Medical Education Commons^™

Resisting Arrest: Analysis Of Different Prone Body Positions On Time To Stand And Engage, Krissy Sanchez, J. Jay Dawes, Mark Stephenson, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

An isolated police officer executing an arrest can be placed in a dangerous situation should the detainee become non-compliant. Further research is needed to ascertain the position that a detainee can be placed in that takes the longest time for them to rise from the ground, as this can influence the officer’s reaction time to a life-threatening situation. PURPOSE: Determine differences between participants' time from four prone positions to a standing athletic position which would then prepare the participant to engage or run from the officer, similar to what could be seen during an interaction between police and detainees. METHODS: …

Continuous Leg Cycling Ergometry Prescribed At Identical Relative Power Output Elicits Different Physiological Responses Versus Arm Cycle Ergometry, Tanner M. Robson, David W. Mcmillan, Todd A. Astorino Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare physiological and perceptual responses to progressive moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) between leg (LCE) and arm cycle ergometry (ACE). METHODS: Seventeen active men and women (age and percent body fat = 26 ± 7 yr and 18 ± 3 %) initially performed graded exercise on each modality to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and peak power output (PPO). Using a randomized crossover design, they subsequently performed 45 min of MICE consisting of three 15 min bouts at 20, 40, and 60 % PPO on each modality. Gas exchange data (VO2, VCO2, …

Does Experimental Anterior Knee Pain Alter Effects Of Running On Femoral Articular Cartilage Thickness And Volume? A Pilot Study, Lauren N. Richardson, Andrew Pope, Sunku Kwon, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anterior knee pain is a common problem for runners that often alters running biomechanics. It is unclear how/if changes in running biomechanics due to anterior knee pain affect knee articular cartilage health. PURPOSE: To determine if experimental anterior knee pain during running acutely alters deformation in femoral articular cartilage due to running. METHODS: 10 runners completed three sessions that each in- volved a 60-min treadmill run: a control, sham, and pain session. Experimental anterior knee pain was in- duced during the pain session via a continuous infusion of hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad. The sham and control sessions …

Differences In Arterial Occlusion Pressure Of The Superficial Femoral Artery Between The Dominant And Non-Dominant Legs, Shay Richards, Chase Blazzard, Hannah Hart, Nicole Kasper, Ryan Lacey, Daniela Lopez, Pat R. Vehrs Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is dependent on limb circumference. Previous research seldom reports the AOP of both limbs. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the superficial femoral artery AOP measured in the dominant and non-dominant legs. METHODS: Ultrasound (GE LOGIQ) was used to detect blood flow through the superficial femoral artery of both legs in a random order in 20 males and 20 females. Circumference of the upper thigh, leg volume, and skinfold thickness were measured in both legs. Blood pressure was continuously monitored using a CNAP device. An inflatable cuff was placed around the upper …

Impact Of Meal Planning On Physical Health And Functional Ability, Alejandra Ramirez, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well known that unhealthy nutritional habits as well as poor dietary choices may increase one’s risk of developing hypertension, overweight/obesity, and inflammation which can lead to comorbidities, diseases states or even death. Planning your meals serves a wide purpose that together with nutrition aids in maintaining a healthy body system. Meal planning has been utilized by the individuals in the exercise world to assist in receiving the valuable nutrients needed to help build and maintain a healthy body. However, the curiosity in understanding whether meal planning may impact the functional status of the individuals who do not consistently …

Impact Of Mask Wearing On Post Exercise Hemodynamics, Payton Price, Zachary Zeigler, Anthony Acevedo, Lucas Heikka, Adarius West, Malia Nowlen, Justin Emelife, Sofia Harman, Ruthie Larson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

As the guidelines regarding COVID-19 regressed, many fitness centers established regulations requiring mask-wearing during exercise. Data suggest that the impact of a mask during exercise has minimal effects on exercise hemodynamics. The post-exercise period has been described as a window of opportunity to lower blood pressure, a phenomenon called post-exercise hypotension. The impact of wearing a mask on post-exercise hemodynamics is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mask-wearing on post-exercise hemodynamics. METHODS: Nine total participants aged 18-30 yr were recruited for this experimental cross-over study. This within-subject design involved six randomized …

Comparing Perceptual Responses Between Different Modalities Of Sprint Interval Training (Sit), Shealin Pierce, Madisen Piva, Todd Astorino Ph.D

