Medical Education Commons^™

A Comparison Of Swimming Economy Between Two Full-Sleeve Wetsuits, Herbert Monroy-Chacon, Brian S. Chang, Juan P. Lindo, Alejandra Sanchez, Angel Benitez, M Selvan Joseph, George H. Crocker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A wetsuit is an important piece of equipment that a triathlete uses during their swim-bike-run race. Wetsuits differ based on style (e.g., full-sleeve or sleeveless), manufacturer and price. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare swimming economy in two full-sleeve wetsuits in a group of recreational swimmers and triathletes. METHODS: Nine men (34.3 ± 13.3 years old) and six women (37.8 ± 16.0 years old) completed a progressive swim test to exhaustion in a swim flume without a wetsuit to determine their peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO_2peak). This was followed by three …

Body Mass Index Superior To Body Adiposity Index In Predicting Adiposity In Male Collegiate Athletes, Isaiah Mews, Payton Price, Ruthie Larson, Sofia Harman, Annika Grams, Anthony Acevedo, Zachary Ziegler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BMI is moderately correlated with %Fat and has been suggested to be inadequate at predicting overfat status in male collegiate athletes.The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is an alternative anthropometric measurement suggested to be superior to BMI at predicting adiposity but has not been well assessed within different collegiate sports. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if BAI is superior to BMI in predicting %Fat in male collegiate athletes. METHODS: Collegiate male rugby and baseball players were invited into the laboratory for measurements of height, weight, and %Fat via BOD POD. BAI was calculated as Hip …

Effects Of Time-Restricted Exercise On Training Induced Adaptations In Mice, Graham R. Mcginnis, Michael Dial, Elias M. Malek, Greco Neblina, Austin Cooper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent studies have shown that the time of day that exercise is performed can alter the physiological and molecular response. However, very few studies have investigated the longitudinal effects of time-of-day dependent training. Identification of an optimal exercise timing could lead to subsequent exercise prescriptions to elicit specific adaptations based on desired outcomes in healthy or disease populations.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if voluntary exercise performed at different times of day would alter the physiological response to training. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Labs) housed on a strict 12:12 light dark cycle performed …

Measured Thoracic Gas Volume Versus Two Predictions, Jacob Mcbride, Dale R. Wagner, Steven Spencer, Bradley Penrose, Brooklyn Murri, Edward M. Heath

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body composition, or one’s fat mass relative to total mass, is important to a person’s health and physical performance. One method to measure body composition is the Bod Pod air displacement plethysmograph. To determine body volume from the Bod Pod, thoracic gas volume (TGV), or the volume of air in the lungs during a normal breath, must be measured or predicted. PURPOSE: The intent of this study was to compare measured TGV to two predictions: one from the Bod Pod (TGV_BP) that makes assumptions about functional residual capacity and tidal volume, and one from a recent publication …

The Effect Of Age And Sex On Lower Extremity Joint Power Coordination, Isabella G. Martinez, Kylie B. Garcia, Michele Leblanc

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous research has provided conflicting results regarding interjoint coordination during a squat jump for young and old adults. In particular, researchers have noted if a proximal-to-distal sequencing (PDS) pattern characterized by hip, then knee, then ankle movement was utilized. Argaud et al. (2019) concluded that both groups used a PDS pattern while Haguenauer et al. (2005) reported that older adults exhibited a more simultaneous strategy. However, both of these studies only investigated male subjects. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in joint power sequencing between males and females and between young and older …

Combined Grape Seed Extract And L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Cycling Time Trial Performance, Edwin Marquez, Mariah Yaggi, Karina Macias, Natalie Nawfal, Johnny Huatran, Samuel Hernandez, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Studies have shown that L-Citrulline alone improves nitric oxide (NO) production which is beneficial for vasodilation or increasing skeletal blood flow. Grape seed extract (GSE) also has been shown to increase the production of NO via activation of NO synthase, reducing peripheral resistance during exercise. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if acute administration of the combined GSE and L-Citrulline supplements had a greater effect on exercise performance compared to taking either supplement alone. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over design, 12 healthy male subjects aged between 18 to 30 years were divided into four groups: Placebo (starch), …

College Student Sleep And Quality Of Life, Brandon E. Madrid, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lack of sleep has been found to negatively impact one’s health. Not only can a lack of sleep make one feel tired or impact their mood, there are many other significant health problems that result from less sleep. On the other hand, getting adequate sleep offers several health benefits which may positively influence one’s quality of life. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep and quality of life in college students over the age of 18 years old. METHODS: College students of all genders and ethnicities from 18 years of age and older were …

