Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control,
2011
Wright State University
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control, Terry Stanard, Patrick Dudenhofer, Sarah Spriggs, Gloria Calhoun, Lamar Warfield, Heath Ruff
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Timeline displays are a promising user interface concept for supervising multiple unmanned vehicles. The essentials of a timeline display include a timescale, current time indicator, and lines overlaid with symbology to represent the duration and timing of events such as refueling, transit to destinations, and mission durations. Little research has investigated alternatives to portraying time and events. The present study investigated two ways to portray the passage of time: a moving timeline with a stationary current-time indicator, and a stationary timeline with a moving currenttime indicator. Participants viewed videos of dynamic timelines portraying the passage of time these two ways, …
Vigilance Decrements In A Sustained Attention Task: Examination Of A Mitigation Strategy,
2011
Wright State University
Vigilance Decrements In A Sustained Attention Task: Examination Of A Mitigation Strategy, Guy A. French, Thomas R. Carretta, John K. Flach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of perceptual and cognitive intervention tasks on mitigating vigilance decrements commonly observed in sustained attention tasks. Sixteen participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental intervention conditions (perceptual or cognitive). Half of the participants completed a 45-minute “No Intervention” Control trial first, followed by one of the Intervention trials, also 45 minutes. The other half completed one of the Intervention trials first, followed by the No intervention trial. Following each trial, participants completed the SSSQ and the NASA TLX. As expected, a general decrease in objective performance over time was observed. …
Similar Accidents: Lessons Learned? Countermeasures!,
2011
Wright State University
Similar Accidents: Lessons Learned? Countermeasures!, Ronald John Lofaro Phd, Captain Kevin M. Smith
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
All-too-many accidents in the past decade have major similarities. Yet, we continue to have these accidents. Are there countermeasures to reduce the risks of similar (or non-similar) accidents ? We propose a differing view of accident causation that can lend itself to preventing future accidents and uncovering more generalizable causes. Many accident reports fall back on the standard panacea for accident prevention: training. Training is a large part of the answer in accident prevention, but only very specialized, focused decision performance training with rigorous evaluation. We will show a template for such training and evaluation as another countermeasure, one that …
Sleep Deprivation Effects On Cognitive Performance,
2011
Wright State University
Sleep Deprivation Effects On Cognitive Performance, H.-J. Hoermann, M. Steinmann, T. Uken, E.-M. Elmenhorst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An experimental sleep deprivation study has been launched at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in order to determine effects of varying degrees of sleepiness and alcohol on cognitive performance. A total of 48 subjects in cohorts of eight subjects each will stay for twelve consecutive days and nights in the AMSAN sleep laboratory in Cologne. During their stay in the laboratory, subjects are deprived of sleep in a successive manner totally and partially. In addition, on one day they are exposed to moderate alcohol levels. In between the interventions two recovery days are provided per design. A short test-battery of …
Reducing Pathological Stress Effects And Increasing Pilot Performance During Unexpected In-Flight Events.,
2011
Wright State University
Reducing Pathological Stress Effects And Increasing Pilot Performance During Unexpected In-Flight Events., Wayne L. Martin, Patrick S. Murray, Paul R. Bates
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The inherent reliability of the modern aircraft means pilots rarely experience actual emergencies, or novel, unexpected events. When events do occur, increased arousal levels may have pathological effects on pilots’ abilities to deal optimally with the situation, leading to increased likelihood of undesired aircraft states. Amygdala based appraisals of unexpected events may cause over-arousal through lack of expectation, lack of previous experience of such events (either directly or vicariously), and through poor individual perceptions of the ability to handle such events. Routine discussion of novel or emergency events widens pilots’ event knowledge database and raises expectation of event occurrence. Individual …
Perceptions Of Gender-Related Pilot Behavior,
2011
Wright State University
Perceptions Of Gender-Related Pilot Behavior, Rosemarie Reynolds, Alexandru Milut, Joshua Hirschheimer, Bridget Cox, Bojan Milenkovic, Wangyang Xu
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An online version of the 34-question Aviation Gender Attitude Questionnaire (AGAQ) was administered to 113 Federal Aviation Administration-certificated pilots. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in perceptions of female pilots was found between male and female pilots, with male pilots viewing female pilots’ flying proficiency, flight confidence and standards more negatively than did female pilots. These perceptions were not moderated by age, experience, or opportunities to fly with female pilots. Our findings replicated previous findings in South Africa, Australia, Norway, and South America. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for female pilots, and training implications for both genders.
