Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Functional Impairment, Illness Burden, And Depressive Symptoms In Older Adults: Does Type Of Social Relationship Matter?, Joshua P. Hatfield, Jameson K. Hirsch, Jeffrey M. Lyness

ETSU Faculty Works

Objective: The nature of interpersonal relationships, whether supportive or critical, may affect the association between health status and mental health outcomes. We examined the potential moderating effects of social support, as a buffer, and family criticism, as an exacerbating factor, on the association between illness burden, functional impairment and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Our sample of 735 older adults, 65 years and older, was recruited from internal and family medicine primary care offices. Trained interviewers administered the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Duke Social Support Inventory, and Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale. Physician-rated assessments of health, including the Karnofsky Performance …

Substance Use Among Inmates At The Eldoret Prison In Western Kenya, Daniel Wc Kinyanjui, Lukoye Atwoli

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background:Criminal activity and social problems are recognized as important outcomes of substance use and abuse. Little research has been carried out on substance use among prison inmates in Kenya. General population surveys that have examined drug use usually omit this‘hidden’population which may offer insight into drug related morbidity and invaluable preventive measures. This study is set out to determine the lifetime prevalence and factors associated with substance use, including the most frequently used substances, among inmates at a government prison in Western Kenya.

Methods:Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using the WHO model questionnaire and an additional drug use …

Weight Stigma In Maternity Care: Women’S Experiences And Care Providers’ Attitudes, Kate Mulherin, Yvette D. Miller, Fiona Kate Barlow, Phillippa C. Diedrichs, Rachel Thompson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Weight stigma is pervasive in Western society and in healthcare settings, and has a negative impact on victims' psychological and physical health. In the context of an increasing focus on the management of overweight and obese women during and after pregnancy in research and clinical practice, the current studies aimed to examine the presence of weight stigma in maternity care. Addressing previous limitations in the weight stigma literature, this paper quantitatively explores the presence of weight stigma from both patient and care provider perspectives. Study One investigated associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and experiences of maternity care from …

A Naturally-Occurring Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor Derived From Garcinia Indica Impairs Newly Acquired And Reactivated Fear Memories, Stephanie A. Maddox, Casey S. Watts, Valerie Doyere, Glenn E. Schafe

Publications and Research

The study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the consolidation and reconsolidation of traumatic fear memories has progressed rapidly in recent years, yet few compounds have emerged that are readily useful in a clinical setting for the treatment of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we use a combination of biochemical, behavioral, and neurophysiological methods to systematically investigate the ability of garcinol, a naturallyoccurring histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor derived from the rind of the fruit of the Kokum tree (Garcina indica), to disrupt the consolidation and reconsolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning, a widely studied rodent model …

Research Brief: "Accommodating Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In The Academic Setting", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This study examined specific barriers to education in a sample of seven student veterans, which included veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and found some professional adjustment issues, social interactions, behavioral and emotional challenges, and life changes. In practice, student veterans expressed impairments in developing close relationships, concerns about feelings of isolation, and heightened anxiety when asked insensitive questions about their military service. In policy, educational policies regarding course transferability may need to be revisited so that veterans seeking to further their education can take steps to do so both during and after their military service without repeating coursework. Suggestions …

Dyscalculia: Characteristics, Causes, And Treatments, Gavin R. Price, Daniel Ansari

Numeracy

Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) is a learning disorder affecting the ability to acquire school-level arithmetic skills, affecting approximately 3-6% of individuals. Progress in understanding the root causes of DD and how best to treat it have been impeded by lack of widespread research and variation in characterizations of the disorder across studies. However, recent years have witnessed significant growth in the field, and a growing body of behavioral and neuroimaging evidence now points to an underlying deficit in the representation and processing of numerical magnitude information as a potential core deficit in DD. An additional product of the recent progress in …

The Relationship Between Marital Status And Psychological Resilience In Chronic Pain, James B. Wade, Robert P. Hart, James H. Wade, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Donald D. Price

Psychiatry Publications

We examined the relationship between marital status and a 2-stage model of pain-related effect, consisting of pain unpleasantness and suffering. We studied 1914 chronic pain patients using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to clarify whether marital status was a determinant factor in the emotional or ideational suffering associated with chronic pain after controlling for pain sensation intensity, age, and ethnicity. Marital status was unrelated to immediate unpleasantness (). We found a strong association with emotional suffering () but not with negative illness beliefs (). Interestingly, widowed subjects experienced significantly less frustration, fear, and anger than all other groups (married, divorced, …