Sex Differences In The Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion Pressure, Daniela Lopez, Chase Blazzard, Hannah Hart, Nicole Kasper, Ryan Lacey, Shay Richards, Pat R. Vehrs Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The measurement of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) prior to the use of blood flow restriction during exercise is recommended. Not all previous studies that have included both male and female participants have reported sex differences in AOP. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the superficial femoral artery AOP of the dominant and non-dominant legs between males and females. METHODS: Ultrasound (GE LOGIQ) was used to detect blood flow through the superficial femoral artery of both legs in a random order in 20 males and 20 females. Circumference of the upper thigh, leg volume, and skinfold thickness were …

How Does Maximal Aerobic Capacity Predict The Performance Of Rotc Cadets On The Acft, Ruth Larson, Annika Grams, Sofia Harman, Sara Thomasson, Kaitlyn Wabakken, Katelynn Brock, Payton Price, Anthony Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a newly developed test that assesses the combat readiness of U.S. Army soldiers. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO_2max) characteristics vary between soldiers and have the ability to affect performance outcomes. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine if VO_2max can predict performance outcomes of the ACFT in ROTC cadets. Methods: ROTC cadets (44 males, 15 females; aged 21.06 ± 3.6 years) completed the 6-event ACFT (3-repetition maximum trap-bar deadlift [MDL], standing power toss [SPT], hand-release pushups [HRPU], sprint-drag-carry shuttle run [SDC], plank [PLK], and 2-mile run [2MR]). The cadets …

Effect Of Primary Power Source On The Load Voltage Relationship In Load Cells From An Instrumented Scrum Machine, Mikaela N. Kirkpatrick, Ashley Landa, Jherrica Phillips, Marcus Pulido-Ojeda, Eric Martin, George Beckham, Steven B. Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To measure force generated by rugby union players during the scrum, we instrumented a scrum machine using S-type load cells for voltage force data collection. Data collection may take place in a variety of settings with varying access to primary power. The voltage outputs from electronic equipment may change when using battery versus AC power. Purpose: To compare the load-voltage relationship in S-type load cells between wall outlet AC power and a lithium ion battery pack and inverter. Methods: Dead weight calibrations of two load cells under two power supply conditions were performed up to 200kg. Voltage data was obtained …

A Novel Use Of Concussion Protocols In The Management Of The Cognitive Effects In Long Haul Covid, Rodiel Kirby Baloy Pt, Dpt, Eds, Ms, Olivia S. Tarca Bs, Spt, Harold Lueders Spt, Angel Ramos Spt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Some individuals diagnosed with Long Haul COVID (lCOVID) have concurrently reported cognitive issues such as confusion, forgetfulness, decreased attention time, and difficulty focusing. This series of symptoms is termed brain fog. PURPOSE: Patients with reports of brain fog may benefit from the utilization of protocols associated with concussion rehabilitation to reduce the effects of confusion, frustration, and difficulty focusing on exercise instructions. This study looked at the novel application of the concussion rehabilitation protocol to mitigate the cognitive issues linked to brain fog through a course of physical therapy for lCOVID recovery. METHODS: This case report tracked a 57-year-old female …

The Effects Of Alternate Day Modified Fasting On Diet And Weight Loss: A Pilot Study, Dallin Kemp, Bruce Bailey, Landon Deru, Andrew Stevens

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Alternate day fasting has been shown to be an effective strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health but adherence is challenging. Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) is an alternative approach that allows for a meal (~25% of calories) to be consumed on the fast day to help make the fasting protocol more sustainable. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a 14-day alternate day modified fast on energy intake, macronutrient composition and body composition. METHODS: Forty two participants (24 male/18 female) completed 3 days of baseline testing followed by a 14-day treatment period where …

Effect Of Air Resistance On Braking And Propulsive Impulses During Treadmill Running., Luke Johnston, Jared Steele, Luke Vankeersbilck, Iain Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Treadmill running is a convenient option for runners looking to avoid adverse environmental conditions or that prefer a gym setting. Outdoor running includes air resistance, whereas treadmill running typically does not. Very little research has been focused on the influence of air resistance and its role on kinetic factors during running. PURPOSE: To determine how anterior/posterior impulses change due to air resistance during two different treadmill speeds. METHODS: A wind tunnel was placed 0.61m from the edge of a force instrumented treadmill (Bertec, Boston, MA) while attempting to run 1.12m from the opening of it. Seven subjects ran …

The Effects Of Alternate-Day Fasting On Sleep In Poor Sleepers, Cameron G. Jacobsen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Alternate day modified fasting is an intermittent fasting approach that provides an effective strategy for weight loss. While research has shown alternate day modified fasting to be an affective weight loss strategy, less is known about its impact on sleep quality. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a 14-day alternate day modified fast on sleep patterns in participants who were classified as ‘poor sleepers.’ METHODS: Forty two participants (24 male/18 female) completed 3 days of baseline testing followed by a 14-day treatment period where they followed a modified alternate day fasting regimen that consisted …

