Experimental Evaluation Of Varying Feedback Of A Cognitive Agent System For Uav Mission Management,
2015
Wright State University
Experimental Evaluation Of Varying Feedback Of A Cognitive Agent System For Uav Mission Management, Elisabeth Denk, Sebastian Clauss, Annike Borchers, Josef Werner, Axel Schulte
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
In this study we investigate on a cognitive delegation agent for UAV task-based mission management. Particularly, we advocate a specific high-level feedback provided by the agent to the human operator to enhance mission effectiveness. As extension to human supervisory control we suggest to introduce the concept of agent supervisory control where the agent is delegated by high-level operator commands and controls several sub-systems aboard the UAV fulfilling the mission in highly automated fashion. Results of our experimental human-in-the-loop study focusing on the effects of high-level feedback are presented. Therefore, two configurations are compared, one with basic feedback and one with …
Flight Deck Interval Management Avionics: Eye-Tracking Analysis,
2015
Wright State University
Flight Deck Interval Management Avionics: Eye-Tracking Analysis, Kara Latorella, John W. Harden
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Interval Management (IM) is one NexGen method for achieving airspace efficiencies. In order to initiate IM procedures, Air Traffic Control provides an IM clearance to the IM aircraft’s pilots that indicates an intended spacing from another aircraft (the target to follow – or TTF) and the point at which this should be achieved. Pilots enter the clearance in the flight deck IM (FIM) system; and once the TTF’s Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast signal is available, the FIM algorithm generates target speeds to meet that IM goal. This study examined four Avionics Conditions (defined by the instrumentation and location presenting FIM information) …
Multi-Gain Control: Balancing Demands For Speed And Precision,
2015
Wright State University - Main Campus
Multi-Gain Control: Balancing Demands For Speed And Precision, Lucas Lemasters, John Flach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Woodworth's Two-Component model (1899) partitioned speeded limb movements into two distinct phases: (1) a central ballistic open-loop mechanism and (2) a closed-loop feedback component. The present study investigated the implementation of multi-gain control configurations that utilized separate gain values optimized for each movement phase. A target acquisition task using Fitts' Law (1954) was performed within a virtual environment using multiple control devices with three gain settings: (1) mono-gain, (2) dual-gain, and (3) continuous gain. It was found that dual-gain and continuous gain configurations yielded lower movement times and information-processing rates than the mono-gain configurations. The secondary gain values presented in …
Impact Of Weather Information Latency On General Aviation Pilot Situation Awareness,
2015
Wright State University
Impact Of Weather Information Latency On General Aviation Pilot Situation Awareness, Barrett S. Caldwell, Mary E. Johnson, Geoffrey Whitehurst, Vladimir Rishukin, Nsikak Udo-Imeh, Lucero Duran, Megan M. Nyre, Lauren Sperlak
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
A critical element of situation awareness and sensemaking support for humans in complex environments is the ability to access, detect, and integrate environmental elements to recognize and project the state of the world. Some past research has suggested that new weather technology capabilities in general aviation (GA) flight settings could help improve pilot decision making and reduce accidents such as unintentional transitions from visual flight rules (VFR) to marginal VFR or even instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). This paper addresses an ongoing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funded research project investigating the effect of transmission delays and update latencies in presentations of …
Integrating Uas Operations In Class C Airspace,
2015
Wright State University
Integrating Uas Operations In Class C Airspace, Todd R. Truitt, Randy L. Sollenberger
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is investigating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations in the National Airspace System because military, commercial, and civil users want to fly UAS for a broad range of purposes. Our research addresses the potential impact to Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCS) due to UAS pilots’ inability to comply with FAA regulations and air traffic control clearances and instructions that require direct visual means. UAS pilots cannot maintain visual separation from other aircraft, report aircraft in sight, or conduct visual approaches. The inability of UAS pilots to rely on visual means may affect ATCS workload, performance, and …
Attentional Narrowing: A First Step Towards Controlled Studies Of A Threat To Aviation Safety,
2015
Wright State University
Attentional Narrowing: A First Step Towards Controlled Studies Of A Threat To Aviation Safety, Julie Prinet, Nadine Sarter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Attentional narrowing - the involuntary restriction of attention to a small set of data or one task/goal - is a major concern in many complex, high-risk domains. Research into this phenomenon is much needed but hampered by the difficulty of inducing it reliably in a controlled experimental setting. The present study tested the effectiveness of loud noise and high task demand for achieving this goal. Seven participants performed a visual search task in the context of a simplified air traffic control simulation. Performance and eye tracking data were recorded. Eye tracking metrics showed a narrowing of participants’ visual attentional field …
The Cognition Of Multi-Aircraft Control (Mac): Proactive Interference And Working Memory Capacity,
2015
Wright State University
The Cognition Of Multi-Aircraft Control (Mac): Proactive Interference And Working Memory Capacity, Kelly Amaddio, Michael Miller, John Elshaw, Victor Finomore
