Task Modeling In Air Traffic Control With Trajectorized En-Route Traffic Data Processing System,
2021
Wright State University
Task Modeling In Air Traffic Control With Trajectorized En-Route Traffic Data Processing System, Sungju Maeng, Makoto Itoh, Hiroko Hirabayashi, Atsushi Senoguchi
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
As the volume of flight is extended, it is expected that the task complexity of air traffic controllers will increase. In Japan, air traffic control in en-route airspace is operating with TEPS (Trajectorized En-route Traffic Data Processing System), which has functions to display information necessary for air traffic controllers’ tasks. It has evolved to support the controllers with less workload, resulting in escalated interaction between controllers. However, paradoxically this means more information is provided and more workload would be required. In order to manage mental workload of air traffic controllers, detailed analyses of their tasks with TEPS are needed. In …
A Salute To Robert Key Dismukes: A Mentor For Translational Research In Human Factors,
2021
Wright State University
A Salute To Robert Key Dismukes: A Mentor For Translational Research In Human Factors, Janeen Adrion Kochan
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
As the fields of study associated with human factors (aviation psychology, cognitive systems engineering, engineering psychology, etc.) become broader in scope, the drive to bring the findings from academic research to those who can benefit from study findings must also expand. This paper honors Robert Key Dismukes, Ph.D., through a case study that illustrates how the bridge from research to practice (and back to research) can be built and how human factors professionals can translate and share what they know with new scientists, target populations, and the public at large. This review of Dr. Dismukes’ work demonstrates how the findings …
Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf),
2021
Wright State University
Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf), Karunakarar Thevaki, Lim Yuhan, Christopher De Roza, Janine Loi En Qi, Grace Yip Kam Luen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The study examined the predictive validity of the Computerised Aptitude Selection System (COMPASS) that was set up to support the RSAF in its selection of pilots and other vocations. COMPASS measures cognitive abilities theoretically identified to be relevant to the vocation and was introduced for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pilot selection since 2003. With fast changing technological advancement of the UAVs, it is important that validation studies are regularly conducted to improve the effectiveness of the test suite in predicting training success. 219 UAV Pilot applicants’ COMPASS scores were analysed against their actual training outcomes to determine a theoretically and …
The Effect To Human Performance And Wellbeing Of Air Traffic Management Operational Staff Through The Covid-19 Pandemic,
2021
Wright State University
The Effect To Human Performance And Wellbeing Of Air Traffic Management Operational Staff Through The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nathan Vink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The Covid-19 pandemic reduced air traffic levels in Europe by up to 95% and the system had to respond quickly to preserve safety, maintain efficiency and performance. Operators were significantly affected both in terms of individual and team performance, as well as the longer-term impact to skills and attitudes. Human Performance data from Operators has been collected through this period. The impact to safety risk due to underloading of human performance, as well as the longer-term impact to wellbeing and competencies of operators was analysed. The largest impact to staff was reduced performance because of anxiety and uncertainty around the …
Airspace Complexity For Pilots Operating In High-Density Terminal Airspace: New York Case Study,
2021
Wright State University
Airspace Complexity For Pilots Operating In High-Density Terminal Airspace: New York Case Study, Divya C. Chandra, Andrea Sparko, Andrew Kendra, Janeen Kochan
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Performance-based navigation (PBN) has been implemented in the redesign of terminal airspace across the National Airspace System (NAS). However, some locations, such as the New York metro area (NY), have not adopted PBN widely. Modernizing flight operations at high-density terminal airspace like NY is challenging, but also has the potential for significant operational benefits if successful. This research aims to understand the flight deck perspective on flying in high-density terminal airspace. We analyzed 73 events from the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) to assess flight operations at four major NY airports before COVID-19. We defined and explored the concept of …
Hazard Analysis For Human Supervisory Control Of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems,
2021
Wright State University
Hazard Analysis For Human Supervisory Control Of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Elias B. Johnson, Andrew N. Kopeikin, Nancy G. Leveson, Andrew W. Drysdale
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations are shifting from multiple operators controlling a single-UAS to a single operator supervising multiple-UAS engaged in complex mission sets. To enable this, there is wide consensus in literature that limitations in human cognitive capacity require shifting low-level control responsibilities to automation so that human operators can focus on supervisory control. However, hazard analyses to identify related safety concerns have largely been unexplored. To address this shortfall, this paper applies System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) on an abstracted model of a multi-UAS system. This hazard analysis approach handles complex systems and human-machine control interactions together. The paper …
Examining The Changing Roles And Responsibilities Of Humans In Envisioned Future In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems,
2021
Wright State University
Examining The Changing Roles And Responsibilities Of Humans In Envisioned Future In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems, Lawrence Prinzel Iii, Kyle Ellis, John Koelling, Paul Krois, Misty Davies, Robert Mah
