Differences In Prefrontal Cortex Activation And Deactivation During Strategic Episodic Verbal Memory Encoding In Mild Cognitive Impairment,
2015
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Differences In Prefrontal Cortex Activation And Deactivation During Strategic Episodic Verbal Memory Encoding In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Joana B. Balardin, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Maria Da Graca Moraes Martin, Joao R. Sato, Jerusa Smid, Claudia Porto, Cary R. Savage, Ricardo Nitrini, Edson Amaro Jr., Eliane C. Miotto
Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications
In this study we examined differences in fMRI activation and deactivation patterns during episodic verbal memory encoding between individuals with MCI (n = 18) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 17). Participants were scanned in two different sessions during the application of self-initiated or directed instructions to apply semantic strategies at encoding of word lists. MCI participants showed reduced free recall scores when using self-initiated encoding strategies that were increased to baseline controls' level after directed instructions were provided. During directed strategic encoding, greater recruitment of frontoparietal regions was observed in both MCI and control groups; group differences …
High Fidelity Simulation And Aviation Training To Improve Problem Solving Skills And Coordination,
2015
Wright State University
High Fidelity Simulation And Aviation Training To Improve Problem Solving Skills And Coordination, Evan M. Lester, Paul A. Craig
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The Flight Operations Center – Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab was created in 2010 to break down the “barrier” between aerospace concentrations at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) and address several aspects of teamwork in aviation. While participating in the FOCUS lab’s high-fidelity simulations, teams of senior undergraduate aerospace students work together to solve complex and real-world scenarios, which helps improve each student’s coordination, teamwork, problem-solving, and communication skills. Each team’s performance in the FOCUS lab’s simulations is evaluated by the FOCUS lab research team and discussed at the team’s After Action Review (AAR) to determine how the team can improve …
Procedure Used For Establishing Screening Test Cut-Points Based On Aviation Occupational Task Performance,
2015
Wright State University
Procedure Used For Establishing Screening Test Cut-Points Based On Aviation Occupational Task Performance, Nelda Milburn, Thomas Chidester, Kevin Gildea, Linda Peterson, Carrie Roberts, Deborah Perry
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Previous research has shown that some individuals with color vision deficiencies (CVD) are capable of performing some aviation occupational tasks as well as those with normal color vision (NCV); implying that passing a screening test with a diagnosis of NCV may not be necessary for all aviation occupations. Our goal was to find outcome consistency between performance on occupational tasks and several screening tests; further, to compare those pass/fail outcomes to the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test for aviation certification. The strategy involved establishing a pass/fail cut-point separately for four occupational tasks at the 5th percentile of the NCV …
A Coalition Study Of Warfighter Acceptance Of Wearable Physiological Sensors,
2015
Wright State University
A Coalition Study Of Warfighter Acceptance Of Wearable Physiological Sensors, Lauren E. Menke, Christopher Best, Gregory J. Funke, Adam J. Strang
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Combat operations are often high tempo, resulting in undesirable levels of operator workload and stress. Adaptive automation has been suggested as a solution to these issues. However, this augmentation approach is predicated on operator consent to monitoring. Acceptance of such systems may be influenced by concerns regarding the use of monitor data and mistrust of automation technology. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine operator acceptance of physiological monitoring and future augmentation strategies after limited exposure to one device. During a simulated exercise, eleven command and control operators were equipped with a physiological monitor prior to each mission. …
Toward An Integrated Ecological Plan View Display For Air Traffic Controllers,
2015
Wright State University
Toward An Integrated Ecological Plan View Display For Air Traffic Controllers, Brem Beernink, Clark Borst, Joost Ellerbroek, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