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As the number of U.S. Air Force missions requiring UAVs has rapidly increased without commensurate increases in manpower, systems which permit a single operator to supervise and control multiple, highly-automated aircraft are being considered. The operator of such a system may be required to monitor and respond to voice communications for multiple UAVs, each of which can have aircraft specific call signs, which may impose excessive requirements on constrained operator attention, working memory, and cognitive processing. The current research investigates the cognitive load (number of aircraft call signs) an individual can handle and explores the effect of proactive interference (PI) …
Statistical Errors In Aviation Psychology: Commonsense Statistics In Aviation Safety Research,
2015
Wright State University
Statistical Errors In Aviation Psychology: Commonsense Statistics In Aviation Safety Research, Christopher D. Wickens
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
I discuss problems with the use of null hypothesis significance testing, as it is particularly applied to safety research such as that in aviation psychology. Such problems are manifest in the inherent bias of traditional statistics to avoid type 1 statistical errors, and hence to discourage findings of safety improving effects as significant, when low powered experimental designs are required by necessary constraints. In contrast, I offer several approaches or remedies. Researchers should think about the decisions made by consumers of their research, based on the costs and values of those decisions; they should form alternative hypotheses, use smart planned …
Requirements For Developing The Model Of Spatial Orientation Into An Applied Cockpit Warning System,
2015
Wright State University
Requirements For Developing The Model Of Spatial Orientation Into An Applied Cockpit Warning System, Ben D. Lawson, Braden J. Mcgrath, Michael C. Newman, Angus H. Rupert
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Refinements have been made to a model of spatial disorientation (SD) to improve simulation of acceleration stimuli and visual-vestibular interactions. The improved model has been applied to aviation mishaps. The model is considered a technological countermeasure for SD because it is implemented as prototype software to aid the identification of mishap contributors in a way that should benefit didactic training. There is a more direct way this countermeasure can prevent SD, which is by adapting it for use as part of a cockpit warning system. The idea is to expand the model from one which explains mishaps post-hoc into one …
Possibilities Of Using The On-Board Intelligent Voice Informing Systems In Complex Flight Situations,
2015
Wright State University
Possibilities Of Using The On-Board Intelligent Voice Informing Systems In Complex Flight Situations, Oleksandr Petrenko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The paper discusses expediency and possibility of using the on-board voice informing systems aimed at issuing messages which help recognize hazardous scenarios and work out correct strategies of flight crew activities. Important possibilities of man-to-machine speech interactions in intelligent cockpits analyzed taking into account the wide range of psychological characteristics of speech. Voice channel of machine-to-man interaction regarded as one of the tools of effective conjugation of capabilities of intelligent cockpit and human’s special heuristic potential. In the context of cockpit intellectualization prerequisites for the voice information reporting system functions transformation appear. The concept and flowchart of Intelligent Voice Support …
After-Action Reviews: Best Practices And Application To Aerospace Education,
2015
Wright State University
After-Action Reviews: Best Practices And Application To Aerospace Education, Richard G. Moffett Iii, Michael B. Hein, Jessie M. Mcclure
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This study describes an approach to after–action reviews (AARs) used in a university capstone course that uses a high-fidelity team simulation of a flight operations center for a regional airlines. The specific methods used in the AARs are discussed in the context of comparing them to possible best practices for conducting AARs.
Identifying Representative Symbology For Low Visibility Operations/Surface Movement Guidance And Control System (Lvo/Smgcs) Paper Charts,
2015
Wright State University
Identifying Representative Symbology For Low Visibility Operations/Surface Movement Guidance And Control System (Lvo/Smgcs) Paper Charts, Andrea L. Sparko, Stephanie G. Chase
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The Volpe Center developed a questionnaire to examine the representativeness of symbol shapes and the usefulness of information depicted on Low Visibility Operations/Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (LVO/SMGCS) paper charts. One-hundred forty-four pilots were shown a series of symbol shapes and responded “Yes” or “No” to whether they considered each symbol shape representative of a given information type. Symbol shapes were presented at increasing levels of context. Pilots then rated the usefulness of information depicted on LVO/SMGCS charts. Pilots identified representative symbol shapes for a geographic position marking, instrument landing system (ILS) hold line, runway guard lights (RGL), stop …
A Valid And Reliable Safety Scale For Passenger’S Perceptions Of Airport Safety,
2015
Wright State University
A Valid And Reliable Safety Scale For Passenger’S Perceptions Of Airport Safety, Stephen Rice, Rian Mehta, Scott Winter, Korhan Oyman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Previous research has developed various customer satisfaction scales in many applied areas; however, to our knowledge, there is not a validated scale for measuring commercial airline passengers’ ratings of personal safety based on airport security. The current study seeks to address this missing gap by developing a valid and reliable safety scale for commercial airline passengers (SS-CAP). We first solicited words and phrases that are related to a passenger’s feeling of safety from potential consumers and experts in the field. We then narrowed down the list to 7 remaining items. Lastly, we tested the scale using participants from Amazon's ® …
An Evaluation Of The Utility Of At-Sat For The Placement Of New Controllers By Option,
2015
Wright State University
An Evaluation Of The Utility Of At-Sat For The Placement Of New Controllers By Option, Cristina L. Byrne, Dana Broach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
