Systematic Review Of Weather Observation And Forecast Resources Available To General Aviation Pilots,
2021
Wright State University
Systematic Review Of Weather Observation And Forecast Resources Available To General Aviation Pilots, J W. Wallace, Nicoletta Fala
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Weather continues to be a consistent hazard for pilots despite decades of progress in both pilot education and weather observation and forecasting technology. Much research has been done on the various facets of this problem, from pilot psychology to the weather information sources themselves. Weather-Intelligent Navigation Data and Models for Aviation Planning (WINDMAP) is a NASA University Leadership Initiative (ULI) that aims to use Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to improve the accessibility and accuracy of weather information for General Aviation (GA) pilots and UAS operators. This paper aims to produce a systematic review of research on the topic using the …
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors,
2021
Wright State University
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors, Shagun Gupta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Introduction-International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) SHELL model was designed to study and investigate the way the pilot interacted with the various dimensions of the model. Aim-The present study aimed to explore psychological aspects while flying using the dimensions of ICAO’s SHELL model of aviation. Methods-The study followed the qualitative research paradigm. The sample consisted of 9 (Males =4, Female =5) student trainee pilots in the age range of 18 – 21 years. They were subjected to in-depth interviews which lasted for around 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using the thematic network of analysis. Results-The results show that in the …
Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys,
2021
Wright State University
Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys, Andrey K. Babin, Andrew R. Dattel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Twin-engine propeller aircraft accidents occur for many reasons including misidentifying a failed engine. Pilots learn to use a procedure called dead leg-dead engine to identify the failed engine; however, misidentification of the failed engine still occurs, questioning the effectiveness of this procedure. Two surveys were created. Survey 1 was completed by 49 airline pilots operating twin-engine turboprop aircraft; Survey 2 was completed by 22 instructor pilots operating twin-engine piston aircraft. Survey 1: Average flight time was 6,230 hours. Approximately 19% of respondents reported using the Engine-Out procedure at least once. Twenty-nine percent agreed that there could be a better method …
Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches And Landings In Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis,
2021
Wright State University
Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches And Landings In Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis, Garrin Ross, Linda Tomko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Informed by findings and recommendations from the Flight Safety Foundation’s Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Task Force, we examined and analyzed Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) incident report data from unstabilized approach and landing events. The aim of this study was to investigate the human factors reported as contributing to operational incidents of unstabilized approaches and landings in United States-based commercial aviation. Results showed the unstabilized approaches were significantly less likely to be responded to with go-around compliance. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed descriptive differences in the associations of the ASRS-coded human factors with the likelihood of unstabilized approaches being …
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation,
2021
Wright State University
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Machine learning algorithms have become popular tools for automated classification of text; however, performance of such algorithms varies and depends on several factors. We examined how a subjective labeling process based on a human factors taxonomy can influence human, as well as automated, classification of safety incident reports from aviation. In order to evaluate these challenges, we trained a machine learning classifier on a subset of 17,253 incident reports from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System using multi-label classification, and collected labels from six human annotators for a representative subset of 400 incident reports each, resulting in a total of …
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction,
2021
Wright State University
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction, Sarah Hubbard, Bryan Hubbard, Joseph Sobieralski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Airfield infrastructure projects are critical to ensure facilities are safe, in good condition and meet current standards. However, these airfield construction and reconstruction activities are usually conducted on an active airfield, which impose operational and human factors challenges for all users, including pilots, air traffic controllers, airport operations personnel, construction workers, and emergency responders. FAA recognizes the potential safety challenges, and provides supporting guidance and regulation as described in AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. While this guidance is valuable and enhances safety, there remain human factors issues that are worthy of investigation and discussion.
Identifying Opportunities For Augmented Cognition During Live Flight Scenario: An Analysis Of Pilot Mental Workload Using Eeg,
2021
Wright State University
Identifying Opportunities For Augmented Cognition During Live Flight Scenario: An Analysis Of Pilot Mental Workload Using Eeg, Nicholas Wilson, Hamed Taheri Gorji, Jessica Vanbree, Bradley Hoffmann, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Thomas Petros
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Augmented cognition is a form of human-systems interaction in which physiological sensing of a user’s cognitive state is used to precisely invoke system automations when needed. The present study monitored the in-flight physiological state of the pilot to determine the optimal combination of EEG indices to predict variations in workload, or opportunities for augmented cognition.The [sic] participants were 10 collegiate aviation students with FAA commercial pilot certificates and current medical certificates. Each participant performed a uniform flight scenario that included procedures that varied in workload demands. All maneuvers were performed while simultaneously acquiring EEG data in flight. The EEG data …
Metacognitive Situation Awareness In Aviation,
2021
Wright State University
Metacognitive Situation Awareness In Aviation, Haydee M. Cuevas, Marisa D. Aguiar
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This exploratory study was aimed at gaining a better understanding of metacognitive situation awareness. Seven subject matter experts, two each for commercial aviation and aviation maintenance and three for air traffic control, were asked to define ‘situation awareness’ as it relates to their job and identify the knowledge, skills, and strategies enabling them to effectively monitor, evaluate, and regulate their situation awareness as they perform their job. Findings from this line of research can guide the design, development, and evaluation of approaches for enhancing and assessing metacognitive situation awareness.
