Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Treatment Effects For Common Outcomes Of Child Sexual Abuse: A Current Meta-Analysis, Emily V. Trask, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present meta-analysis examined the effects of psychosocial treatments at reducing deleterious outcomes of sexual abuse. The meta-analysis included a total of 35 published and unpublished studies written in English, focusing on youth under the age of 18, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for the most common negative outcomes of sexual abuse: PTSD symptoms, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Results revealed medium effect sizes for PTSD symptoms, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems following treatment for sexual abuse. This study also examined the potential moderating effects of treatment (e.g., modality, duration, and inclusion of caregiver) and participant (e.g., age, gender, …

The Effects Of An Intensive Training And Feedback Program On Investigative Interviews Of Children, Heather L. Price, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of an extensive training and feedback program with investigative interviewers of child victims of alleged abuse and neglect in a large Canadian city. Twelve investigative interviewers participated in a joint training initiative that lasted eight months and involved classroom components and extensive weekly verbal and written feedback. Interviewers were significantly more likely to use open-ended prompts and elicited more information from children with open-ended prompts following training. These differences were especially prominent following a subsequent ‘refresher’ training session. No negative effects of training were observed. Clear evidence was found of the benefits …

The Effect Of Event Repetition On The Production Of Story-Grammar In Children’S Event Narratives, Brooke B. Feltis, Martine B. Powell, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: This study examined the effect of event repetition on the amount and nature of story grammar produced by children when recalling the event.

Method: Children aged 4 years (N = 50) and 7 years (N = 56) participated in either one or six occurrences of a highly similar event where details varied across the occurrences. Half the children in each age and event group recalled the last/single occurrence 5-6 days later and the other half recalling the last/single occurrence after 5-6 weeks (the final and single occurrence was the same). Children’s free recall responses were classified according …

Effects Of Practicing Episodic Versus Scripted Recall On Children’S Subsequent Narratives Of A Repeated Event, Sonja P. Brubacher, Kim P. Roberts, Martine B. Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Children (N = 240) aged 5 to 8 participated in 1 or 4 activity sessions involving interactive tasks (e.g., completing a puzzle); children with single-event participation served as a control group. One week after their last/only session, all children were practised in episodic recall of unrelated experiences by asking about either 1) a single-experience event, 2) a specific instance of a repeated event, or 3) scripted recall of a series of events. Children were subsequently interviewed in an open-ended, non-suggestive manner about one of the activity sessions; children with repeated experience were permitted to nominate the session they wanted …

Children’S Ability To Recall Unique Aspects Of One Occurrence Of A Repeated Event, Sonja P. Brubacher, Una Glisic, Kim P. Roberts, Martine B. Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Preschool and school-age children’s memory and source monitoring were investigated by questioning them about one occurrence of a repeated lab event (n = 39). Each of the four occurrences had the same structure, but with varying alternatives for the specific activities and items presented. Variable details had a different alternative each time; hi/lo details presented the identical alternative three times and changed once. New details were present in one occurrence only and thus had no alternatives. Children more often confused variable, lo, and new details across occurrences than hi details. The 4- to 5-year-oldchildren were less …

Using Spaced Learning Principles To Translate Knowledge Into Behavior: Evidence From Investigative Interviews Of Alleged Child Abuse Victims, Alexis E. Rischke, Kim P. Roberts, Heather L. Price

Psychology Faculty Publications

The present study assessed the progress of 13 investigative interviewers (child protection workers and police officers) before, during, and after an intensive training program (n = 132 interviews). Training began with a 2-day workshop covering the principles of child development and child-friendly interviewing. Interviewers then submitted interviews on a bi-weekly basis to which they received written and verbal feedback over an 8-month period. A refresher session took place two months into training. Interestingly, improvements were observed only after the refresher session. Interviews conducted post-refresher training contained proportionally more open-ended questions, more child details in response to open-ended questions, and proportionally …

Suicide And Suicide Risk In Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender Populations: Review And Recommendations, Ann P. Haas, Mickey Eliason, Vickie M. Mays, Robin M. Mathy, Susan D. Cochran, Anthony R. D'Augelli, Morton M. Silverman, Prudence W. Fisher, Tonda Hughes, Margaret Rosario, Stephen T. Russell, Effie Malley, Jerry Reed, David A. Litts, Ellen Haller, Randall L. Sell, Gary Remafedi, Judith Bradford, Annette L. Beautrais, Gregory K. Brown, Gary M. Diamond, Mark S. Friedman, Robert Garofalo, Mason S. Turner, Amber Hollibaugh, Paula J. Clayton

Publications and Research

Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the development of needed prevention strategies, interventions and policy changes. This article summarizes existing research findings, and makes recommendations for addressing knowledge gaps and applying current knowledge to relevant areas of suicide prevention practice.