Improved Detection Of Common Variants Associated With Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder Using Pleiotropy-Informed Conditional False Discovery Rate, Ole A. Andreassen, Wesley K. Thompson, Andrew J. Schork, Stephan Ripke, Morten Mattingsdal, John R. Kelsoe, Kenneth S. Kendler, Michael C. O'Donovan, Dan Rujescu, Thomas Werge, Pamela Sklar, J. Cooper Roddey, Chi-Hua Chen, Linda Mcevoy, Rahul S. Desikan, Srdjan Djurovic, Anders M. Dale

Psychiatry Publications

Several lines of evidence suggest that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have the potential to explain more of the “missing heritability” of common complex phenotypes. However, reliable methods to identify a larger proportion of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that impact disease risk are currently lacking. Here, we use a genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate (FDR) method on GWAS summary statistics data to identify new loci associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorders (BD), two highly heritable disorders with significant missing heritability. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest similar disease characteristics and overlapping genes between SCZ and BD. Here, we computed conditional …

Display Overload: An Artifact-Based Work Analysis Of Air Traffic Management, Alicia Borgman Fernandes, Chris Brinton

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Air traffic management personnel manage traffic flows into, out of, and through the area for which air traffic controllers in their facilities are responsible. We report on a cross-domain, artifact-based, work analysis of air traffic management that employed a hierarchical modeling methodology centered on the artifacts used in the operational setting and the information and decision-making support they provided. Many tools support traffic managers in planning for, managing, and monitoring traffic flows, but information and decision support functions are rarely integrated across tools. Thus, traffic managers spend much of their time acquiring and assimilating information from multiple displays and manually …

Teamwork And Performance Outcomes Of High-Fidelity Airline Operations Center Simulations, Glenn Littlepage, Paul Craig, Michael Hein, Richard Moffett Iii, Emily Sanders, Paul Carlson, Artyom Ivakh, Andrea Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This study describes effects of a series of simulations of an airline flight operations center and related functions such as pilots and airport ramp control. It is continuation of a multi-year project designed to develop an effective training program for entry level aviation professionals and to develop insights into teamwork processes. Results indicate that the interdependent multi-specialization simulations enhanced teamwork and performance.

Sensor To Analyst: Improved Decision-Making In Aerial Isr Through Training And Decision Support Tools, Tiffany R. Poeppelman, Dan Caggiano, Cullen Jackson ., Scott Galster ., Capt Chad Tossell ., Bruce Bolley, Lawrence Scarff, David Lind, Kevin Durkee, Sterling Wiggins

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

From sensors to analysts, modern day intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) requires concerted efforts from players in the aviation, aerospace, and intelligence domains to complete the Planning and Direction, Collection, Processing and Exploitation, Analysis and Produ and ction, Dissemination (PCPAD) cycle. While the pilots, analysts, and consumers of ISR products in the PCPAD cycle have very different tasks and duties, all of th must constantly adapt to new environments, new challenges, and new enemies. The uncertainty generated by the nature of these environments places considerable decision-making and workload demands on the various operators. Currently, government, industry, and the operational community …

Optimizing Data Processing And Management Decisions During Isr Through Innovative Training Regimens, Capt Chad C. Tossell, Cullen Jackson, Lisa M. Tripp ., Lt Robert A. Nelson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Effective intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) relies heavily on both technological and human analytical capabilities. Intelligence analysts must be able to detect, interpret, process, and perform other critical tasks to turn data into meaningful information for decision-makers. The ability to aggregate massive data sets into operationally relevant information is challenging due to issues such as information overload, team coordination, time constraints, tunnel vision, and limited or vague guidance. This report describes research and development efforts to enhance training for geospatial intelligence analysts. Initial results from cognitive task analyses with these analysts along with associated technology development are discussed.

