The Impact Of The Criminalization Of Hiv Non-Disclosure On The Health And Human Rights Of “Black” Communities,
2013
Wilfrid Laurier University
The Impact Of The Criminalization Of Hiv Non-Disclosure On The Health And Human Rights Of “Black” Communities, Ciann L. Wilson
Psychology Faculty Publications
The criminalization of HIV non-disclosure has become a hot topic for discussion and debate amongst human rights advocates, HIV/AIDS service providers, and people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. This paper explores the inherent problems with HIV non-disclosure laws. These laws are ambiguous and pose a serious threat to public health policy and programming by obstructing the fundamental human rights of people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Using a human rights framework, this paper explores the impact of non-disclosure laws on the health and rights of African, Caribbean, and Black-Canadian communities and proposes ways to address the shortcomings of HIV non-disclosure …
Everyday Confrontation Of Discrimination: The Well-Being Costs And Benefits To Women Over Time.,
2013
Wilfrid Laurier University
Everyday Confrontation Of Discrimination: The Well-Being Costs And Benefits To Women Over Time., Mindi D. Foster
Psychology Faculty Publications
Taking action against discrimination has positive consequences for well-being (e.g., Cocking & Drury, 2004) but most of this research has focused on collective actions and has used methodologies assessing one point in time. This study therefore used a diary methodology to examine how women’s everyday confrontations of discrimination would affect measures of subjective and psychological well-being, and how these relationships would change over time. In a 28-day online diary study, women indicated their daily experience of discrimination, described their response, and completed measures of well-being. Results showed that at the beginning of the study, using indirect confrontation predicted greater well-being …
How Do Interviewers And Children Discuss Individual Occurrences Of Alleged Repeated Abuse In Forensic Interviews?,
2013
Central Michigan University
How Do Interviewers And Children Discuss Individual Occurrences Of Alleged Repeated Abuse In Forensic Interviews?, Sonja P. Brubacher, Lindsay C. Malloy, Michael E. Lamb, Kim Roberts
Psychology Faculty Publications
Police interviews (n = 97) with 5- to 13-year-olds alleging multiple incidents of sexual abuse were examined to determine how interviewers elicited and children recounted specific instances of abuse. Coders assessed the labels for individual occurrences that arose in interviews, recording who generated them, how they were used, and other devices to aid particularisation such as the use of episodic and generic language. Interviewers used significantly more temporal labels than did children. With age, children were more likely to generate labels themselves, but most children generated at least one label. In 66% of the cases, interviewers ignored or replaced …
Gaze, Goals And Growing Up: Effects On Imitative Grasping,
2013
Central Michigan University
Gaze, Goals And Growing Up: Effects On Imitative Grasping, Sonja P. Brubacher, Kim P. Roberts, Sukhvinder S. Obhi
Psychology Faculty Publications
Developmental differences in the use of social-attention cues to imitation were examined among children aged 3- and 6-years old (n = 58) and adults (n = 29). In each of 20 trials, participants watched a model grasp two objects simultaneously and move them together. On every trial, the model directed her gaze towards only one of the objects. Some object pairs were related and had a clear functional goal outcome (e.g., flower, vase), while others were functionally unrelated (e.g., cardboard square, ladybug). Owing to attentional effects of eye gaze, it was expected that all participants would more faithfully …
Subordinate-Supervisor Demographic And Perceived Value Similarity: Relationships To Subordinate Perceptions Of Organizational Justice,
2013
Wayne State University
Subordinate-Supervisor Demographic And Perceived Value Similarity: Relationships To Subordinate Perceptions Of Organizational Justice, Charles Levi Wells, Iv
Wayne State University Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the empirical relationship between subordinate-supervisor demographic and value similarity with subordinate perceptions of organizational justice using three structural equation models. The first model indicated that subordinate-supervisor demographic and value similarity were directly related to subordinate perceptions of organizational justice (Direct Model). The second model indicated that subordinate perceived value similarity with their supervisor mediated the relationship between the subordinate-supervisor demographic similarity and subordinate perceptions of organizational justice (Mediated Model). The last model indicated subordinate perceived value similarity with their supervisor moderated the relationship between subordinate-supervisor demographic similarity and subordinate perceptions of organizational …
Human-Centered Automation As Effective Work Design,
2013
Wright State University
Human-Centered Automation As Effective Work Design, Amy R. Pritchett, Karen M. Feigh
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
This paper describes how the challenge of human-centered automation can be recast as the challenge of, first, designing the work performed by a team of agents and then, second, allocating this work amongst all the agents, human and automated, in support of their own needs and capabilities and to foster team goals. The paper starts by formally describing the construct of work as a structure which can be formally analyzed and around which other design decisions can be made. It then reviews the requirements of effective function allocation within a team to enable their collective taskwork, and to provide the …
