms displayed by victims. Factors are divided into three categories: Personal Factors, Familial Factors, and Abuse- Specific Factors. Personal factors are those inherent to the victim, including age, gender, developmental disability, attributions regarding the abuse, and treatment following abuse. Familial factors are defined as those factors associated with other family members. These include parental history of abuse, parental reaction to the disclosure, parental support of the victim, parental mental health, family stress, and treatment following abuse for the …

Transforming Grief: The Use Of Images During Bereavement In Mexico And The United States, Rebecca M. Reséndiz Rodriguez

School of Medicine Publications

According to the literature, bereavement photography was an important part of funeral rituals in many countries, including Mexicoand the United States. By the early to mid- 20^th century, the custom appeared to have fallen out of favor in both countries except in the case of neonatal bereavement photography, at least in theUnited States. By comparing participants from 2 distinct cultures - theUnited States andMexico - I hope to show that bereavement photography can still be a useful tool during grieving. Anxiety and depression related to the topic of death will be evaluated for differences or similarities between the 2 …

Route Of Administration For Illicit Prescription Opioids: A Comparison Of Rural And Urban Drug Users, April M. Young, Jennifer R. Havens, Carl G. Leukefeld

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Nonmedical prescription opioid use has emerged as a major public health concern in recent years, particularly in rural Appalachia. Little is known about the routes of administration (ROA) involved in nonmedical prescription opioid use among rural and urban drug users. The purpose of this study was to describe rural-urban differences in ROA for nonmedical prescription opioid use.

METHODS: A purposive sample of 212 prescription drug users was recruited from a rural Appalachian county (n = 101) and a major metropolitan area (n = 111) in Kentucky. Consenting participants were given an interviewer-administered questionnaire examining sociodemographics, psychiatric disorders, and self-reported …

Exposure To Potentially Traumatic Events In Early Childhood: Differential Links To Emergent Psychopathology, Margaret J. Briggs-Gowan, Julian D. Ford, Kimberly J. Mccarthy

UCHC Articles - Research

Objective To examine associations between exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and clinical patterns of symptoms and disorders in preschool children. Method Two hundred and thirteen referred and non-referred children, ages 24 to 48 months (MN = 34.9, SD = 6.7 months) were studied. Lifetime exposure to PTEs (family violence and non-interpersonal events) and recent stressful life events were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) and Child Life Events Scale. Child psychiatric symptoms and disorders were assessed with parent-reports in the PAPA, a comprehensive, developmentally sensitive interview. Sociodemographic risk, parental anxiety and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic …

The Santa Clara Strength Of Religious Faith Questionnaire: Assessing Faith Engagement In A Brief And Nondenominational Manner, Thomas G. Plante

Psychology

The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire is a brief (10-item, or five-item short form version), reliable and valid self report measure assessing strength of religious faith and engagement suitable for use with multiple religious traditions, denominations, and perspectives. It has been used in medical, student, psychiatric, substance abuse, and among general populations nationally and internationally and among multiple cultures and languages. Brief non denominational self report measures of religious and faith engagement that have demonstrated reliability and validity are not common but can have potential for general utility in both clinical and research settings. This article provides an …

Gender Difference In Age At Onset Of Schizophrenia: A Cross Sectional Study From Pakistan, Imama Naqvi, Muhammad Murtaza, Muhammad Ressam Nazir, Haider Ali Naqvi

Department of Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: To validate the effect of gender on age at onset of schizophrenia in a developing country

METHODS: Medical records of 252 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan between 2002 and 2008 were reviewed using a structured questionnaire. Age at onset was defined as age at onset of psychotic symptoms, age at first contact with a health care provider and age at first hospitalization. Socio-demographic variables were reported using descriptive statistics and all measures of age at onset were compared across gender using t-test.

RESULTS: There were 119 women and …

Editor’S Farewell, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Impulsivity, Impulsive And Reflective Processes And The Development Of Alcohol Use And Misuse In Adolescents And Young Adults, Reinout W. Wiers, Susan L. Ames, Wilhelm Hofmann, Marvin Krank, Alan W. Stacy

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This paper contrasts dual-process and personality approaches in the prediction of addictive behaviors and related risk behaviors. In dual-process models, behavior is described as the joint outcome of qualitatively different “impulsive” (or associative) and “reflective” processes. There are important individual differences regarding both types of processes, and the relative strength of both in a specific situation is influenced by prior behavior and state variables (e.g., fatigue, alcohol use). From this perspective, a specific behavior (e.g., alcohol misuse) can be predicted by the combined indices of the behavior-related impulsive processes (e.g., associations with alcohol), and reflective processes, including the ability to …