Assessment Of A Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy In Utilizing An Aircraft Attitude Symbology,
2021
Wright State University
Assessment Of A Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy In Utilizing An Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis, Michael E. Miller, Eric E. Geiselman, David W. Dommett, Brent T. Langhals, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, Julie A. Jackson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This study examined how visual field performance asymmetries affect visual processing of complex, meaningful visual stimuli, such as the Arc-Segmented Attitude Reference (ASAR). Participants’ performance was collected in their recall and report of attitude information after briefly presented ASAR symbology within the peripheral visual field. Visual processing of the ASAR was assessed when making coordinate and categorical judgments at cardinal display locations for each of several flight contexts (roll left/right, climb, and dive). Primarily in coordinate tasking, performance trends were consistent with the horizontal-vertical anisotropy literature—performance is better on the horizontal meridian over the vertical meridian in the field of …
Applying Eye-Tracking Technology To Explore The Visual Scanning Practices Of Air Traffic Control Tower Controllers,
2021
Wright State University
Applying Eye-Tracking Technology To Explore The Visual Scanning Practices Of Air Traffic Control Tower Controllers, Jerry Crutchfield, Ziho Kang, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In the domain of Air Traffic Control (ATC), visual scanning refers to a systematic and continuous effort to acquire all necessary information to build and maintain a complete awareness of activities and situations which may affect the controllers’ area of responsibility. Our research team has supported FAA efforts to improve training of the important scanning skill, by conducting research to identify characteristics of successful tower visual scanning behavior. In addition to conducting multidisciplinary working groups and structured one-on-one interviews, we have collected eye-movement data from tower control experts while they controlled high fidelity air traffic simulations of airports at which …
Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality,
2021
Wright State University
Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality, Ziho Kang, Jerry Crutchfield, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
If we could discover the visual scanning patterns of expert air traffic control operators (ATCOs), we could use those findings to better train novices. One critical issue is that visual scan paths can be complex even for a short period of time, therefore, a systematic approach is required to obtain clear and meaningful visual scanning patterns. We transformed the raw eye movement data of expert ATCOs into visual scanning patterns by using the collapsed eye movement sequences that occurred on important areas of interest, then visualized them based on accumulated time frames. We collected and subsequently analyzed controller eye movements …
Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving,
2021
Wright State University
Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving, Tyler N. Morrison, Richard J. Jagacinski, Jordan Petrov
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Participants used a position control system to track the center of a simulated winding roadway with preview that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 s. Participants’ spatial distributions of attention were measured by perturbing the roadway with different frequency sinusoids at different roadway positions and then measuring the degree to which those frequencies were present in their tracking movements. Participants exhibited a continuous range of attention, and it lengthened with the amount of displayed preview. When preview disappeared for 5 s, longer time to regress to feedback control was strongly correlated with the amount of preview that was withdrawn. During preview …
Exploring Methods To Collect And Analyze Data On Human Contributions To Aviation Safety,
2021
Wright State University
Exploring Methods To Collect And Analyze Data On Human Contributions To Aviation Safety, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Focusing on undesired operator behaviors is pervasive in system design and safety management cultures in aviation. This focus limits the data that are collected, the questions that are asked during data analysis, and therefore our understanding of what operators do in everyday work. Human performance represents a significant source of aviation safety data that includes both desired and undesired actions. When safety is characterized only in terms of errors and failures, the vast majority of human impacts on system safety and performance are ignored. The outcomes of safety data analyses dictate what is learned from those data, which in turn …
How Do Different Knowledge Frameworks Help Us Learn From Aviation Line Observations?,
2021
Wright State University
How Do Different Knowledge Frameworks Help Us Learn From Aviation Line Observations?, Randall J. Mumaw, Dorrit Billman, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Human performance includes actions that increase safety, as well as actions that can reduce safety. Ensuring safety in complex dynamic operations like commercial aviation depends on the ability to institute appropriate responses based on what is learned from flightcrew performance and the contexts in which it occurs. To do this systemically at the organization level requires collecting data on flightcrew performance, developing effective approaches to analyzing those data, and understanding how to translate what has been learned into policies, procedures, and practice. Systematic observation of front-line operators is a vital source of human performance data. Much has been learned from …
Thinking Outside The Box: The Human Role In Increasingly Automated Aviation Systems,
2021
Wright State University
Thinking Outside The Box: The Human Role In Increasingly Automated Aviation Systems, Joel Lachter, Alan Hobbs, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Rapid advances in automation are enabling transport systems to operate in an increasingly autonomous manner. From time to time, these systems encounter operational conditions that fall outside a “competency box” of scenarios and environments for which the system was designed. Human operators add resilience because they can see and act outside the automation’s competency box. Advanced aviation concepts envision fleets of highly automated air vehicles providing on-demand transport for people and goods. We examine one such concept, Urban Air Moblity [sic] (UAM) and explore how humans can best be incorporated to maintain resilience. A human-autonomy teaming approach is suggested.