Effects Of Airport Tower Controller Decision-Support Tool On Controllers’ Head-Up Time,
2013
Wright State University
Effects Of Airport Tower Controller Decision-Support Tool On Controllers’ Head-Up Time, Miwa Hayashi, Jose M. Cruz Lopez
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Visually monitoring aircraft traffic outside the window is an important part of tower controllers’ tasks. Introducing new controller decision-support tools in the tower may increase or decrease their head-up time. The present study investigates the effect of NASA’s Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) tool on controllers’ head-up time. A small video camera was mounted on controllers’ heads to measure their head-movement activities during simulated tower operations with or without the SARDA advisories. Simple, pixel-color-based classification algorithms were able to achieve reasonably high accuracy of head-up detection in the training video frames (91% on average). The results showed that the …
Applying The Compliance-Reliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task,
2013
Wright State University
Applying The Compliance-Reliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task, Casey Tunstall, Kasha Geels-Blair, Stephen Rice
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Diagnostic automation is frequently used to assist pilots. Despite extensive research on trust in automation, multiple automation research is sparse. Two recent studies focused on effects of trust in multiple automation using system-wide trust (SWT) theory (Keller & Rice, 2010; Rice & Geels, 2010). According to SWT, operators treat multiple aids as one entity, rather than separate entities; an unreliable aid negatively affects trust in nearby aids. We combined SWT with Meyer’s (2001, 2004) compliance-reliance model in order to show whether contagion effects of FAs and misses differ. Participants monitored 8 gauges for system failures. Each gauge had an automated …
Transferring Human Factors Knowledge From Aviation To Development Of A Warning System For Landslide,
2013
Wright State University
Transferring Human Factors Knowledge From Aviation To Development Of A Warning System For Landslide, Ioana Koglbauer, Guenter Hohenberger, Christian Steger
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
There is a successful history of transferring knowledge from aviation to other domains such as medicine (Thomas & Helmreich, 2002). In this study the ICAO multistage alerting service (2008) served as model for the specification of an early warning system for landslide. The early warning system is designed to monitor mass-movement data provided by GPS sensors, and to generate warnings and alarms to the National Alarm- and Warning Center of Styria, Austria. For the human factors specification of the new system a qualitative analysis was performed. Results are discussed with regard to applicability of human factors guidelines from aviation to …
Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant System Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management,
2013
Wright State University
Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant System Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management, Felix Maiwald, Axel Schulte
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Assistant systems investigated today are beneficial in principle, but may induce additional load for the pilot, especially if the system intervenes at a time when the human has no more free cognitive resources to adopt the offered support. This article describes an approach how to enable a knowledge-based pilots’ assistant system in the domain of military helicopter missions to interact with the pilot by resource adaptive dialogue management. To minimize the automation induced additional load for the pilot, the assistant system estimates the pilots’ residual mental capacity and furthermore the current cognitive workliad in the first step. This assessment enables …
Tracking And Visuospatial Working Memory,
2013
Wright State University
Tracking And Visuospatial Working Memory, Robin Langerak, Chris M. Herdman, James Howell Ba
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The present research examines the role of visuospatial working memory in supporting pursuit tracking. Participants completed a pursuit motor tracking task while simultaneously completing secondary tasks designed to separately place demands on either storage or processing in visuospatial working memory. The results show that simple pursuit tracking utilizes visuospatial processing in working memory without a strong requirement for visuospatial storage. These findings have implications for understanding time-sharing of tasks in the cockpit.
Flight Deck Models Of Workload And Multi-Tasking: An Overview Of Validation,
2013
Wright State University
Flight Deck Models Of Workload And Multi-Tasking: An Overview Of Validation, Christopher D. Wickens, Angelia Sebok
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
We review 24 computational modeling efforts of pilot multi-task performance and workload, to describe the manner in which they model three different aspects of pilot performance: the complexity of effort, the complexity of time management and the complexity of multiple resource interference. We then discuss the degree of validation of these models, and the validity of the context in which they are validated.
