An Analysis Of Horizontal Forces Between Sports,
2022
California State University, Fullerton
An Analysis Of Horizontal Forces Between Sports, Riley Neuenburg, Brock Crews, Jared W. Coburn, Kevin Choe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Different sports have various demands that athletes must meet to perform at the requisite level. For example, hockey athletes produce primarily horizontal forces due to skating. However, in basketball, there are a combination of horizontal forces from running and vertical forces from frequent jumping. Therefore, utilizing forces exclusively in one direction as a metric to compare athletes of different sports could provide a limited analysis. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the relationship between horizontal and vertical forces between athletes who participate in the 4 major sports in the US by using a ratio of horizontal …
Assessment Of Repeated Measurement Variance In Shear Wave Elastography Of The Medial And Lateral Gastrocnemius And Soleus,
2022
Brigham Young University, Provo
Assessment Of Repeated Measurement Variance In Shear Wave Elastography Of The Medial And Lateral Gastrocnemius And Soleus, Kassidy J. Naef, Brent Feland
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The use of shear wave elastography (SWE) as a method to measure intrinsic muscle stiffness is gaining increasing interest in the scientific community. To date, a few studies exist that have evaluated reliability of SWE of the gastrocnemius muscle under various conditions. However, data on day-to-day variance, inter-rater variance and frame use in reporting stiffness is missing. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to calculate the variance of repeated measures for SWE in 2 different muscles using different raters and to analyze the number of elastogram frames needed for stiffness assessment. METHODS: 12 raters measured SWE of …
Sled-Pull Training Improves Maximal Horizontal Velocity In Collegiate Male And Female Soccer Players,
2022
Loyola Marymount University
Sled-Pull Training Improves Maximal Horizontal Velocity In Collegiate Male And Female Soccer Players, Atithi K. Multani, John A. Brasher, Robert J. Rovetti, Junyuan Lin, Robert V. Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The force velocity profile (FvP), which details the capacity to sprint and accelerate, is a determinant of success in soccer. To date, no data exist that details the FvP of male and female collegiate Division I soccer players. Further, there is limited insight on how training interventions may modify the FvP of either males or females. PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to compare FvP between collegiate male and female athletes and assess the efficacy of a 12-week sled pull training intervention. METHODS: 17 male (20.17 ± 1.38 yrs) and 12 female (19.75 ± 1.05 yrs) soccer …
Lower Extremity Loading And Subsequent Muscle Soreness Following High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: A Pilot Study,
2022
University of Southern California
Lower Extremity Loading And Subsequent Muscle Soreness Following High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: A Pilot Study, Jared Moore, Noah Ogata, George Salem
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular form of exercise that is being performed by the general population as well as athletes. There is little work into how the lower extremity loading within HIIT protocols differs among various exercise modalities and the effects these differences may have on resulting muscle soreness. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to characterize lower extremity vertical reaction forces (vRF) during treadmill running and cycling HIIT protocols in young, healthy adults and to explore the relations of the vRF with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). METHODS: Participants completed a heart rate …
Mechanical Differences Between Sexes During A Jump Landing,
2022
Whittier College
Mechanical Differences Between Sexes During A Jump Landing, Miranda Moeslein, Lexy Clark, Jared W. Coburn, Kevin Choe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Jump landings are a frequent occurrence in both male and female sports. However, aberrant landing mechanics, such as landing with smaller knee flexion angles (KFA), can increase the likelihood of knee joint injury. Previous research suggests males and females demonstrate different landing mechanics, which could explain the higher incidence of knee injuries in females, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity landing biomechanics associated with ACL injury between males and females. We hypothesized that females would land with smaller KFA and greater knee abduction angles (KAA) compared to males. …
Are There Balance Differences Between Aquatic And Land Athletes?,
2022
California Lutheran University
