System-Theoretic Requirements Definition For Human Interactions On Future Rotary-Wing Aircraft,
2021
Wright State University
System-Theoretic Requirements Definition For Human Interactions On Future Rotary-Wing Aircraft, Sam M. Yoo, Andrew N. Kopeikin, Dro J. Gregorian, Adam T. Munekata, John P. Thomas, Nancy G. Leveson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Future rotary-wing aircraft designs are highly complex, optionally manned, and include advanced teaming concepts that create unknown human-automation interaction safety risks. System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) enables analysis of hazards on these complex systems. This paper demonstrates how to apply STPA in future helicopters' early concept development to prevent unacceptable losses. The system is modeled as a hierarchical control structure to capture interactions between components, including human and software controllers. Unsafe control actions are identified from these relationships and are used to systematically derive causal scenarios that arise from both hazardous interactions between system components and component failures. System requirements are …
Training Airline Pilots For Improved Flight Path Monitoring: The Sensemaking Model Framework,
2021
Wright State University
Training Airline Pilots For Improved Flight Path Monitoring: The Sensemaking Model Framework, Dorrit Billman, Peter Zaal, Randall Mumaw, Thomas Lombaerts, Isabel Torron, Saad Jamal, Michael Feary
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The importance and benefit of improved monitoring is increasingly recognized. Improved training may be a valuable intervention. Our study (conducted 2019) assessed and trained airline First Officers on flight path monitoring skills. The exploratory study assessed monitoring pre-training in a simulator session that included monitoring challenges (8 or 7 events). A 1-hour interactive training followed, based on the Sensemaking Model of Monitoring; it presented concepts and examples using a slide deck, discussion, and simple activities. Post-training assessment used scenarios with analogous monitoring challenges (7 or 8 events) but a different setting. Performance showed significant and relatively consistent improvement. Training monitoring …
What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Contextual Factors Affecting Teamwork In Aviation,
2021
Wright State University
What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Contextual Factors Affecting Teamwork In Aviation, Andrea M. Georgiou, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Technology and culture are two major influences that play a role in team processes and performance. Technology can lessen the cognitive workload; however, the use of technology has the potential to undermine shared cognition and teamwork. Aviation technology has been developed to support individual performance, without sufficient analysis of the impact on team performance. Due to the international nature of aviation, cultural differences can play a role in teamwork. Dimensions of national culture, such as power distance and gender roles, along with inadequate English proficiency may impact the effectiveness of communication and teamwork. Status barriers and physical barriers such as …
Using A Perceptual Speed Test To Predict Flight Training Performance: New Findings,
2021
Wright State University
Using A Perceptual Speed Test To Predict Flight Training Performance: New Findings, Diane L. Damos, Alvah C. Bittner, Mary Niemczyk
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Using a Perceptual Speed Test to Predict Flight Training Performance: New Findings
Uas Safety Zones: A Model For Addressing Increased Air Traffic Controller Workload,
2021
Wright State University
Uas Safety Zones: A Model For Addressing Increased Air Traffic Controller Workload, Pratik Jadhav, Damon Lercel, Sarah Hubbard
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This paper presents a model to address the increased workload for air traffic controllers (ATC) due to the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the airport ecosystem. The FAA established small UAS operational regulations in 2016. Already, UAS pilots comprise over 20% of the total pilot population, and UAS account for 89% of the total aircraft registrations. Given current FAA resource constraints and the forecast growth of air traffic, innovative safety management solutions are required to address the increase in controller workload and the associated safety risks. This research presents one perspective regarding the impact of UAS operations on …
The Customer Is Always Right… Towards Rhino Pointing And Eye Tracking Interfaces For Combat Aviators,
2021
Wright State University
The Customer Is Always Right… Towards Rhino Pointing And Eye Tracking Interfaces For Combat Aviators, Patrick Highland, Daniel Harp, Thomas Schnell, Eric Geiselman, Paul Havig
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
At warfighter request, research was conducted to determine the military utility of eye tracking (ET) as a human machine interface (HMI) for large area displays (LADs) in a tactical live-flight environment. Flight test determined ET felt effortless until rapidly changing lighting conditions and pupil sizes as well as elevated gravitational load factor induced ET slippage rendered the requested interface unusable. In the spirit of, “the customer is always right,” researchers proved the warfighter ultimately wise in her request for a novel LAD HMI by testing a head tracking algorithm, called “Rhino Pointing (RP)”, alongside ET. RP was simpler to implement …
Display Design To Avoid And Mitigate Limit Cycle Oscillations On The F-16c,
2021
Wright State University
Display Design To Avoid And Mitigate Limit Cycle Oscillations On The F-16c, David Feibus