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Although the time-efficiency and physiological benefits of SIT are well-documented, it has been criticized for eliciting adverse psychological responses in many adults, which are a potential barrier to long-term exercise adherence. To date, minimal research has studied the influence of exercise modality on perceptual responses to SIT. PURPOSE: To compare perceptual responses between different modalities of SIT in adults. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 11 healthy, non-obese men and women (age= 27±9 year, %BF=16±5%) who are physically active (PA=5±2hr). Participants initially underwent graded exercise testing to determine VO₂max and peak power output (PPO) on the arm (ACE) and leg cycle ergometer …

Effect Of Device Warm-Up Time On Load-Voltage Relationship In S-Type Load Cells, Jherrica Phillips, Marcus Pulido-Ojeda, Mikaela Kirkpatrick, Ashley Landa, Eric Martin, George Beckham, Steven Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Warm up time may have an effect on voltage readings taken from s-type load cells, making prior load- voltage calibration equations inaccurate. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of warm up time on load- voltage relationship in s-type load cells. METHODS: Dead weight calibrations were performed on two load cells using 200kg after 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours of warm up time. A linear model was created to estimate the influence of warm up time on the load-voltage relationship (i.e. voltage = β0 + β1•load + β2•power.source(plug) + β3•time + β4•load • time.) RESULTS: Time did not affect voltage …

Fat-Fit Index On Predicting Cardiovascular Outcomes In College Aged Students, Natalie Pham, Zachary Zeigler, Anthony Acevedo, Payton Price, Ruthie Larson, Annika Grams, Sofia Harman, Sara Thomasson, Isaiah Mews

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Globally, 70% of all deaths annually occur from chronic diseases due to lifestyle risk factors such as obesity and low physical activity. These modifiable factors contribute to the result of chronic cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common measurement used to predict risk obesity. Furthermore, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) is used to measure an individual's cardiorespiratory fitness. Fitness Fat Index (FFI) has been suggested to measure chronic disease risks. FFI represents an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) divided by their waist to height ratio (WHR). Higher FFI is associated with cardiovascular disease and the reduction …

Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Circulating Stlr And Srage Profiles In Normoglycemic And Insulin-Resistant Individuals, Ryan K. Perkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Impaired blood glucose regulation as a consequence of insulin resistance is linked to development of many clinical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, and skeletal muscle wasting via inflammatory processes. Recent evidence suggests circulating solubilized Toll-Like Receptor (sTLR) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (sRAGE) originate from skeletal muscle and are related to glucose management and inflammation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to explore 1) relationships among sTLR and sRAGE profiles and indices of metabolic health and 2) sTLR and sRAGE responses to an acute bout of aerobic exercise (AE) in normoglycemic (NG) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. We hypothesized …

Electromyographic Comparison Between The Rear-Foot-Elevated Vs. B-Stance Unilateral Back Squat Techniques, Sarah Pearce, Jennifer Rivera, Minhyuk Kwon, Whitney Leyva, Edward Jo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Rear-Foot-Elevated back squat (RFE) and B-Stance (BS) are two unilateral back squat techniques with the latter commonly proposed as the more stable of the two. There is currently a lack of research comparing these two techniques with respect to neuromuscular demand and movement characteristics. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activation differences via surface electromyography (EMG) between the RFE vs. BS unilateral back squat techniques with equated load. METHODS: Thirteen healthy college-aged, resistance-trained male (n=10) and female (n=3) subjects were recruited for this study. Subjects visited the laboratory on two occasions separated …

Concurrent Validity And Reliability Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Of Identical Garmin Instinct Watches During Low Intensity Resistance Training, David R. Pearce, Jocelyn M Graffius, Brynlie Ellingford, Bryson Carrier, Charli D. Aguilar, Damian Gil, Mike Torres, Dustin W. Davis, Wesley Zielger, Wyatt Fullmer, Myranda Peck, Nicole R. Vargas, Bianca Weyers, Katherine Carlos, Nathaniel Bodell, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Mark Debeliso Phd, Merrill Funk, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Wearable technology and resistance training are two of the top five worldwide fitness trends for 2022 as determined by ACSM. Many devices, such as Garmin’s Instinct, have functions to track various physiological aspects during resistance training. However, to our knowledge, independent verification of the validity and reliability of these devices for estimating average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) during resistance training are nonexistent. PURPOSE: To determine the concurrent validity and reliability of identical Garmin Instinct watches during resistance training. METHODS: Twenty subjects (n=10 female and male; age: 23.2±7.7 years; height: 169.7±11.1; weight: 76.3±15.7 kg) completed …