Evaluating The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulator Research Methods To Study Airline Flight Crew Resilience,
2021
Wright State University
Evaluating The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulator Research Methods To Study Airline Flight Crew Resilience, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel, Daniel Kiggins, Kathryn Ballard, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
As it evolves, aviation will continue to require integration of a wide range of safety systems and practices, some of which are already in place and others that are yet to be developed. New concepts in system safety thinking have emerged to consider not only what may go wrong, but also what can be learned when things go right during commercial flight operations. Taken together, these complementary perspectives form a more comprehensive approach to system safety thinking that can help to recognize and preserve the resilient performance capabilities currently provided by humans. A need exists, however, for research methods to …
Factors Influencing Pilot Trust In Electronic Flight Bag Information,
2021
Wright State University
Factors Influencing Pilot Trust In Electronic Flight Bag Information, Warren Pittorie, Summer Rebensky, Leonia Hunt, Andrew Narkushian, Maria Chaparro, Meredith Carroll
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) are widely used by pilots in the commercial aviation industry. EFBs serve as replacements for some traditional sources of information, such as paper charts, manuals, and checklists, augmentation for flight-related information previously unavailable through older cockpit systems such as temporary flight restriction locations, and supplemental information such as a secondary display of traffic). By having access to this information, pilots are able to make more effective decisions in various situations. Related literature has shown that decision makers in situations of uncertainty are influenced by a range of factors such as experience, the level of risk in …
Flight Allocation In Shared Human-Automation En-Route Air Traffic Control,
2021
Wright State University
Flight Allocation In Shared Human-Automation En-Route Air Traffic Control, G De Rooij, C Borst, M M. Van Paassen, M Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Allocation is a challenge for higher levels of automation in air traffic control, where fights can be dynamically assigned to either a human or an automated agent. Through an exploratory experiment with six professional air traffic controllers, insight was gained into the possibilities and challenges of human-automation teamwork in an en-route environment. Participants showed high levels of automation trust, but mostly ignored automation-suggested allocations, preferring a highly automated sector instead. Most fights were delegated to automation, after they were given a direct and conflict-free path. Flights handled manually were those requiring level changes or non-standard routing. Future research should focus …
Assessing The Relationships Between Organizational Management Factors (4ps) And A Resilient Safety Culture In A Collegiate Aviation Program With A Safety Management Systems (Sms),
2021
Wright State University
Assessing The Relationships Between Organizational Management Factors (4ps) And A Resilient Safety Culture In A Collegiate Aviation Program With A Safety Management Systems (Sms), Daniel Kwasi Adjekum
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Resilient safety culture is a key factor in sustaining safety management systems (SMS) in a U.S. collegiate aviation program. The relationships between four organizational management factors (Principles, Policy, Procedures, Practices) and a resilient safety culture model based on Reason’s concept was assessed using an online survey instrument. Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique were used to assess measurement models of factors underlying a resilient safety culture. All four management factors had significant predictive relationship with resilient safety culture. Practices had the weakest predictive relationship with resilient safety culture and Policy had the highest. Procedures strongly mediated path between Policies and Practices …
Safety Programs, Safety Management Systems And Implications For Human Performance,
2021
Wright State University
Safety Programs, Safety Management Systems And Implications For Human Performance, Julia Pounds, Paul Krois
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
A State Safety Program (SSP) and a Safety Management System (SMS) are both part of the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) promoted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to support international safety in air navigation, flight inspections, air accident investigations, training, certification, and related areas. This paper discusses roles and responsibilities of the regulator and service provider focusing on human performance in oversight versus operations. Clarification is intended to help both regulators and operators focus on executing their separate and distinct roles and responsibilities for oversight versus operations. Left unaddressed, role confusion between the organizations can result in safety …
