Human Factors Challenges Facing Uas Integration Into The Nas,
2011
Wright State University
Human Factors Challenges Facing Uas Integration Into The Nas, Lisa Fern
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The need to fly Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) is increasing at a rapid pace. In order to address some of the issues impeding regular UAS access to the NAS, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has begun a new program to assist the FAA and stakeholder community in establishing requirements for routine operations. One of the technical pillars of this program is the Human Systems Integration (HIS) effort which will work toward two major objectives: development of a research test-bed and database to provide data and a proof of concept of a Ground Control …
Knowledge Tests For Ab-Initio Pilot Selection In Civil Aviation,
2011
Wright State University
Knowledge Tests For Ab-Initio Pilot Selection In Civil Aviation, Oliver Zierke
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A validity study was conducted for two purposes: to evaluate the importance of knowledge tests for pilot selection and to validate the knowledge tests of the German Aerospace Center. The two criteria were a theoretical test given in the Flight Training School and the overall graduation rate. Regression models were calculated to measure the incremental validity of knowledge tests beyond ability tests. A further question addressed the comparison of the predictive validity of knowledge tests and school grades. Knowledge tests contributed 12% incremental validity and thus yielded similar results to school grades (17%). Both regression and dropout analyses revealed knowledge …
Transitioning From Digital To Analog Instrumentation,
2011
Wright State University
Transitioning From Digital To Analog Instrumentation, Geoffrey Whitehurst, William Rantz
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) have seen an increase in manufacturing within the last decade. The growing use of these aircraft will present unique challenges to the aviation infrastructure; as well as flight training. With the large number of analog aircraft remaining in the general aviation fleet, transitions between digital and analog will become more numerous and perhaps more precarious. A recent survey of flight instructors at one college highlighted situational awareness problems for 95% of TAA trained students when exposed to analog equipped instrument panels. Perhaps two options are available to study this problem on the ground: flight simulators or …
Using A Cdti With Indications To Prevent Runway Incursions,
2011
Wright State University
Using A Cdti With Indications To Prevent Runway Incursions, Kathleen Mcgarry, John Helleberg
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A human-in-the-loop simulation was performed to evaluate an advanced Aircraft Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) application that provides runway safety indications on a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) implemented on a Class 2 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). There are display limitations associated with the use of a Class 2 EFB including when the ownship symbol is shown, and how the surface moving map is displayed at various stages of flight. Nineteen pilots viewed the CDTI in a baseline condition without indications, and then in two conditions with traffic and/or runway indications while operating a mediumfidelity flight simulator. Subjective results …
Human Factors Considerations For Integrating Traffic Information On Airport Moving Maps,
2011
Wright State University
Human Factors Considerations For Integrating Traffic Information On Airport Moving Maps, Michelle Yeh, Scott Gabree
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The purpose of this research effort was to identify human factors considerations in the integration of traffic information and surface indications and alerts for runway status on airport moving maps for flight deck displays. The information is primarily intended to support the development of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) policy and guidance for surface conflict detection and alerting (e.g., runway incursion alerting). The Volpe Center gathered information in two ways: (1) from observations made during FAA-sponsored demonstrations of Automated Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) surface conflict detection algorithms, and (2) collecting pilot feedback on the use of ADS-B in the general …
Using Physiological Measures To Improve Training For Uav Operators,
2011
Wright State University
Using Physiological Measures To Improve Training For Uav Operators, Jane H. Barrow, Carryl L. Baldwin, Daniel M. Roberts, Brian A. Taylor, Ciara Sibley, Joseph T. Coyne, Anna Mandulak, George Buzzell, Nick Penaranda
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The current research examined use of frontal asymmetry measures of electroencephalography (EEG) activity to assess operator motivational intensity during training of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators. Participants performed a series of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions of graduated difficulty. Results demonstrate that frontal asymmetry in conjunction with behavioral measures provides a valuable tool for determining learner workload and motivational intensity. Implications for the use of frontal asymmetry metrics to drive real-time adaptive training are discussed.
Assisting Pilots In The Transition From Self-Separated To Controlled Airspace,
2011
Wright State University
Assisting Pilots In The Transition From Self-Separated To Controlled Airspace, P. Panman, J. Ellerbroek, A. C. In ‘T Veld, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A concept for a four-dimensional planning interface is proposed, designed to assist pilots with the transition from unmanaged to managed airspace. The interface concept visualizes constraints on aircraft trajectory, that result from future separation and timing requirements, and facilitates direct manipulation of waypoints, speed profiles and altitude profiles. A preliminary evaluation of the concept showed that subjects were able to replan their 4D trajectory successfully in 71 out of 72 scenarios. Recommendations for future research are the addition of separation affordance overlays to the vertical and speed profiles, and adding timing affordance overlays in all profiles.