To cope with increasing demand on the air traffic management system, this paper proposes a novel user interface which supports air traffic controllers in conflict detection and resolution. The concept is based on previous work on 3D solution space displays for air traffic control, but then aimed at improving the interaction by better integrating speed, heading, and altitude constraints on the Plan View Display. A preliminary, subjective human-in-the-loop evaluation study was performed using five participants with various experience levels in real-life air traffic control. Results from the evaluation indicate that both successful use of the interface as well as the …
The Effects Of Workload And Stress On Teamwork In A High Fidelity Simulation,
2015
Wright State University
The Effects Of Workload And Stress On Teamwork In A High Fidelity Simulation, Andrea M. Georgiou
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
With a unique high fidelity simulation lab, participants completed 3 hour work shifts to a run a simulated regional airline. The experimental design consisted of three teams randomly assigned to either a minimal, moderate, or maximum level of difficulty. Increases in workload and stress were implemented with various triggers and the participants had to quickly develop solutions to mitigate the problems. After the simulation, the participants completed the CATME (Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness) online survey for evaluations of their performance for five variables. (Ohland et al., 2012). Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results suggest only …
Compared Evaluation Of B-Alert’S Encephalographic Workload Metrics Using An Operational Video Game Setup,
2015
Wright State University
Compared Evaluation Of B-Alert’S Encephalographic Workload Metrics Using An Operational Video Game Setup, Sami Lini, Christophe Bey, Lucille Lecoutre, Quentin Lebour
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
When it comes to operational human factors studies, the use of a number of different means (psychophysiological, questionnaires, performance indexes) to complete expert behavioral observations allows specialists to issue practical recommendations despite of the variability of the few operators involved. When it comes to mental workload, literature has identified several different physiological ways to assess it. We used Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and pupillometry for previous works (ISAP’11, ’13) and both have strong limitations: HRV can only be analyzed over 5-minutes time periods and pupil dilation is subject to light variability. During this study, we tested the electroencephalography B-Alert X10 …
Remote-Split Operations And Virtual Presence: Why The Air Force Uses Officer Pilots To Fly Rpas,
2015
Wright State University
Remote-Split Operations And Virtual Presence: Why The Air Force Uses Officer Pilots To Fly Rpas, Lt Col Matt Martin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Since the advent of Remote-Split Operations (RSO) for MQ-1/9 remotely-pilot aircraft (RPA), where pilots fly aircraft that are thousands of miles away, a popu-lar view is that this distance instills a psychological gap, making it easy to carry out lethal actions. A common further assumption is that RPAs are automated and don't require traditional aviation or leadership skills to operate. But 20 years of combat RPA experience has led practitioners to a different view—that the effec-tive employment of RPAs has been improved by using pilots with previous expe-rience in manned aircraft and undergraduate training where pilot candidates re-ceived a foundation …
Un-Alerted Smoke And Fire: Checklist Content And Intended Crew Response,
2015
Wright State University
Un-Alerted Smoke And Fire: Checklist Content And Intended Crew Response, Barbara K. Burian
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
An in-flight smoke or fire event is an emergency unlike almost any other. The early cues for un-alerted conditions, such as air conditioning smoke or fire, are often ambiguous and elusive. The checklists crews use for these conditions must help them respond quickly and effectively and must guide their decisions. Ten years ago an industry committee developed a template to guide the content of Part 121 checklists for un-alerted smoke and fire events. This template is based upon a new philosophy about how crews should use the checklists and respond to the events. To determine the degree to which current …
Flight Operational Quality Assurance (Foqa) – Do Exceedances Tell The Story?,
2015
Wright State University
Flight Operational Quality Assurance (Foqa) – Do Exceedances Tell The Story?, Brian G. Dillman, Dennis Wilt, Shawn Pruchnicki, Mark Ball, Marshall Pomeroy
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The concept of Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) programs have been widely utilized throughout the aviation industry. The premise behind the concept is to establish thresholds for flight situations based upon company operations specifications, regulatory guidance, aircraft limitations, and standard operating procedures and then monitor performance on the aggregate to determine if operations fall within acceptable boundaries. A singular exceedance may not trigger corrective actions, but if overall exceedances for the company exceed a predetermined acceptable threshold then mitigation strategies are employed to bring performance back within acceptable limits. Does this tell the whole story? Would allowing feedback for performance …