Improving Blood Pressure Control In Esrd Through A Supportive Educative Nursing Intervention, Zorica Kauric-Klein

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

IMPROVING BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IN ESRD THROUGH A

SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE NURSING INTERVENTION

by

ZORICA KAURIC-KLEIN

May 2011

Advisor: Dr. Nancy T. Artinian

Major: Nursing

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Problem: Hypertension in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients contributes significantly to their morbidity and mortality. Statistics indicate the hypertension rate amongst HD patients ranges from 75 to 100 %. Studies have indicated that adherence rates to self-care behaviors related to salt and fluid intake and medication regimens are very poor in the HD population. Traditional hypertension management strategies have been found to be largely ineffective. There is modest evidence indicating that interventions …

Work-Family Boundary Management Strategies: Examining Outcomes, And The Role Of Fit, Madhura Chakrabarti

Wayne State University Dissertations

As more and more people attempt to effectively manage the simultaneous demands of work and family, researchers are now trying to investigate the various ways by which people choose to do so. The present study investigated the concept of boundary management strategies that describes the work-family interface in terms of cognitive, physical, and behavioral boundaries between work and family domains that individuals actively try to manage in order to balance the two worlds. Research in boundary management strategies has been minimal due to the the novelty of the construct. In this study, specific individual and organizational outcomes like work-family conflict, …

Heterogeneity Of Individuals With A History Of Child Sexual Abuse: An Examination Of Children Presenting To Treatment, C. Thresa Yancey, David J. Hansen, Karen Z. Naufel

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current study examined children and families who presented for treatment through Project SAFE (Sexual Abuse Family Education) following childhood sexual abuse. Pretreatment assessment data were used to develop clusters of participants with significantly differing presentation of symptom outcome following abuse. Four clusters were discovered: (a) a Highly Distressed group, whose members had clinically elevated scores on all self- and parent-report measures; (b) a Problem Behaviors group, whose members had scores within the normal range for self-report measures and elevated scores on all parent-report measures; (c) a Subclinical group, whose participants had scores below the mean and below cutoff scores …

Identifying Training Gaps In Rq-7b Shadow: A U.S. Army Unmanned Aircraft System, John E. Stewart, Martin L. Bink

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The mission of the RQ-7B has changed radically since 2003, when unmanned aircraft system (UAS) ownership shifted from Military Intelligence (MI) to Army Aviation. Instead of passive observation, RQ-7B operators must now acquire active scout-reconnaissance skills. Initial training takes place at Ft. Huachuca, AZ, the Army’s main MI installation. Operators then report to their unit, usually a Brigade Combat Team (BCT). This research focused on (a) type training received at the schoolhouse (MI/scout-reconnaissance), (b) training received at the BCT, and (c) opportunities for training. It was found that schoolhouse training still was primarily MI, (e.g., image analysis and vehicle identification). …

Preliminary Program Assessment For Attracting Physically Disabled Individuals To Aviation, Erin E. Bowen, Bernie Wulle, Michael E. Jednachowski

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Developing effective aircraft piloting skills takes years of training with qualified experts to meet and exceed flight certification requirements. Not everyone who desires to can reach those standards, and the challenge is even greater for those with physical disabilities who desire to learn to fly. While considered uncommon, there are opportunities that seek to modify aircraft and train physically impaired students to be pilots. However, little research has been done on whether there also needs to be modification in the approach of flight and ground instructors when training impaired students. The present study presents preliminary findings of a qualitative study …

Effects Of Commuting On Crewmember Fatigue: A Comprehensive Study In Support Of Risk Management, Lori J. Brown, Geoff Whitehurst

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The need to reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the aviation industry remains on the National Transportation Safety Boards’ (NTSB), most wanted list. At many airlines, crewmembers are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of: poorly scheduled duty time; lengthened duty days; minimum scheduled rest requirements; working the backside of the clock, multiple short-haul legs; and long commutes to work. Although, commuting, in the context of aviation, has yet to be defined, the U.S. Census Bureau defines an ‘extreme commute’ as a travel 90 minutes or more, each way to work. Americans who endure …