In this study, we investigated the utility and fairness of using the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) test battery to place Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) applicants into terminal or en route facilities. While results of statistical analyses indicated that AT-SAT could be considered a valid tool for use in placement, based on technical considerations only, it was concluded that it should not be used in that way due to lack of utility and potential for adverse impact. If the FAA were to use AT-SAT for placement, the risk of additional adverse impact and pay disparities should be evaluated …
Identifying Mental Models Of Search In A Simulated Flight Task Using A Pathmapping Approach,
2015
Wright State University
Identifying Mental Models Of Search In A Simulated Flight Task Using A Pathmapping Approach, Brandon S. Perelman, Shane T. Mueller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Aerial assets are often used for missions such as intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance. The pilot’s search decisions reflect a mental model for the search space, including characteristics such as target prioritization, distance-reward evaluations, and path optimization cri-teria. To investigate differences in these mental models, we examined 23 participants’ paths flown in a synthetic task environment in which they piloted a simulated aircraft to search for targets rep-resenting missing persons. Determining similarity among flight paths is a challenge. To accom-plish this, we used a new tool (Pathmapping, a package in the R statistical computing language; Mueller, Perelman, & Veinott, …
Uas Air Traffic Controller Acceptability Study-2: Effects Of Communications Delays And Winds In Simulation,
2015
Wright State University
Uas Air Traffic Controller Acceptability Study-2: Effects Of Communications Delays And Winds In Simulation, James R. Comstock Jr., Rania W. Ghatas, Maria C. Consiglio, James P. Chamberlain, Keith D. Hoffler
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This study evaluated the effects of Communications Delays and Winds on Air Traffic Controller ratings of acceptability of horizontal miss distances (HMDs) for encounters between UAS and manned aircraft in a simulation of the Dallas-Ft. Worth East-side airspace. Fourteen encounters per hour were staged in the presence of moderate background traffic. Seven recently retired controllers with experience at DFW served as subjects. Guidance provided to the UAS pilots for maintaining a given HMD was provided by information from self-separation algorithms displayed on the Multi-Aircraft Simulation System. Winds tested did not affect the acceptability ratings. Communications delays tested included 0, 400, …
Faa Training Assessment Of On-The-Job Training,
2015
Wright State University
Faa Training Assessment Of On-The-Job Training, Darendia Mccauley
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The field training administered to air traffic controllers is provided by instructors who are also controllers but have undergone training to become on-the-job training instructors (OJTIs). The training of these field OJTIs is under revision based on a training needs assessment conducted in 2011. Controllers who were not successful in training at their first facility can be reassigned to another facility, where they receive field training specific to that facility. The controllers who did not succeed in training initially and requested reassignment may have a useful perspective on the training they received. This perspective may aid in revising the training …
Eeg Data Analysis Using Artifact Separation,
2015
Wright State University
Eeg Data Analysis Using Artifact Separation, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Matthew Middendorf, Michael Hoepf, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
It has been postulated that physiological measures can be a positive indicator of mental workload. One such measure is the electroencephalogram (EEG). It is well known that the EEG signal is easily affected by artifacts. One prominent source of artifacts is eye activity, including blinks and saccades. These contaminates coincide directly with EEG signals, making it difficult to obtain artifact-free data. This paper discusses a methodology that performs artifact separation at the data analysis stage. This technique was used to analyze data from a recent experiment. Workload was manipulated by varying the difficulty of the primary task while responding to …
Panel On Cross-Cultural Pilot Selection,
2015
Wright State University
Panel On Cross-Cultural Pilot Selection, Diane L. Damos, Mark R. Rose, Monica Martinussen, Jan L. Lorenz
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Airlines in developing nations often face a pilot shortage. Airlines in such countries either must recruit experienced pilots worldwide or aid in the establishment of national flying schools. The first presentation explains some of the issues the airlines encounter in performing worldwide background screenings on experienced pilots. Selecting either experienced pilots or cadets from a multi-cultural, multi-lingual applicant pool is challenging. The second presentation discusses data comparing native versus immigrant cadet applicants on cognitive tests. The third presentation describes problems associated with adapting a personality assessment to a new culture and language and the resultant predictive validities. Selecting cadets for …
Enroute Atc Industry Perceptions Of Simulation Fidelity,
2015
Wright State University
Enroute Atc Industry Perceptions Of Simulation Fidelity, Colin Dow, Jonathan Histon
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Enroute air traffic control (ATC) relies heavily on simulation in training, research, and concept development applications. However, it has little domain-specific research on the effects of simulation fidelity and lacks a standardized definition of simulation fidelity in the literature. A survey of ATC industry professionals shows that simulation fidelity is not perceived to be well defined for the domain of enroute ATC, regardless of respondent nationality, experience, use of simulation or gender. Parts of the operational environment that survey respondents felt were important components in a definition of simulation fidelity are reported; Communications is the most important component regardless of …