Airspace Deconfliction For Uas Operations,
2011
Wright State University
Airspace Deconfliction For Uas Operations, Lisa Fern, Susan R. Flaherty, Robert J. Shively, Terry S. Turpin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Increased use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in combat zones has put mounting pressure on airspace operations. Interviews were conducted with military helicopter pilots, air traffic controllers, and UAS operators to better understand the current concept of operations for managing potential conflict between manned and unmanned aircraft during combat operations. Interviews with the UAS operators revealed limited situation awareness of the low altitude airspace picture. To address these issues, a graphical airspace display with basic conflict detection and alerting logic was developed. In simulation, this display was compared with a baseline textual display, derived from current operations as identified during …
Vibrotactile 'On Thigh' Alerting System In The Cockpit?,
2011
Wright State University
Vibrotactile 'On Thigh' Alerting System In The Cockpit?, Shira Yosef, Yael Salzer, Tal Oron-Gilad
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The objective of this research was to examine the utility of a novel placement for a vibrotactile display in the cockpit. This objective was pursued in stages through a number of research phases, here we report on the final phase concerning the benefit of the vibrotactile display in a visually loaded environment. Results support placing a directional alerting vibrotactile display on the thigh of a seated operator.
A Video Prototyping Methodology For Evaluating Novel Interface Concepts In Cockpit Displays,
2011
Wright State University
A Video Prototyping Methodology For Evaluating Novel Interface Concepts In Cockpit Displays, Paul Mckay, Stacey D. Scott, Jonathan M. Histon, Gerard L. Torenvliet
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Modern cockpit displays contain a multitude of complex information sources. Integrating new interface concepts into an existing cockpit display to produce a high-fidelity prototype suitable for user testing can be extremely time-consuming. Discount prototyping methodologies are needed to enable user testing at earlier stages of the design cycle to ensure appropriate changes occur and high quality interfaces result. Video prototyping can provide a useful step between low-fidelity, static prototypes and higher-fidelity software prototypes. However, existing video prototyping methods are designed to elicit user feedback on design concepts. While user feedback is important to the adoption of aviation interfaces, it is …
Peripherally-Located Virtual Instrument Landing Displays,
2011
Wright State University
Peripherally-Located Virtual Instrument Landing Displays, Nathan Bulkley, Zachary Spielman, Brian P. Dyre
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
We examined how the location and spatial extent of a peripherally-located virtual instrument landing system (ILS) head-up display (HUD) affects landing precision. Our experiment compared three spatial formats of a peripherally-located virtual ILS HUD: a) a large-format display located within rectangular regions defined relative to the center of the HUD, with the lateral flight indicator subtending +/-5 to 62.5° by +/-0 to 16.875° (HxV) and the vertical flight command indicator subtending +/-0 to 45° by +/-6.875 to 16.875° (HxV); b) near-peripheral displays comprised of roughly the inner half of the large format display; and c) far-peripheral displays, comprised of the …
Pilot Certification: Converting A Historical Framework To Digital Data Utilization,
2011
Wright State University
Pilot Certification: Converting A Historical Framework To Digital Data Utilization, Matthew J. Baranowski, Brian G. Dillman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Pilot certification relies on a single subjective flight exam to determine competency and safety. Evidence-based evaluation of an airman’s historical flight performance through flight recorder data may offer increased validity and reliability in training and in certification. This study examined commercial pilot students (N=13) training in Cirrus SR-20 aircraft in a collegiate flight training program. Each student’s performance of the steep turns maneuver before, during, and after a flight exam using digital flight recorder data was correlated with each other to examine the validity of single evaluation flight exams. The results indicate that each student’s average historical performance before a …
Trust In Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Synthetic, Distributed Trust Model,
2011
Wright State University
Trust In Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Synthetic, Distributed Trust Model, Kristin E. Oleson, P. A. Hancock, Deborah R. Billings, Christopher D. Schesser
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An integrated unmanned aerial system (UAS) team is composed of multi-tiered partnerships between at least four distributed entities: the vehicle itself, the vehicle operator(s), the military command team, and the ground team. In this team structure, effective communication, information exchange, and situation awareness within and amongst each entity is critical. While miscommunications can be mitigated through current training strategies and vehicle design, trust plays an important role in these interactions. We have constructed a model of integrated team trust. An extension of this model, directed at distributed trust, is shown to be essential for military teams with integrated UAS. Consequently, …
Solution Space-Based Complexity Analysis For Context Aware Automation,
2011
Wright State University
Solution Space-Based Complexity Analysis For Context Aware Automation, J. Comans, C. Borst, M.M. Van Paassen, M. Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Despite the huge advances in aviation automation and avionics over the last decades, the f ight deck is sometimes still unaware of the ‘bigger picture’. Current automation is not yet able to understand the intentions of the pilots or the intricacies of the environment it is operating in. When we want to increase the level of automation support, automation systems will need more context awareness. This paper will only focus on a small subset of the operational context, namely the complexity induced by surrounding traff c. To capture the constraints imposed by the surrounding traff c, we use a tool …
The Relationship Of Age, Experience And Cognitive Health To Private Pilot Situation Awareness Performance,
2011
Wright State University
The Relationship Of Age, Experience And Cognitive Health To Private Pilot Situation Awareness Performance, Kathleen Van Benthem, Chris M. Herdman, Matthew Brown, Anne Barr
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