Assessing Potential Human Performance Safety Impacts Associated With Integrating Multiple Time-Based Flow Management Concepts,
2015
Wright State University
Assessing Potential Human Performance Safety Impacts Associated With Integrating Multiple Time-Based Flow Management Concepts, Michael W. Sawyer, Katherine A. Berry, Devin Liskey, Richard Rohde
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Time-Based Flow Management (TBFM) seeks to enhance system efficiency by improving scheduling and interval management tools that expand and enhance the flow of traffic. This paper presents the results of an integrated human performance safety assessment of TBFM concepts planned for implementation between 2016 and 2020. The assessment utilized the Human and Organizational Safety Technique (HOST) to provide a structured method for identifying potential human error modes and estimating their contribution to the risk profile. HOST further defined graphical human-system interaction models for each proposed change and an integrated interaction model across all assessed TBFM changes. The HOST assessment resulted …
Evaluating Startle, Surprise, And Distraction: An Analysis Of Aircraft Incident And Accident Reports,
2015
Wright State University
Evaluating Startle, Surprise, And Distraction: An Analysis Of Aircraft Incident And Accident Reports, Andrew B. Talone, Javier Rivera, Camilo Jimenez, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Over the years, startle, surprise, and distraction have been frequently cited as potentially having negative effects on aircraft flightcrew performance. This paper aims to build upon and extend our prior research (Rivera, Talone, Boesser, Jentsch, & Yeh, 2014) in which we found evidence that (a) startle may be less problematic to flight deck performance than surprise, and (b) negative flight deck performance following startle is most likely due to concurrent distraction or surprise. The current research examined the theoretical foundations underlying these concepts and analyzed two accident/incident databases to identify potential trends and assess the prevalence of startle, surprise, and …
An Operational Analysis Of Human Factors In An Unmanned Air System,
2015
Wright State University
An Operational Analysis Of Human Factors In An Unmanned Air System, Saskia D. Revell, Victoria J. Cutler
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Previous research has highlighted Human Factors (HF) issues associated with operating Unmanned Air Systems (UAS). This research has examined the human-machine interface, error types found in UAS mishaps, and examined specific factors such as workload or situation awareness. Fewer studies have examined the HF issues experienced during live military UAS operations in a conflict zone. Accordingly, a HF analysis was undertaken of a UK UAS unit operating in Afghanistan. The analysis was conducted using the Operational Events Analysis (OEA) approach, which is a structured, qualitative method of identifying flight safety HF issues. The OEA included UAS operators and maintenance personnel. …
Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design,
2015
Wright State University
Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design, Sylvain Hourlier, Xavier Servantie
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As touch screens are everywhere in the consumer market Thales has launched in depth evaluations on their introduction in the cockpit. One of the challenges is to verify its compatibility with in flight use under turbulence conditions, including light, moderate and severe. In flight accelerometer collections were performed to provide us with a baseline for choosing between possible simulation solutions. Thales recognized early on the need for such a tool as it would enable us to define recommendations for our HMI designs. The objectives were first to validate specific complex touch/gestures using all the potential of touch interactions for novel …
The Role Of Personnel Selection In Remotely Piloted Aircraft Human System Integration,
2015
Wright State University
The Role Of Personnel Selection In Remotely Piloted Aircraft Human System Integration, Thomas R. Carretta, Raymond E. King
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Effective human-system integration (HSI) incorporates several domains: manpower, personnel, and training, human factors, environment, safety, occupational health, habitability, survivability, logistics, intelligence, mobility, and command and control. These domains are interdependent and must be considered in terms of their interrelationships. Human factors engineers typically focus on system design with little attention to the skills, abilities, and other characteristics needed by the human operator. Personnel selection is seldom considered during the HSI process. Complex systems require careful selection of the individuals who will interact with the system. Selection is a two-stage process: Select-in procedures determine who has the aptitude to profit from …