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Advances in technology are enabling new concepts of operations that will trans-form aviation including increasingly autonomous capabilities to handle evolving complex dynamic ecosystems like those associated with Advanced Aerial Mobility. A major challenge is how to ensure today’s safety levels are maintained as the system scales for rapid detection and timely mitigation of safety issues. NASA has developed a concept of operation for In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems (IASMS) that represents a system-of-system perspective on interconnected capabilities needed to proactively reduce risk in complex operational environments where unknown hazards may exist. As a result, NASA research priorities include understanding how …
Pilot Is A Pilot Is A Pilot: Exploration Of Effects Of National Culture In Helicopter Pilots,
2021
Wright State University
Pilot Is A Pilot Is A Pilot: Exploration Of Effects Of National Culture In Helicopter Pilots, Anna Kaminska, Amy Irwin, Devin Ray, Rhona Flin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Culture has been identified as a factor influencing the way people communicate and behave. Though often imperceptible by its members, cross-cultural interactions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. The current study explored how national culture interacts in the cockpit and affects pilots’ safety behaviours. The study used in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 participants (14 helicopter pilots) to collect data on national culture’s impact. The data were analysed using conventional content analysis. Content analysis indicated two categories relevant to working with others irrespective of culture and three categories relevant to perceptions of national culture. The findings indicate that pilots acknowledge the …
Applying Human Factors Heuristic Evaluation Tools To Improve Aviation Weather Displays: A Mismatch,
2021
Wright State University
Applying Human Factors Heuristic Evaluation Tools To Improve Aviation Weather Displays: A Mismatch, John Kleber, Paige Lawton, Beth Blickensderfer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Background. Weather-related accidents have one of the highest fatality rates among General Aviation (GA) accidents. Pilots obtain graphical and textual weather information from aviation weather displays during both preflight planning and while inflight. Interpretation scores of weather products remain low regardless of pilot certification/rating. Previous research identifies poor usability as one cause of weather displays' low interpretability. Given the frequency of updates to weather displays, a rapid usability assessment technique is needed. Heuristic evaluations are a common method for quickly identifying usability problems. Heuristics evaluations entail expert reviewers evaluating an interface using a validated set of heuristic guidelines. This paper …
Resilience Engineering’S Potential For Advanced Air Mobility (Aam),
2021
Wright State University
Resilience Engineering’S Potential For Advanced Air Mobility (Aam), Christopher Nemeth, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The national airspace (NAS) will rapidly evolve in the next ten to twenty years. Plans for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) during that period envision highly automated airspace management systems and electrically powered vehicles. AAM concepts also anticipate limited human roles. The goal of limiting the human role is to minimize the potential for misadventures, yet how the human role is limited needs to be carefully considered in order to also preserve the potential for human successes. The field of resilience engineering (RE) focuses on how systems can change in order to seize an opportunity or withstand an unforeseen challenge. RE …
Speed-Accuracy Trade-Offs And General Systems Performance Theory: Novel Application To Fitts’ Law And Beyond,
2021
Wright State University
Speed-Accuracy Trade-Offs And General Systems Performance Theory: Novel Application To Fitts’ Law And Beyond, Lawrence R. Disalvi, George V. Kondraske
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Speed-accuracy trade-offs have long been of interest in human performance. General Systems Performance Theory (GSPT) was motivated by human performance measurement and modeling needs. It has subsequently been applied in those and other areas. In GSPT, all system performance attributes are modeled using a resource construct. Systems are characterized by multi-dimensional performance capacity envelopes (PCEs). The systems of interest here are considered to possess limited speed and accuracy performance resources defining a two-dimensional PCE. When considering human movement, relevance to Fitts’ law was conjectured. In multiple Fitts’ paradigm tasks, we found a near-perfect correlation between Index of Performance (IP) and …
What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Overview Model,
2021
Wright State University
What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Overview Model, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein, Andrea M. Georgiou
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Much of the work of pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers, aircraft mechanics, and flight operations center personnel is done in teams and coordination within and between teams is required. This is the first in a five-article series discussing theory and research relating to teamwork in aviation. This article presents a comprehensive model of teamwork in aviation. It builds on leading teamwork theories and integrates other aviation-relevant constructs such as decision making, technology, and culture. All components of the model have been extensively supported in the general team literature, but the extent of aviation-specific research varies considerably across constructs. Additional …
Observing On-Demand Aircrew Transitioning From Paper To Electronic,
2021
Wright State University
Observing On-Demand Aircrew Transitioning From Paper To Electronic, Charla L. Long, Kevin M. Gildea