Are There Balance Differences Between Aquatic And Land Athletes?, Bethany Metcalfe, Taylor Garcia, Travis Peterson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Proficiency in static and dynamic balance tests is an indicator of both athletic proficiency as well as an indicator of movement deficiencies. Those movement deficiencies could be due to a neurological issue related to mild traumatic brain injury (i.e. concussion). Previous studies have studied single leg static balance using the BESS (Balance error scoring system) which is also used by the NCAA to pre-test for concussions (Riemann, 2012). Aquatic athletes could be at a predisposed disadvantage in NCAA concussion testing because there is a possibility of having differences in balance ability (as compared to land athletes) that may be mistaken …
One Year Effects Of Rock Steady Boxing Exercise In Parkinson’S Disease,
2022
California State University, Monterey Bay
One Year Effects Of Rock Steady Boxing Exercise In Parkinson’S Disease, Stephanie Mercado, Tianna Wehby, Maria Bellumori
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease resulting in physical function decline. Exercise slows the progression of PD. Rock Steady Boxing (RSB) is a high-intensity, non-contact boxing program designed for people with PD. While it is typically ideal to obtain measurable improvements upon starting an exercise regimen, due to the progressive nature of PD and ensuing decline in function, maintenance is a primary goal in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an RSB program maintains physical function in people with PD. METHODS: Eighteen people with PD (Hoehn-Yahr levels 1-4, ages 65-83) completed tests …
Effect Of Localized Vibration Using Massage Gun At 40hz And 50hz On Blood Flow,
2022
Brigham Young University
Effect Of Localized Vibration Using Massage Gun At 40hz And 50hz On Blood Flow, Alyssa C. Mecate, Robert R. Richardson, Devin Needs, Anthony S. Peterson, Tanner D. Adams, Aaron W. Johnson, Ray M. Merrill, J. Brent Feland
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Data has shown that whole body vibration can positively affect blood flow, however, there are very few studies on the effect of localized therapeutic vibration on arterial blood flow. Occupational studies looking at localized vibration effects on skin blood flow normally include high frequency settings. In the last few years, massage guns have become popular, but they operate at lower frequencies. Currently, there is no data on the effects of localized vibration from massage guns on arterial blood flow. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of two different frequencies of localized vibration on blood flow in the popliteal artery. METHODS: 12 …
Inflammatory Response Following High-Intensity Interval Training (Hiit) Across Different Exercise Modalities: A Pilot Study,
2022
University of Southern California
Inflammatory Response Following High-Intensity Interval Training (Hiit) Across Different Exercise Modalities: A Pilot Study, Bailey Mclagan, Jared Moore, George Salem
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Exercise-related muscular contractions produce and release numerous myokines, namely interleukins (IL) 6, 8, and 10. Most studies have focused on longer duration (>60 minutes) exercise and suggest that the IL-6 response to running is greater than that of cycling. However, to date, the effect of 4x4 High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and modality on the inflammatory response to exercise have not been reported. PURPOSE: This pilot investigation characterized the inflammatory biomarker response to HIIT 4x4 running and cycling protocols. METHODS: Five young, recreationally active volunteers (1 female, 4 males; 27.20 ± 3.42 years) completed a heart rate max …
Chronotypical And Habitual Exercise Timing Effects On Physical Activity And Sleep Quality,
2022
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Chronotypical And Habitual Exercise Timing Effects On Physical Activity And Sleep Quality, Elias M. Malek, Michael Dial, Graham Mcginnis 8954626
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
An individual's circadian rhythm and chronotype, or circadian preference, influence physical activity (PA) and sleep patterns during the 24-hour period, with people who prefer later exercise exhibiting poorer sleep patterns and reduced physical activity (PA) levels. Previous work comparing exercise timing’s relationship with chronotype examined single bouts of exercise, indicating the need to examine habitual exercise trends on a longer-term basis. PURPOSE: To analyze the interaction between chronotype and long-term exercise timing preference on physical activity and sleep quality. METHODS: Data were analyzed retrospectively from an open-source data set collected by Cunningham et al. from 05/2020 – 11/2021. Chronotype was …
Individuals Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Respond Differently To Limb Loading Instruction: A Clustering Analysis,
2022
University of Southern California