Type Of Physical Activity In Active Individuals Leads To Differences In Strength, Dora Ivanov, Julia Freedman Silvernail, Devin Kelly, John Mercer, Michelle Samual

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very commonly injured ligament in the knee. Typically, the injuries require reconstruction surgery and rehabilitation. The goal of rehab is to achieve the same level of ability and strength as prior to the injury. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate activity and strength in individuals who have undergone ACL reconstruction and healthy control participants. We aimed to determine the strength differences between participants who do intentional workouts versus those who live an active lifestyle and to determine whether activity alters strength measures. METHODS: Using existing data, participants were …

Novel Application Of A Performance Prediction Model During Altered Running Gait Strategies, Oluchi Ibe, Robert Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Currently, there is limited research demonstrating that gait retraining can significantly impact running economy and subsequent running performance in distance runners with most of the research showing no or minimal change. Recently, a novel model was developed that predicts running performance based on changes in running economy but has not previously been applied when altering running gait strategies. PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to determine the effect of altering running strategy on predicted running performance in distance runners through application of this novel prediction model. METHODS: Fifteen male (n=10; Age: 22.2 ± 4.9 years; Height: 177.7 ± 7.4 …

Satellite Cell Proliferation At Different Phases Of The Menstrual Cycle Following Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Muscle Damage, Werner N. Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Estrogen plays a variety of roles in women’s health, affecting bone, muscle, cardiovascular, metabolic, and connective tissue function. Satellite cells are known to be essential in the regenerative capabilities of skeletal muscle, and current studies suggest that estrogen plays a crucial role in satellite cell proliferation following muscle damage. Estrogen levels fall and rise during the early and late stages of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. PURPOSE: To investigate the role of menstrual cycle phase on satellite cell proliferation in response to muscle damage. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle satellite cell content would increase to a greater …

Differences In Arterial Occlusion Pressure As Measured Using Ultrasound And A Hand-Held Doppler Device, Hannah C. Hart, Chase Blazzard, Nicole Kasper, Ryan Lacey, Daniela Lopez, Shay Richards, Pat R. Vehrs Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In the research lab and clinical settings, expensive ultrasound machines are used to measure arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) prior to the use of blood flow restriction during exercise. Alternatively, inexpensive hand-held Doppler ultrasound devices may be used to measure AOP in various applications and settings. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the superficial femoral artery AOP as measured using ultrasound and a hand-held Doppler device. METHODS: Participants included 20 males and 20 females. An inflatable cuff was placed on the upper thigh. The superficial femoral artery was occluded by inflating the cuff to 50 mmHg then continuously …

How Does Body Composition Predict The Performance Of Rotc Cadets On The Acft, Annika C. Grams, Ruth Larson, Payton Price, Sofia Harman, Sara Thomasson, Kaitlyn Wabakken, Katelynn Brock, Zachary Zeigler, Anthony Acevedo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a newly developed test assessing U.S. Army soldiers' combat readiness. Body composition characteristics vary between soldiers and could affect performance outcomes. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine whether fat-mass and fat-free-mass can predict performance outcomes of the ACFT in ROTC cadets. Methods: ROTC cadets (31 males, 21 females; aged 20.5 ± 2.2 years) completed the 6-event ACFT (3-repetition maximum trap-bar deadlift [MDL], standing power toss [SPT], hand-release pushups [HRPU], sprint-drag-carry shuttle run [SDC], plank [PLK], and 2-mile run [2MR]). The cadets were invited into the laboratory for measurements of anthropometrics …

Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity Of Garmin Vivoactive 3 And Fenix 6 Wrist Watches During Light Circuit Resistance Training, Jocelyn M. Graffius, David Pearce, Brynlie Ellingford, Bryson Carrier, Charli D. Aguilar, Wyatt Fullmer, Wesley Ziegler, Damian Gil, Mike Torence, Dustin W. Davis, Myranda Peck, Nicole R. Vargas, Bianca Weyers, Katherine Carlos, Nathaniel Bodell, Jacob W. Manning, Mark Debeliso Phd, James W. Navalta, Merrill Funk, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Our laboratory recently found wrist-worn wearable technology devices to be valid for measuring average heart rate (HR), but not valid for estimated energy expenditure (EE) compared to criterion devices, during steady state aerobic training (walking, running, biking). However, the validity of wrist-worn devices for HR and EE measures during resistance training is largely unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if two wrist-worn devices, Garmin Vivoactive 3 and Garmin Fenix 6 Pro, record valid measures of average HR and EE while performing circuit resistance training. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; age: 23.2 ± …