Preliminary Examination Of Simulator-Based Training Effectiveness, Maxine Lubner, Sharon Devivo, Emerson Allen, Andrew Dattel ., Deb Henneberry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

A preliminary examination of the effectiveness of a simulator-based training program for pilots was conducted. Thirteen students of varying backgrounds, with limited flight experience enrolled in an intensive, simulator-based flight training program. Six students completed their FAA Private Pilot certificates in an average of five weeks, while five completed within four weeks. They completed instrument ratings within three or four weeks. These qualifications were completed with fewer flight hours than the US average. One student stopped training, but four remaining students have completed their FAA commercial, multi-engine and instructor qualifications in a timely and cost-effective manner. A combination of intensive …

Perceived Usefulness Of Planned Nextgen Capabilities By Air Traffic Control Tower Controllers, Jon Holbrook, Ray Oyung, Kari M. Gonter, Bonny Parke, Rebecca Collins, Bettina L. Beard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is an ambitious collaborative effort between government agencies and industry to increase the capabilities of the current air traffic system. Under NextGen, tools are being developed to support air traffic controllers in many aspects of their jobs. However, budgetary constraints, unanticipated technological hurdles and other challenges to implementation make it unlikely that every NextGen tool in development will find its way into future air traffic control facilities. Information is needed to prioritize NextGen tool development to ensure that the tools that will provide the most benefit can be implemented in the appropriate facilities. …

Sequential Required Time Of Arrival Intervals Utilizing Existing Technologies, Amy L. Alexander, Thomas L. Teller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Four-dimensional trajectory-based operations (4D TBO) requiring aircraft to meet specified timing constraints at designated waypoints along their route are a key strategy for increasing airspace throughput and efficiency. The Required Time of Arrival (RTA) function of the aircraft Flight Management System (FMS) and the ground-based Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) were tested for supporting such operations. Two different methods for implementing appropriate time intervals between sequential RTA aircraft were explored in this paper: a fixed 90-second interval versus discrete intervals varied to match the prevailing conditions. Both methods yielded a good balance between separation assurance and flow efficiency. Three different types …

Situation Awareness And Situation Assessment: How Are They Related?, Norman R. Hertz, Michael T. Hertz

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The goals of human factors practitioners and industrial psychologists in situation awareness milieu are to assess individuals, teams, and organizations to measure current performance and predict future performance. The value in assessing situation awareness (SA) is that it impacts performance. Endsley (1995a) stated “SA provides the primary basis for subsequent decision making and performance in complex, dynamic systems.” The purpose of this paper is not to discuss or propose another means of describing or measuring SA but instead to propose the role of situation assessment (SAS) in identifying the nature of SA, product and/or process, regardless of the definition or …

Refinement Of Mental Models Of Interdependence And Communication, Emily Sanders, Glenn Littlepage, Michael Hein

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This study examined the relationship between mental models of interdependence and communication in a simulated aviation flight operations center. Social network analysis indicated that mental models of both interdependence and communication importance develop with team interaction and that, following team interaction, the two types of models were closely related.

Training For Situation Awareness, Michael T. Hertz, Norman R. Hertz

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Situation awareness (SA) is not fixed but is malleable and can be enhanced by training. The operating premise is that SA is measurable given the many theories of SA. This paper identifies the various methods and approaches that have proven effective in training for greater degrees of SA. The loss of ,or insufficient SA is not viewed as inattention or lack of focus but instead, it is very likely that the person lacked the skill set to perform the job. The amount of training necessary for the person to effectively perform the work is helpful if it reduces the workload …

A Proposal To Reduce Unsafe Aviation Maintenance Task Handovers With A Virtual Training Solution, Kevin Gildea, Wayne Shebilske, Ganesh Alakke, Shruti Narakesari

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Safety researchers have documented maintenance errors happen when outgoing crews inadequately communicate to incoming crews at task/shift handover. Poor task handovers are especially likely for low-frequency problems, when complacency is present, or with new technicians. Highly experienced maintenance personnel may have prevented the poor handover. Backup safety procedures catch most errors, but correcting the remaining increases risks to safety, such as those not caught until after the plane is rolled out of the hanger. The cumulative effect of handover errors increases the exposure to additional threats and errors during reworks and replacement of aircraft on the line among others. This …

Exploring The Impact Of Ads-B Nextgen Technology Requirements For General Aviation, Rachel Borsa, Professor Brian G. Dillman, Professor Timothy D. Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The Next Generation Air Transportation System, or NextGen, represents the modernization of the United States air transportation system. It is a shift from legacy computer and radar based technologies to an integrated set of technologies, connected into a real time data sharing “system,” shared by air traffic control, pilots and airports. This upgrade to our National Airspace System (NAS) involves potentially significant changes and financial considerations for many air operators. The upgrade and integration of one of these technologies, the Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) transmitter, is among the mandatory upgrades being required by the Federal Aviation Administration within …