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The U.S. Air Force F-16C’s flight envelope is defined by its external weapon stores configuration, and the employment of some munitions at certain speeds can cause the F-16 to enter a flutter-like state called Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCO). In LCO, the pilot experiences turbulent vibrations reducing their fine motor control. The current research attempted to help pilots anticipate an LCO-susceptible configuration by projecting the consequences of employing certain munitions. It was hypothesized that the new displays would result in fewer flight envelope violations, fewer LCO occurrences, and increased situation awareness. The results show that there are situation awareness benefits if …
Systematic Review Of Weather Observation And Forecast Resources Available To General Aviation Pilots,
2021
Wright State University
Systematic Review Of Weather Observation And Forecast Resources Available To General Aviation Pilots, J W. Wallace, Nicoletta Fala
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Weather continues to be a consistent hazard for pilots despite decades of progress in both pilot education and weather observation and forecasting technology. Much research has been done on the various facets of this problem, from pilot psychology to the weather information sources themselves. Weather-Intelligent Navigation Data and Models for Aviation Planning (WINDMAP) is a NASA University Leadership Initiative (ULI) that aims to use Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to improve the accessibility and accuracy of weather information for General Aviation (GA) pilots and UAS operators. This paper aims to produce a systematic review of research on the topic using the …
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors,
2021
Wright State University
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors, Shagun Gupta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Introduction-International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) SHELL model was designed to study and investigate the way the pilot interacted with the various dimensions of the model. Aim-The present study aimed to explore psychological aspects while flying using the dimensions of ICAO’s SHELL model of aviation. Methods-The study followed the qualitative research paradigm. The sample consisted of 9 (Males =4, Female =5) student trainee pilots in the age range of 18 – 21 years. They were subjected to in-depth interviews which lasted for around 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using the thematic network of analysis. Results-The results show that in the …
Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys,
2021
Wright State University
Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys, Andrey K. Babin, Andrew R. Dattel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Twin-engine propeller aircraft accidents occur for many reasons including misidentifying a failed engine. Pilots learn to use a procedure called dead leg-dead engine to identify the failed engine; however, misidentification of the failed engine still occurs, questioning the effectiveness of this procedure. Two surveys were created. Survey 1 was completed by 49 airline pilots operating twin-engine turboprop aircraft; Survey 2 was completed by 22 instructor pilots operating twin-engine piston aircraft. Survey 1: Average flight time was 6,230 hours. Approximately 19% of respondents reported using the Engine-Out procedure at least once. Twenty-nine percent agreed that there could be a better method …
Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches And Landings In Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis,
2021
Wright State University
Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches And Landings In Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis, Garrin Ross, Linda Tomko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Informed by findings and recommendations from the Flight Safety Foundation’s Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Task Force, we examined and analyzed Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) incident report data from unstabilized approach and landing events. The aim of this study was to investigate the human factors reported as contributing to operational incidents of unstabilized approaches and landings in United States-based commercial aviation. Results showed the unstabilized approaches were significantly less likely to be responded to with go-around compliance. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed descriptive differences in the associations of the ASRS-coded human factors with the likelihood of unstabilized approaches being …
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation,
2021
Wright State University
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Machine learning algorithms have become popular tools for automated classification of text; however, performance of such algorithms varies and depends on several factors. We examined how a subjective labeling process based on a human factors taxonomy can influence human, as well as automated, classification of safety incident reports from aviation. In order to evaluate these challenges, we trained a machine learning classifier on a subset of 17,253 incident reports from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System using multi-label classification, and collected labels from six human annotators for a representative subset of 400 incident reports each, resulting in a total of …
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction,
2021
Wright State University
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction, Sarah Hubbard, Bryan Hubbard, Joseph Sobieralski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Airfield infrastructure projects are critical to ensure facilities are safe, in good condition and meet current standards. However, these airfield construction and reconstruction activities are usually conducted on an active airfield, which impose operational and human factors challenges for all users, including pilots, air traffic controllers, airport operations personnel, construction workers, and emergency responders. FAA recognizes the potential safety challenges, and provides supporting guidance and regulation as described in AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. While this guidance is valuable and enhances safety, there remain human factors issues that are worthy of investigation and discussion.