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The introduction of electronic flight bags (EFBs) for flight crew use has reduced the overall workload, except in some situations if not designed properly or employed effectively. Researchers from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) undertook an observational study combined with crew interviews to assess overall flight crew operations including flight demands, procedures, and the methods the crews used to integrate EFBs into all aspects of their flights from preflight planning to postflight debrief. The researchers also examined the EFB applications (apps) themselves for general usability and developed some recommendations for ways EFB use in operations could be improved. General …
Validating Stress Tolerance Exercise With Game-Based Assessment And Stress Checklists,
2021
Wright State University
Validating Stress Tolerance Exercise With Game-Based Assessment And Stress Checklists, Jóhann Wium
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Stress tolerance is an important attribute for air traffic controllers. Assessing an individual’s stress tolerance should therefore be considered when selecting student air traffic controllers. Unfortunately, measures of stress tolerance are often self-reports and as such are subject to “faking good”. This paper details the validation of an observation-based stress tolerance exercise and its convergent validity with behavioral signs of stress (from stress checklists) and results of game-based assessments of Emotional Stability and Performance Under Pressure. The resulting data suggests that ratings from the exercise are valid and that game-based assessments can be used to predict ratings made from observable …
Organizational Safety In Airline Operations,
2021
Wright State University
Organizational Safety In Airline Operations, Esa Rantanen, Erik-Jan Hujibrechts
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Organizational accidents is a category of accidents caused by organizational factors. They are rare but have widespread consequences, many defenses and multiple causes, they are associated with judging and deciding, and have a long “history”. Organizational accidents are also associated with highly regulated industries, such as aviation. There are several other constructs related to organizational factors undermining safety. Aviation is unfortunately closely associated with the traditional “Safety I” thinking, where adverse outcomes can be found at the end of causal chain and treating, and preferably eliminating, the causes will increase safety by preventing future accidents. An alternative view is “Safety …
Utilizing Immersive Technologies In The Air Traffic Control Domain,
2021
Wright State University
Utilizing Immersive Technologies In The Air Traffic Control Domain, Shivani Bajaj, Andrew Jorquera, Charlie Duff, Rafael N.C. Patrick
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) holds a vital role in the United States, employing over 14,000 Air Traffic Control/Management (ATC/ATM) specialists responsible for managing roughly 43,000 flights each day. ATC education “wash-out” rates have shown that there is a disconnect between the training process and the implementation of cognitively demanding, safety-critical ATC duties. The purpose of this research was to investigate if, how, and where immersive technologies (i.e., augmented, virtual, and mixed reality) could be helpful within the ATC/ATM educational domain. To accomplish the overall research goal, subject matter expert (SME) interviews were conducted and a potential educational tool was …
Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?,
2021
Wright State University
Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?, Christine M. Talker
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Dealing successfully with unforeseen safety-critical situations is a prerequisite for save pilot performance. Studies applying new attention-based training approaches have revealed positive effects on emotion regulation and on concentration abilities. Hence, the question arises to what extent attention training would facilitate cognitive adaptation processes, thereby attenuating emotional stress responses and reducing performance decrements in unforeseen flight situations. Twenty-four pilots will be randomly assigned to two groups and will either be trained in attention regulation or in relaxation techniques. “Home training” will be followed by training in the flight simulator. Performance ratings, video and audio recordings, subjective data, and EDA data …
Loss Of Situational Awareness During Commercial Flight Over Colombian Mountains,
2021
Wright State University
Loss Of Situational Awareness During Commercial Flight Over Colombian Mountains, Oscar Sarmiento Mejia
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
No abstract provided.
The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment,
2021
Wright State University
The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment, M M Rene Van Paassen, Jelmer R. Reitsma, Erik_Jan A M Hujibrechts, Clark Borst, Annemarie Landman, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In the analysis of human performance and human error, considerable attention is given to the cognitive processes of actors involved in error or success scenarios. Even with awareness of hindsight bias, it takes effort to understand the actions of agents in later inspection of error scenarios. One such topic of heated discussion was the perceived poor performance of pilots in the two 737 MAX MCAS-related crashes in applying the “memory item” checklist pertaining to a runaway trim. In this paper, we argue that it is not so much the reproduction of the checklist that was lacking in these scenarios, but …
Situational Awareness Training For Operators Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,
2021
Wright State University
Situational Awareness Training For Operators Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Tarryn Kille, Paul R. Bates, Seung Young Lee, David Murray Kille
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In civilian operations, the utilisation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is diverse and the application needs and performance characteristics also vary widely. To this end, the growing opportunities for UAV operations have generated an urgent need for trained operators to ensure these systems are used effectively and safely. This paper discusses the importance and integration of appropriate non-technical skills (NTS) training with a focus on situation awareness (SA) to further improve UAV mission effectiveness. The paper explores technical design and human factors challenges impacting on UAV operations. While technical design solutions to UAV systems and interfaces are examined, the authors …