Reducing Aggressive Responses To Tcas: Evaluation Of A Tcas Training Program,
2013
Wright State University
Reducing Aggressive Responses To Tcas: Evaluation Of A Tcas Training Program, Elizabeth S. Fleming, Amy R. Pritchett, Vlad M. Popescu, William P. Cleveland
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to prevent mid-air collisions. While responding to a TCAS advisory is generally the safe course of action, instances of overly aggressive responses have resulted in injuries to crew members and passengers as well as disruptions in air traffic operations. However, current training standards do not address the need to mitigate overly aggressive responses. This paper details the design and evaluation of a training program for TCAS which incorporated a learning objective related to mitigating aggressive responses to advisories. The impact of the training program was …
Nextgen Operational Improvements: Will They Improve Human Performance,
2013
Wright State University
Nextgen Operational Improvements: Will They Improve Human Performance, Bettina L. Beard, James C. Johnston, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Modernization of the National Airspace System depends critically on the development of advanced technology, including cutting-edge automation, controller decision-support tools and integrated on-demand information. The Next Generation Air Transportation System national plan envisions air traffic control tower automation that proposes solutions for seven problems: 1) departure metering, 2) taxi routing, 3) taxi and runway scheduling, 4) departure runway assignments, 5) departure flow management, 6) integrated arrival and departure scheduling and 7) runway configuration management. Government, academia and industry are simultaneously pursuing the development of these capabilities. For each capability, the development process typically begins by assessing its potential benefits, and …
Identifying The Impact Of Nextgen On The Job Of Air Traffic Control Specialists In The Mid-Term,
2013
Wright State University
Identifying The Impact Of Nextgen On The Job Of Air Traffic Control Specialists In The Mid-Term, Emily Baumann, Kelley J. Krokos, Cheryl Hendrickson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
By leveraging existing and new technology, the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is proposed to support significant increases in both capacity and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). In the decade that has passed since NextGen was mandated by Congress, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has made great progress in identifying the specific technologies, automation, and procedures (i.e., NextGen Drivers) necessary to support the desired increases. American Institutes for Research (AIR) describes its strategic job analysis, which was designed to identify the NextGen Drivers that are proposed to be implemented by the NextGen Mid-Term (2018), and to evaluate …
South African Airline Pilots’ Perceptions Of Advanced Flight Deck Automation,
2013
Wright State University
South African Airline Pilots’ Perceptions Of Advanced Flight Deck Automation, Dr. Preven Naidoo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
This article reports on the construction of the Automation Attitude Questionnaire (AAQ), to assess airline pilots’ perceptions about operating advanced automated aircraft. A total of 262 airline pilots from a large South African carrier participated in the validation of the questionnaire. A five-factor measurement model was established by using exploratory factor analysis. The five factors associated with perceptions of advanced automated systems were labelled as: Comprehension, Training, Trust, Workload, and Design. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and the mean inter-item correlation of each factor were highly satisfactory and confirmed the homogeneity and unidimensionality of the five-factor solution for the AAQ.
Adaptive Controller Adaptation Time And Available Control Authority Effects On Piloting,
2013
Wright State University
Adaptive Controller Adaptation Time And Available Control Authority Effects On Piloting, Anna Trujillo, Dr. Irene Gregory
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Adaptive control is considered for highly uncertain, and potentially unpredictable, flight dynamics characteristic of adverse conditions. This experiment looked at how adaptive controller adaptation time to recover nominal aircraft dynamics affects pilots and how pilots want information about available control authority transmitted. Results indicate that an adaptive controller that takes three seconds to adapt helped pilots when looking at lateral and longitudinal errors. The controllability ratings improved with the adaptive controller, again the most for the three seconds adaptation time while workload decreased with the adaptive controller. The effects of the displays showing the percentage amount of available safe flight …
Man-Machine Symbiosis In Aviation: New Risks And Capabilities In View Of Information Technology Expansion,
2013
Wright State University
Man-Machine Symbiosis In Aviation: New Risks And Capabilities In View Of Information Technology Expansion, Oleksandr Petrenko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The paper examines possibility of the impact of modern technology on the manmachine symbiosis in aviation. Presented some data concerning the perception of a pilots in a highly automated cockpit. The first results of empirical research make it possible to assume that aircraft systems can be customized to adjust to individual typological characteristics of operators. The paper discusses the language modality perspectives of a man-machine interaction. Creating modern sociotechnical systems aimed at a human at a completely new level has special requirements to an integration of designer and operational psychological outlooks.
Assessing The Efficacy Of Situation Awareness Probe Questions For Predicting Airtraffic- Management Performance,
2013
Wright State University
Assessing The Efficacy Of Situation Awareness Probe Questions For Predicting Airtraffic- Management Performance, James D. Miles, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Dan Chiappe, Thomas Strybel, Vernol Battiste
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
We conducted an exploratory data analysis as a step toward modeling components of SA. It was based on data collected from situation awareness probe questions that were used in large-scale air traffic control simulations over 5 semesters of an ATC radar internship in the Center for Human Factors in Advanced Aeronautics Technologies (CHAAT). Three components of SA were generated by a principal component analysis that we label “Action Relevant,” “Distance R and “Low Priority.” The analyses provide a data-driven scheme for categorizing probes relate SA that can be used in future evaluations of NextGen concepts and technologies.
A Situation Awareness Design Approach To The Position Of Airline Maintenance Control In A Simulated Operations Control Center,
2013
Wright State University
A Situation Awareness Design Approach To The Position Of Airline Maintenance Control In A Simulated Operations Control Center, Durant Camron Bridges Iii
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Research is being conducted at mid-sized public university regarding the collaborative team efforts of aviation students in a simulated airline control center. The students employ coordinated problem solving efforts toward disruption management and schedule optimization. Although the focus of this research is communication of the decision support systems, the design of the Maintenance Control position is discussed at length. The Maintenance Controller(s) communicate with all positions, as well as departments located outside the center’s physical location that may and may not be accessed by other participants. This position is one of the most vital and engaging in the simulation, and …