While cockpit navigational aids might assist general aviation pilots with awareness of terrain, aircraft and weather, the ability to maintain accurate and comprehensive cognitive representations of the aviation environment remains a critical cognitive aviation task. The present research reports on the relationship of age, pilot experience and cognitive health to situation awareness scores for 27 licensed private pilots in a simulated flight protocol. ANOVA and linear regression analyses revealed that age, recent pilot-in-command hours and the cognitive health indices of working memory performance and reaction time (auditory stimuli) were uniquely associated with three levels of pilots’ situation awareness scores. Implications …
Data Mining Techniques To Derive Human And System Performance Measures Of Air Traffic Control From Operational Data,
2011
Wright State University
Data Mining Techniques To Derive Human And System Performance Measures Of Air Traffic Control From Operational Data, Esa Rantanen, Ernest Fokoue
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The capabilities of the envisioned performance management services of the NextGen may offer means for testing of measures of human performance derived from operational data and allow for longitudinal studies on the effects of operational NextGen on human operators. Time-based metrics offer an attractive solution to measurement challenges of the NextGen, given the dynamic nature of the system, its dependence on severe time constraints, and the role of time in critical aspects of human performance, mainly workload and situation awareness. Due to potentially very high number of variables and complexity of the underlying data structure that render standard statistical techniques …
Application Of Communication Grounding Framework To Assess Effectiveness Of Human-Automation Interface Design: A Tcas Case Study,
2011
Wright State University
Application Of Communication Grounding Framework To Assess Effectiveness Of Human-Automation Interface Design: A Tcas Case Study, Doug Glussich, Jonathan M. Histon, Stacey D. Scott
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The role of the human operator in automation augmented domains has shifted from primary decision-maker to collaborative partner, where the human often has to understand and manage state changes that result from the automation itself. Due to the challenges of these progressively complex states, there is increasing demand for automation systems that provide effective humanautomation interfaces that keep the human more “in-the-loop”. Effective human-automation interaction in this situation is akin to effective human-human communication: an effective conversation occurs when people use commonly understood verbal and non-verbal mechanisms that lead to shared understanding, or common ground. In this paper, we demonstrate …
Flight Instructors And Pilot Examiners Perceptions Of Older And Younger Pilot Competency And Safety Concerns,
2011
Wright State University
Flight Instructors And Pilot Examiners Perceptions Of Older And Younger Pilot Competency And Safety Concerns, Kathleen Van Benthem, Chris M. Herdman, Simon Garrett
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A national online survey was developed to examine differences in competency issues between younger and older pilot groups as perceived by flight instructors and pilot examiners. With their expertise in pilot competencies and a broad age-range of clientele, flight instructors and pilot examiners were considered a rich source of untapped data. Results indicated that respondents were more likely to identify decision-making and problem solving as a concern for younger pilots. Error recognition and procedural knowledge were more likely to be highlighted as concerns for older pilots. In addition, physical ability to fly the aircraft during training and currency review was …
Designated Pilot Examiner’S Perception Of Private Pilot Certification In General Aviation Advanced Technology Cockpits,
2011
Wright State University
Designated Pilot Examiner’S Perception Of Private Pilot Certification In General Aviation Advanced Technology Cockpits, Michael Friday, Frederick D. Hansen Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
All aircraft require some degree of instrumentation. With the explosion of computer and flat panel display technology, the “glass cockpit” has entered aviation. In the past, pilots transitioned into the new technology after years of flight experience. These pilots already understood: the regulations, principals of flight, navigation, and the performance characteristics of their aircraft. The new glass equipped cockpits are now entering the environment of primary flight training where pilots are still learning the basics. Additionally, there is no structured or generally accepted methodology for training in advanced cockpits. The FAA has not established specific new guidelines for pilot-in-command for …
Cognitive Modeling As A Tool For Improving Runway Safety,
2011
Wright State University
Cognitive Modeling As A Tool For Improving Runway Safety, Michael J. Schoelles, Wayne D. Gray
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Runway incursions are low probability events resulting from complex combinations of cognitive and environmental factors, which can have deadly consequences. However, the development and evaluation of tools to reduce runway incursions are, ironically, hampered by the low incidence of such events. A possible path forward is the use of high-fidelity cognitive models to predict pilot performance under a wide variety of airport conditions and runway circumstances. We describe a fully embodied ACT-R 6.0 cognitive model, named SimPilot, of a pilot taxiing a simulated Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The goals of SimPilot are twofold. The first is automated testing of a new …
A Cognitive Model Of The Control Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,
2011
Wright State University
A Cognitive Model Of The Control Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Dr. Chris Wickens, Tim Bagnall, Mala Gosakan, Brett Walters
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
We describe a workload model of a single pilot unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control, which can provide the basis for extension to multiple UAV control and supervision. The model predicts multi-task capabilities based upon the multiple-resource model of human time sharing. Elements of the model are described related to task demand, resource conflict, and resource allocation (task priority). We then demonstrate its applicability to predicting pilot performance in the MQ-1 Predator, describing the “workload spikes” during a typical mission, and demonstrating ways in which high workload can be mitigated.