Identifying Opportunities For Augmented Cognition During Live Flight Scenario: An Analysis Of Pilot Mental Workload Using Eeg,
2021
Wright State University
Identifying Opportunities For Augmented Cognition During Live Flight Scenario: An Analysis Of Pilot Mental Workload Using Eeg, Nicholas Wilson, Hamed Taheri Gorji, Jessica Vanbree, Bradley Hoffmann, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Thomas Petros
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Augmented cognition is a form of human-systems interaction in which physiological sensing of a user’s cognitive state is used to precisely invoke system automations when needed. The present study monitored the in-flight physiological state of the pilot to determine the optimal combination of EEG indices to predict variations in workload, or opportunities for augmented cognition.The [sic] participants were 10 collegiate aviation students with FAA commercial pilot certificates and current medical certificates. Each participant performed a uniform flight scenario that included procedures that varied in workload demands. All maneuvers were performed while simultaneously acquiring EEG data in flight. The EEG data …
Metacognitive Situation Awareness In Aviation,
2021
Wright State University
Metacognitive Situation Awareness In Aviation, Haydee M. Cuevas, Marisa D. Aguiar
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This exploratory study was aimed at gaining a better understanding of metacognitive situation awareness. Seven subject matter experts, two each for commercial aviation and aviation maintenance and three for air traffic control, were asked to define ‘situation awareness’ as it relates to their job and identify the knowledge, skills, and strategies enabling them to effectively monitor, evaluate, and regulate their situation awareness as they perform their job. Findings from this line of research can guide the design, development, and evaluation of approaches for enhancing and assessing metacognitive situation awareness.
Assessment Of A Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy In Utilizing An Aircraft Attitude Symbology,
2021
Wright State University
Assessment Of A Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy In Utilizing An Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis, Michael E. Miller, Eric E. Geiselman, David W. Dommett, Brent T. Langhals, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, Julie A. Jackson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This study examined how visual field performance asymmetries affect visual processing of complex, meaningful visual stimuli, such as the Arc-Segmented Attitude Reference (ASAR). Participants’ performance was collected in their recall and report of attitude information after briefly presented ASAR symbology within the peripheral visual field. Visual processing of the ASAR was assessed when making coordinate and categorical judgments at cardinal display locations for each of several flight contexts (roll left/right, climb, and dive). Primarily in coordinate tasking, performance trends were consistent with the horizontal-vertical anisotropy literature—performance is better on the horizontal meridian over the vertical meridian in the field of …
Applying Eye-Tracking Technology To Explore The Visual Scanning Practices Of Air Traffic Control Tower Controllers,
2021
Wright State University
Applying Eye-Tracking Technology To Explore The Visual Scanning Practices Of Air Traffic Control Tower Controllers, Jerry Crutchfield, Ziho Kang, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In the domain of Air Traffic Control (ATC), visual scanning refers to a systematic and continuous effort to acquire all necessary information to build and maintain a complete awareness of activities and situations which may affect the controllers’ area of responsibility. Our research team has supported FAA efforts to improve training of the important scanning skill, by conducting research to identify characteristics of successful tower visual scanning behavior. In addition to conducting multidisciplinary working groups and structured one-on-one interviews, we have collected eye-movement data from tower control experts while they controlled high fidelity air traffic simulations of airports at which …
Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality,
2021
Wright State University
Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality, Ziho Kang, Jerry Crutchfield, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
If we could discover the visual scanning patterns of expert air traffic control operators (ATCOs), we could use those findings to better train novices. One critical issue is that visual scan paths can be complex even for a short period of time, therefore, a systematic approach is required to obtain clear and meaningful visual scanning patterns. We transformed the raw eye movement data of expert ATCOs into visual scanning patterns by using the collapsed eye movement sequences that occurred on important areas of interest, then visualized them based on accumulated time frames. We collected and subsequently analyzed controller eye movements …
Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving,
2021
Wright State University
Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving, Tyler N. Morrison, Richard J. Jagacinski, Jordan Petrov
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Participants used a position control system to track the center of a simulated winding roadway with preview that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 s. Participants’ spatial distributions of attention were measured by perturbing the roadway with different frequency sinusoids at different roadway positions and then measuring the degree to which those frequencies were present in their tracking movements. Participants exhibited a continuous range of attention, and it lengthened with the amount of displayed preview. When preview disappeared for 5 s, longer time to regress to feedback control was strongly correlated with the amount of preview that was withdrawn. During preview …
Exploring Methods To Collect And Analyze Data On Human Contributions To Aviation Safety,
2021
Wright State University
Exploring Methods To Collect And Analyze Data On Human Contributions To Aviation Safety, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Focusing on undesired operator behaviors is pervasive in system design and safety management cultures in aviation. This focus limits the data that are collected, the questions that are asked during data analysis, and therefore our understanding of what operators do in everyday work. Human performance represents a significant source of aviation safety data that includes both desired and undesired actions. When safety is characterized only in terms of errors and failures, the vast majority of human impacts on system safety and performance are ignored. The outcomes of safety data analyses dictate what is learned from those data, which in turn …