Towards Integrating Traffic And Terrain Constraints Into A Vertical Situation Display, C. Borst, P. Rijneveld, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Future airspace operations will allow flight crews to plan and fly their own preferred route and time of arrival without much intervention from air traffic control. Thereby, pilots will become more responsible for planning their own route while maintaining safe separations from traffic and/or terrain. This demands for strategic and tactical planning tools that supports pilots in these tasks. The work in this paper focuses on supporting the airborne separation assurance task in the vertical plane by means of portraying traffic and terrain conflict zones onto an enhanced Vertical Situation Display. In a simulator evaluation the experimental display was compared …

Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians, Kim Wayne Robinson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Human Factors training is a major concern for airlines and Maintenance Repair Organizations. This study taps into the reservoir of knowledge and experience of retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) with respect to aviation maintenance human factors. A survey was given to retired AMTs with 20-30 years of maintenance experience to rank the relative importance of each of the FAA’s Dirty Dozen of human factors in maintenance accidents. Follow-up focus groups were conducted to further explore recommendations on how to prevent human factor accidents related to maintenance. This paper discusses the findings from the original survey and preliminary findings from the …

Selection Requirements To Work In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt, Alexander Heintz, Dirk Schulze Kissing

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Different findings concerning staff selection requirements for future Air Traffic Management (ATM) resulting from empirical studies and expert judgement are summarised. The biggest impacts are foreseen for ATCO’s, commercial pilots, ATM technical staff and a/c maintenance staff, mainly related to advanced ATM concept features. An empirical study involving ATCOs and pilots encompassing workshops and simulations studying elements of a free flight scenario revealed significant changes in ability requirements for ATCOs and pilots. They indicate higher ability requirements for pilots in future ATM systems and only small changes for air traffic controllers. Pilot and air traffic controller profiles are likely to …

The Selection Of Commercial Astronauts For Suborbital Spaceflight, Brian Kozak, Denver Lopp, John Young, Tim Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

When SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004, it launched the commercial space tourism industry. In 2007 Burt Rutan said, “We think that 100,000 people will fly by 2020” (Rutan, 2007). This will create a need for qualified crews to operate these spacecraft. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to investigate the possible selection criteria of these crews. Data was collected from telephone and email interviews with four U.S.-suborbital space tourism companies and Purdue University's astronaut alumni network. Grounded Theory and Truth and Reality Testing were used as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The data gathered suggests …

Display Requirements And Alerting Modalities Of A Flight Deck Based Runway Safety Alerting System, Peter M. Moertl Ph.D., Kathleen Mcgarry Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This paper presents the results of a human in the loop simulation that evaluated the display of runway safety relevant traffic and runway indications and alerts on a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). The simulation investigated differences between directive versus nondirective alert types and between an airport map with and without taxiway information. 24 pilots evaluated the CDTI in 18 airport surface scenarios that contained conflict opportunities. Findings indicate that with directive alerts, pilots avoided all conflict opportunities, while with nondirective alerts 90 % of conflicts were avoided. Response to directive alerts was generally faster than to non-directive alerts. …

An Examination Of A Conceptual Framework For Processing And Integrating Information, Asha H. Smith Ph.D., Immanuel Barshi Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Flight crews rely on displays to assess the state of individual aircraft systems and to remain cognizant of how those systems interact. Degani, et al. (2009) suggest that understanding how humans routinely interpret complex environments should aid in creating displays that help flight crews gain holistic understandings of their vehicles. They propose a six-level hierarchy representing how humans integrate large amounts information. The current experiment sought to understand the costs and benefits of solving classic logic problems when details are presented at key levels of this hierarchy. The results showed that displays representing the highest level of the hierarchy yielded …

Applying The Reliance-Compliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task, Kasha Geels, Stephen Rice, Jeremy Schwark, Hayle Hunt, Joshua Sandry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

System-wide trust (SWT) strategy can occur when operators encounter multiple aids of differing reliabilities. Keller and Rice (2010) have shown effects of one unreliable aid influencing a perfectly reliable aid; participants had a tendency to treat both aids as one entire unit (SWT) rather than as two separate aids (component-specific trust). One limitation was that the use of only two diagnostic aids may not have been enough to generalize their results. This study seeks to further explore SWT with additional aids. Participants performed a 4-gauge monitoring task augmented by a diagnostic aid that provided recommendations of failures. The aids were …