Individuals Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Respond Differently To Limb Loading Instruction: A Clustering Analysis, Willa Ma, Susan Sigward
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) demonstrate altered loading strategies such as shifting mechanical demand away from the surgical knee. Previous work found that individuals can restore limb loading symmetry with instruction to equalize weight distribution between limbs during a squat task. However, when looking at individual responses to these instructions, it appear that not all individual responded similarly. PURPOSE: To use k-means clustering to describe the variation in response to instruction to equalize weight between limbs in individuals 3-4 months post-ACLr. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of a dataset including two groups: individuals 110.4 days …
Reaction Times Altered By Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear,
2022
Utah State University
Reaction Times Altered By Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear, Bonny H. Lu, Sara A. Harper, David A.E. Bolton, Anne Z. Beethe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is associated with declined performance upon return to sport, with high rates of reinjury. Despite ACL reconstruction, ACL tears induce neuroplasticity, increasing reliance on vision and preparation time in movement. This increased reliance on vision and time could lead to motor control strategy deficits under sport-specific tasks. PURPOSE: To determine if ACL injury results in slower muscle onsets in a reactive stepping task and if this is affected by preparation. METHODS: Reactive balance was assessed in ACL (N=6) and healthy control (CON; N=12) participants using a lean and release device to initiate …
The Performance Profile Of A Division I Football Team,
2022
Northern Arizona University
The Performance Profile Of A Division I Football Team, Seth B. Long, Tyler Shumate, Dierdra K. Bycura, Scott N. Drum
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Reporting athletic performance characteristics of a Division I collegiate football team may serve to inform coaching personnel and sports performance staff about the most versatile players to utilize for various competitions. Performance data may also help guide developing athletes about benchmarks to achieve for optimal competitiveness. PURPOSE: Our aim was to observe athletic performance characteristics of and differences between designated starters (ST) vs non-starters (NST). METHODS: 44 athletes – ST (n=22) vs NST (n=22) – were selected using a convenience sample and equally distributed between offense and defense positions. Preseason performance data were analyzed related to select power, including …
Firefighter Trainee Fitness, Reasons For Academy Release, And Predictive Capabilities Of Fitness Tests,
2022
California State University, Fullerton
Firefighter Trainee Fitness, Reasons For Academy Release, And Predictive Capabilities Of Fitness Tests, Robert G. Lockie, Fernando Montes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Firefighter trainees need a level of fitness to be admitted to and complete a training academy. Fitness could indicate a trainee’s likelihood of graduation. PURPOSE: Determine fitness differences between trainees who graduated (GRAD) or were released due to a) injury (RELI), b) skills test performance failures (RELP), or c) resignation (RELR); and whether fitness predicted graduation or academy release. METHODS: Data from an occupational physical ability test (OPAT) for 686 trainees were analyzed, including: Illinois agility test; push-ups; pull-ups; leg tucks; estimated maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) from the multistage fitness test; backwards overhead 4.54-kg medicine ball …
The Effects Of Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion On Exercise And Cognitive Performance In Female Athletes,
2022
Pepperdine University
The Effects Of Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion On Exercise And Cognitive Performance In Female Athletes, Isabella G. Lincoln, Courtney Merrill, Katherine M. Price, Sean T. Karl, Ryan T. Kenney, Alyssa A. Riley, Chandler F. Riley, Maya A. Hammer, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Nitrate-rich beetroot juice can enhance intense exercise performance which is attributed to enhanced skeletal muscle contractility. However, limited data exist in females and it is unknown whether dietary nitrate has an ergogenic effect in this population. PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of acute nitrate ingestion on a battery of exercise performance and cognitive tests before and after fatiguing intermittent running exercise. METHODS: Fifteen female team-sport athletes were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to consume nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR; 12 mmol of nitrate) and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.10 mmol of nitrate) 2.5 h prior to …
Differences In Arterial Occlusion Pressure Using Two Different Cuff Inflation Protocols,