Air Traffic Control Interface For Creating 4d Inbound Trajectories,
2011
Wright State University
Air Traffic Control Interface For Creating 4d Inbound Trajectories, Rolf E. Klomp, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Max Mulder, Mariska I. Roerdink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
It is to be expected that the task of an air traffic controller will change with the introduction of 4D (space and time) trajectories for aircraft. To support this new work, an interface for the manipulation of 4D trajectories has been created. The interface uses a time-space diagram – which shows progress of the aircraft along its planned track, in which conflict zones for conflict with other aircraft are presented, and a vertical path display, which presents the altitude along the planned track. In combination with a traditional plan-view display, and additional elements and tools in the displays to create …
Team Vigilance: The Effects Of Co-Action On Workload And Stress,
2011
Wright State University
Team Vigilance: The Effects Of Co-Action On Workload And Stress, Andre Garcia, Carryl Baldwin, Matthew Funke, Gregory Funke, Victor Finomore, Benjamin A. Knott, Joel S. Warm
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Operator vigilance is a vital concern to the Air Force in regard to cockpit monitoring, air-traffic control, and the supervisory control of unmanned aerial vehicles. A key interest is the performance of teams of observers because of the reliance of military operations on good teamwork. Previous literature has examined the efficacy of team vigilance performance by comparing the frequency of target detections by teams in comparison to those obtained by operators working alone. Team performance has consistently exceeded single-operator performance. The present study replicates this effect and provides the initial experimental investigation of the cost of being a team member. …
Student And Instructor Perceptions Of Training In A Technologically Advanced Aircraft,
2011
Wright State University
Student And Instructor Perceptions Of Training In A Technologically Advanced Aircraft, Scott R. Winter, Richard O. Fanjoy
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Technologically advanced aircraft (TAA) are defined as those with enhancements such as digital cockpit displays, GPS navigation, moving maps, and autopilots. Many flight-training programs are currently transitioning to such aircraft to more fully prepare their students for commercial flight operations. The technology of modern digitally instrumented training aircraft is similar to that found in advanced commercial aircraft. Students and instructors who operate TAA can provide valuable insight into the process of transitioning from analog to digitally equipped training aircraft. A sample of 216 students and instructors, from a collegiate flight-training program that recently converted from analog instrumented aircraft to the …
Altitude-Extended Solution Space Diagram For Air Traffic Controllers,
2011
Wright State University
Altitude-Extended Solution Space Diagram For Air Traffic Controllers, J. Lodder, J. Comans, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The solution space diagram was developed to assist air traff c controllers and pilots in dealing with traff c. Up until now, it has been used to solve conf icts in the horizontal plane. Especially in the context of Air Traff c Control, it is important to also include the vertical dimension. This paper describes an approach to incorporate this vertical dimension in a two dimensional display. The altitude extended solution space diagram will be calculated taking into account the Altitude Relevance Bands of all aircraft involved. In this way, the algorithm can discard conf ict zones that can never …
Human Perception Of Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anticollision Lighting,
2011
Wright State University
Human Perception Of Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anticollision Lighting, Chris Yakopcic, John Puttmann, Benjamin R. Kunz, Mark Holleran, Brandon Wingeier, Ali Hashemi, Kenneth Stapp
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have the potential to replace incandescent bulbs currently used in aircraft anti-collision lighting. LEDs require less power to operate, and possess the ability to flash without the addition of moving parts. Compared to incandescent bulbs, however, LEDs yield a slightly different spectral output and a different intensity profile when flashing. The impact of these differences on the viewer’s ability to detect the light was examined to determine if LEDs can successfully replace incandescent bulbs on aircrafts and runways. Using an automated system to drive an LED with variable intensity and duration, the light source was displayed …
Preliminary Human Factors Findings From The Faa Capstone 3 Electronic Flight Bag – Airport Surface Moving Map Operational Evaluation,
2011
Wright State University
Preliminary Human Factors Findings From The Faa Capstone 3 Electronic Flight Bag – Airport Surface Moving Map Operational Evaluation, Michelle Yeh, Juliana Goh
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of Runway Safety is interested in understanding the impact of an airport moving map with ownship position on operational usability and safety. To gather data on the use of this technology, the FAA is sponsoring airlines to equip revenue aircraft with an airport moving map on an Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) and to provide evaluation data to the FAA to help understand the safety impact. Understanding the human factors implications of an airport moving map is a key component of this effort. The FAA, the US DOT Volpe Center, and MITRE CAASD developed a …
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control,
2011
Wright State University
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control, Terry Stanard, Patrick Dudenhofer, Sarah Spriggs, Gloria Calhoun, Lamar Warfield, Heath Ruff