A Mi'kmaq First Nation Cosmology: Investigating The Practice Of Contemporary Aboriginal Traditional Medicine In Dialogue With Counselling – Toward An Indigenous Therapeutics, Kisiku Sa'qawei Paq'tism Randolph Bowers

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

This paper explores from a Mi’kmaq and Aboriginal standpoint foundational knowledge in Indigenous therapeutics. Based on an eco-social-psycho-spiritual way of working, the article proposes Indigenous cultural models that open a window to a rich cultural repository of meanings associated with Indigenous cosmology, ontology and epistemology. The three layers of meaning, theory and practice within the symbolic ‘Medicine Lodge’ or ‘Place of The Dreaming’ give rise to ways of working that are deeply integrative and wholistic. These forms of Indigenous theory and practice have much to offer the counselling and complimentary health professions.

18F-Fallypride Binding Potential In Patients With Schizophrenia Compared To Healthy Controls, Douglas S. Lehrer, Bradley T. Christian, Cemil Kirbas, Meicheng Chiang, Shawn Sidhu, Holly Short, Binquan Wang, Bingzhi Shi, King Wai Chu, Brian Merrill, Monte S. Buchsbaum

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Background: Molecular imaging of dopaminergic parameters has contributed to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, expanding our understanding of pathophysiology, clinical phenomenology and treatment. Our aim in this study was to compare 18F-fallypride binding potential BPND in a group of patients with schizophrenia-spectrum illness vs. controls, with a particular focus on the cortex and thalamus. Methods: We acquired 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography images on 33 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (28 with schizophrenia; 5 with schizoaffective disorder) and 18 normal controls. Twenty-four patients were absolutely neuroleptic naïve and nine were previously medicated, although only four had a lifetime neuroleptic exposure of …

Comparing Narratives Of Personal And Preferred Partner Characteristics In Online Dating Advertisements, Elizabeth M. Morgan, Tamara C. Richards, Emily M. Vanness

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explored online personal ads of 294 heterosexual and homosexual men and women in the United States through a qualitative analysis and comparison of participant-generated “personal” and “preferred partner” narratives. Nine characteristics were identified and combined into three overarching categories: physical, lifestyle, and personality characteristics. These three personal and preferred partner characteristics were examined for difference by gender, sexual orientation, age and desired relationship type of the advertisers. Main effects emerged for all four predictors, most notably for age and desired relationship type. Additionally, this study explored the possibility that personal and preferred partner narratives contained similar constellations of …

Insights Gleaned From The Tragedy At Virginia Tech, Lucinda Roy

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

What Psychiatry, Developmental Psychology, And Neuroscience Can Teach Us About At- Risk Students, Eileen P. Ryan

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Detecting And Engaging At-Risk Students, Ann P. Haas

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

What The Governor’S Panel Learned, Aradhana "Bela" Sood

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Risk For Developmental Delay In Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis, Sharis Nazarian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Non-syndromic craniosynostosis is a craniofacial condition where there is a premature fusion of a calvarial suture. There are four subtypes of craniosynostosis, each one reflecting the suture that is fused (metopic, sagittal, coronal synostosis, and lambdoid synostosis). Research suggests that non-syndromic craniosynostosis is associated with an increased risk of developmental delay, behavioral problems, and learning disabilities. This was an archival study with 30 participants being treated at the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital Craniofacial Team Center. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between risk for developmental delay and type of craniosynostosis using the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental …

See The Path: Using Laban's Movement Scales To Address Spatial Awareness After Brain Injury, Kristina Fluty

Creative Arts Therapies Theses

This single-participant quasi-experimental thesis study was an investigation of the implementation of Rudolf Laban’s dimensional and diagonal movement scales in individual dance/movement therapy sessions with an adult female recovering from brain injury. The main research question was “How will the implementation of Laban’s movement scales affect the participant’s general awareness of space?”

The Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale was used as a pre-test and post-test to record the participant’s self-reports of her spatial awareness. Eleven sessions were video-recorded and the participant’s movement during the scales was observed and notated by the primary researcher and a hired analyst using Laban …

Teacher Attunement To Kestenberg Movement Profile Tension Flow Attributes In Preschool Transition Planning, Anna Carolyn O'Connell

Creative Arts Therapies Theses

Using the action research methodology, the purpose of my project was to develop transition tools based on the Kestenberg Movement Profile (KMP) tension flow attributes (TFA) that could improve the working relationship between preschool children and their teachers during specific transition times in their daily routine. The data collection, via videotape, written observation, discussions with the teachers, and the data analysis was an ongoing process from the beginning of the study until each plan had been put into practice for a few weeks. I analyzed each of the videotapes, my written observations, and the ideas discussed in meetings with the …