2022
Brigham Young University, Provo UT
Differences In Arterial Occlusion Pressure Using Two Different Cuff Inflation Protocols, Ryan B. Lacey, Chase Blazzard, Hannah Hart, Nicole Kasper, Daniela Lopez, Shay Richards, Pat R. Vehrs Facsm
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The occlusion pressure used during blood flow restriction during exercise is based on the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Although previous studies have measured AOP using two different cuff inflation protocols, no studies have compared the AOP measured using both protocols. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the superficial femoral artery AOP when measured using two different cuff inflation protocols. METHODS: Ultrasound (GE LOGIQ) was used to detect blood flow through the superficial femoral artery of both legs in 20 males and 20 females. An inflatable cuff was placed on the upper thigh. The superficial femoral artery was …
Bone Mineral Density In Weight-Bearing And Aquatic Athletes,
2022
Loyola Marymount University
Bone Mineral Density In Weight-Bearing And Aquatic Athletes, Elizabeth Krauss, Kayla Stuckenberg, Hawley C. Almstedt
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of mineral deposit within the bone that can be used as an early-adulthood predictor for onset of osteoporosis. Type of exercise induces a stress-response which builds BMD. PURPOSE: Non-weight-bearing-athletes were compared to weight-bearing-athletes and controls to identify differences in bone health among groups. The participants were compared longitudinally to measure change in BMD overtime. This study was modeled after work by Taaffe et al. (1995) which concluded that female athletes who do not engage in weight-bearing-activities had lower BMD. METHODS: Height, weight, and calcium intake was collected for female students (20.0±1.3 years); 23 …
Altered Cortical Activation Patterns In The Motor Cortex Post Acl Reconstruction Compared To Healthy Control,
2022
Loyola Marymount University
Altered Cortical Activation Patterns In The Motor Cortex Post Acl Reconstruction Compared To Healthy Control, Ryan Kim, Lana Kayali, Abi Rae Stine, Yong Woo An Facsm
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), patients often experience persistent knee dysfunction, such as knee strength deficit, possibly correlated with altered cortical activation in the brain. However, it remains unclear if ACLR patients exhibit different cortical activation patterns in the primary motor cortex (M1) during strength tasks, when compared to healthy control. PURPOSE: To examine electrocortical activation patterns in the M1 during submaximal isometric contraction of the quadriceps between an ACLR patient and a healthy control. METHODS: Both ACLR (female, 21yrs,180.34cm, 77.11kg) and control (female, 39yrs, 160.02cm, 61.23kg) performed isometric extension of the reconstructed or matched knees at …
The Physiological Profile Of A Blind Female Solo Ultra-Endurance Cyclist – A Novel Case Study,
2022
Northern Arizona University
The Physiological Profile Of A Blind Female Solo Ultra-Endurance Cyclist – A Novel Case Study, Jordyn M. Keddy, Scott N. Drum
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Ultra-endurance mountain biking (MTB) greater than 2,450 miles in 51 days with over 150,000 feet of elevation gain is a significant physiological and fear-inducing journey for anyone. This case study showcases the psychophysiology of a blind solo (i.e., single bike) rider (BSR) with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) who achieved an unparalleled ride of the Tour Divide MTB route with 2 male guides (MG). PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this project was to observe the interplay between fatigue (acute training load, ATL), fitness (chronic training load, CTL), and form (training stress balance, TSB) as part of a performance management …
Higher Alpha/Theta Ratio May Indicate Decreased Brain Function In Older Adults During Cspfp10 Compared To Young Adults,
2022
New Mexico State University
Higher Alpha/Theta Ratio May Indicate Decreased Brain Function In Older Adults During Cspfp10 Compared To Young Adults, Yangmi Kang, Mary A. Berg, Sang-Rok Lee, Jim Kroger, Yong Woo An
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Declined physical ability and brain function observed in elder can affect daily living activities and negatively influence the quality of life (QOL). While the extensive research has explored the changes in cortical activity related to motor control in elder, less is known about how the brain functions during a physical function test. PURPOSE: To examine the electrocortical activation in the older adults’ brain during the Continuous Scale Physical Function Performance-10 (CSPFP-10) compared to young adults. METHODS: Twenty five older adults (OLD; 75.40±7.32 yrs, 70.33±18.23 kg, 162.87±7.55 cm) and twenty five young (YOUNG; 19.88±1.72 yrs, 66.52±14.22 kg, 167.50±10.22 cm) …