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Timeline displays are a promising user interface concept for supervising multiple unmanned vehicles. The essentials of a timeline display include a timescale, current time indicator, and lines overlaid with symbology to represent the duration and timing of events such as refueling, transit to destinations, and mission durations. Little research has investigated alternatives to portraying time and events. The present study investigated two ways to portray the passage of time: a moving timeline with a stationary current-time indicator, and a stationary timeline with a moving currenttime indicator. Participants viewed videos of dynamic timelines portraying the passage of time these two ways, …
Vigilance Decrements In A Sustained Attention Task: Examination Of A Mitigation Strategy,
2011
Wright State University
Vigilance Decrements In A Sustained Attention Task: Examination Of A Mitigation Strategy, Guy A. French, Thomas R. Carretta, John K. Flach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of perceptual and cognitive intervention tasks on mitigating vigilance decrements commonly observed in sustained attention tasks. Sixteen participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental intervention conditions (perceptual or cognitive). Half of the participants completed a 45-minute “No Intervention” Control trial first, followed by one of the Intervention trials, also 45 minutes. The other half completed one of the Intervention trials first, followed by the No intervention trial. Following each trial, participants completed the SSSQ and the NASA TLX. As expected, a general decrease in objective performance over time was observed. …
Similar Accidents: Lessons Learned? Countermeasures!,
2011
Wright State University
Similar Accidents: Lessons Learned? Countermeasures!, Ronald John Lofaro Phd, Captain Kevin M. Smith
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
All-too-many accidents in the past decade have major similarities. Yet, we continue to have these accidents. Are there countermeasures to reduce the risks of similar (or non-similar) accidents ? We propose a differing view of accident causation that can lend itself to preventing future accidents and uncovering more generalizable causes. Many accident reports fall back on the standard panacea for accident prevention: training. Training is a large part of the answer in accident prevention, but only very specialized, focused decision performance training with rigorous evaluation. We will show a template for such training and evaluation as another countermeasure, one that …
Sleep Deprivation Effects On Cognitive Performance,
2011
Wright State University
Sleep Deprivation Effects On Cognitive Performance, H.-J. Hoermann, M. Steinmann, T. Uken, E.-M. Elmenhorst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An experimental sleep deprivation study has been launched at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in order to determine effects of varying degrees of sleepiness and alcohol on cognitive performance. A total of 48 subjects in cohorts of eight subjects each will stay for twelve consecutive days and nights in the AMSAN sleep laboratory in Cologne. During their stay in the laboratory, subjects are deprived of sleep in a successive manner totally and partially. In addition, on one day they are exposed to moderate alcohol levels. In between the interventions two recovery days are provided per design. A short test-battery of …
Reducing Pathological Stress Effects And Increasing Pilot Performance During Unexpected In-Flight Events.,
2011
Wright State University
Reducing Pathological Stress Effects And Increasing Pilot Performance During Unexpected In-Flight Events., Wayne L. Martin, Patrick S. Murray, Paul R. Bates
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The inherent reliability of the modern aircraft means pilots rarely experience actual emergencies, or novel, unexpected events. When events do occur, increased arousal levels may have pathological effects on pilots’ abilities to deal optimally with the situation, leading to increased likelihood of undesired aircraft states. Amygdala based appraisals of unexpected events may cause over-arousal through lack of expectation, lack of previous experience of such events (either directly or vicariously), and through poor individual perceptions of the ability to handle such events. Routine discussion of novel or emergency events widens pilots’ event knowledge database and raises expectation of event occurrence. Individual …
Perceptions Of Gender-Related Pilot Behavior,
2011
Wright State University
Perceptions Of Gender-Related Pilot Behavior, Rosemarie Reynolds, Alexandru Milut, Joshua Hirschheimer, Bridget Cox, Bojan Milenkovic, Wangyang Xu
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An online version of the 34-question Aviation Gender Attitude Questionnaire (AGAQ) was administered to 113 Federal Aviation Administration-certificated pilots. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in perceptions of female pilots was found between male and female pilots, with male pilots viewing female pilots’ flying proficiency, flight confidence and standards more negatively than did female pilots. These perceptions were not moderated by age, experience, or opportunities to fly with female pilots. Our findings replicated previous findings in South Africa, Australia, Norway, and South America. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for female pilots, and training implications for both genders.
Airspace Deconfliction For Uas Operations,
2011
Wright State University
Airspace Deconfliction For Uas Operations, Lisa Fern, Susan R. Flaherty, Robert J. Shively, Terry S. Turpin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Increased use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in combat zones has put mounting pressure on airspace operations. Interviews were conducted with military helicopter pilots, air traffic controllers, and UAS operators to better understand the current concept of operations for managing potential conflict between manned and unmanned aircraft during combat operations. Interviews with the UAS operators revealed limited situation awareness of the low altitude airspace picture. To address these issues, a graphical airspace display with basic conflict detection and alerting logic was developed. In simulation, this display was compared with a baseline textual display, derived from current operations as identified during …