The Effect Of Clinician Hardiness On Posttraumatic Growth And Trauma Based On Vicarious Trauma Exposure,
2015
Minnesota State University - Mankato
The Effect Of Clinician Hardiness On Posttraumatic Growth And Trauma Based On Vicarious Trauma Exposure, Maria Anne Stevens
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
There is a gap in the literature that examines posttraumatic growth outcomes in clinical psychologists. Additionally, few studies have explored personality characteristics that can mitigate negative psychological outcomes and foster growth. This study examined if the same model of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) would be found in clinical psychologists who work with trauma as those who have experienced a traumatic event. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) indicated moderate model fit. Additionally, the study assessed whether the relationship between cumulative Vicarious Trauma Exposure (VTE) and Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), and cumulative VTE and PTG would depend on the moderator hardiness, but no significant …
A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya,
2015
Walden University
A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya, Grace Gachanja
Walden Faculty and Staff Publications
Limited published data exists on how HIV-positive parents perform disclosure to all their children. A couple’s HIV disclosure experience to all their children is presented. They participated in a larger study conducted to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process. Each underwent individualized in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and transferred into NVivo 8 for analysis using the Van Kaam method. Three themes emerged including HIV testing, full disclosure delivery accompanied by marital disharmony, and postdisclosure psychological effects on the family. Marital disharmony and non-involvement of the father caused the mother to fully …
The Effect Of Asynchronous Data On Pilot-Controller Communication In A Dynamic Environment With Subject-Matter Experts,
2015
Wright State University
The Effect Of Asynchronous Data On Pilot-Controller Communication In A Dynamic Environment With Subject-Matter Experts, Samuel Lien, Jonathan Histon
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Integrating Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) into controlled airspace may introduce communication challenges if there are time delays associated with the distribution of a common surveillance source of those UAS. Termed “information asynchrony” by Yuan et al (2012), an earlier, static image study showed large time delays had an observable impact on controller-pilot communication, but the effect was not present for time delays of less than 1 minute. A follow-up study is being conducted using an online ATC-flight simulator with professional pilots and controllers as participants. Effects on communication are being analyzed objectively through measurable characteristics of communication breakdown, and subjectively …
‘We Need Priority Please’ Mitigated Speech In The Crash Of Avianca Flight 052,
2015
Wright State University
‘We Need Priority Please’ Mitigated Speech In The Crash Of Avianca Flight 052, Simon Cookson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
On 25 January 1990, Avianca Flight 052 was flying from Columbia to the United States when it crashed after a missed approach to JFK Airport in New York. The direct cause of the accident was fuel exhaustion but the NTSB investigation identified multiple causal factors. The Avianca captain, who was flying the aircraft, repeatedly instructed the first officer to notify ATC about the fuel emergency. The first officer, however, did not use the word ‘emergency’ but instead requested ‘priority’ and told ATC that the airplane was ‘running out of fuel’. Why did the first officer mitigate the captain’s instructions? This …
Understanding Automation Surprise: Analysis Of Asrs Reports,
2015
Wright State University
Understanding Automation Surprise: Analysis Of Asrs Reports, Julia Trippe, Robert Mauro
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Pilots are frequently surprised by aircraft automation. These include cases in which the automation: 1) produces alerts to anomalies, 2) commands unexpected control manipulations (that may result in flight path deviations), or 3) simply disconnects. Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports in which pilots indicated that automation produced unexpected actions were analyzed. Three general conclusions were drawn. First, many factors precipitate automation surprises. These include problems in: the auto-flight system and associated displays and interfaces, other aircraft sensors and systems, and interactions with weather and ATC. Second, inappropriate pilot actions are involved in a large proportion of these events. Third, …