Tendon Collagen Fibril Identification Via Phase Contrast Microscopy, Julissa Ortiz-Delatorre, Guillermo Bojorge, Andrew Ichimura, Annette Chan, Ryan T. Scott, Kent A. Lorenz, James R. Bagley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Tendons play a key role in the musculoskeletal system as their main functions are to connect muscles to bones, provide shock absorption, and increase range of motion and the efficiency of locomotion. Due to the tendons’ hierarchical structure, the ability to image subfibrillar units plays a key role in visualizing how changes at the microscopic level affect the macroscopic structure and function. PURPOSE: To provide an accessible method for confirming the separation of tendon tissue to the collagen fibril level. METHODS: Previously frozen (-80°C) 657BL/6J mouse tendons were treated with a chemical and mechanical extraction technique which led …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Quality Of Sleep In College Students, Jaidyn N. Olson, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In addition to the rigors of academic life post pandemic, students are often faced with balancing a healthy mindset, extracurricular activities, family time, and employment, all while pursuing their future professional career. Each of these endeavors takes time and effort on the part of the individual. When stressed with little time to spare, health behaviors in a college student are typically last on the list of priorities and often physical activity and sleep get the least amount of attention. While both sleep and physical activity have been shown to benefit college student success, they are more often than not, forgotten. …

Impact Of Load Carriage On Metabolic Efficiency, Tyson Ngatikaura, Shane Draper, Lily Poulton, Ally Sipple, Tyler Standifird, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Load carriage is a crucial detail of long-distance running, especially when it comes to ultra-marathon distances (>26.2 miles). Longer distances require larger loads to carry fluids and nutrition to maintain performance during these events. Running packs fitted close to the torso are the most popular methods for carrying 1-3 L of fluid, additional food, and gear; however, little is known to what extent load mass may impact running performance. PURPOSE: To identify at which point relative load mass (% of body mass) begins to negatively impact submaximal metabolic efficiency. METHODS: To date, 7 active runners (≥3 days/week, ≥16.09 km/week …

Dietary Magnesium Intake On Heart Rate And Time-To-Fatigue During Hiit Exercise: A Pilot Study, Brian Neff, Jared Moore, George Salem Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In high intensity interval training (HIIT), bouts of intense work are alternated with less intense periods. HIIT provides an effective stimulus to increase the volume of exercise at or above 90% heart rate maximum (HR_max). Magnesium (Mg) modulates energy metabolism and enzymatic processes. Studies suggest that Mg assists oxidative transport, improves glucose availability, delays lactate accumulation, and reduces inflammation. A gap exists in understanding how Mg affects HIIT. Moreover, the influence of a Vegan (VD) vs Omnivore (OD) diet on HIIT performance outcomes (e.g., heart rate [HR] and time-to-fatigue [TTF]), has yet to be investigated. PURPOSE: This …

The Effect Of Sleep Quality On Profile Of Mood, Physiological Responses, And Athletic Performance, Sarah Nash, Matthew Fowler, Bulent Sokmen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While the extent of an athlete’s physiological adaptations varies due to a range of external factors, sleep deprivation has been proven to negatively affect one’s training and, ultimately, one’s overall athletic success. Sleep deprivation, either for a short or prolonged period of time, also leads to adverse psychological effects, as measured by the alteration of genes in the brain. PURPOSE: This study investigates how both normal sleep and sleep deprivation affect an athlete’s recovery, overall skeletal muscle performance, and mental state. METHODS: Using a randomized-crossover design, 7 healthy individuals, 3 males and 4 females, with at least 1 …

Can Cerebral Hemodynamics Explain The Changes In Cognition Associated With Wearing A Facemask During Exercise?, Axel Munoz, Stefan Keslacy, Viviana Garcia, Ceren Acik

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of facemasks while exercising raises concerns about oxygen supply. Recent studies have found a decrease in exercise performance. An increased HR, RPE, and laborious breathing were reported when exercising with a mask. However, there is a knowledge gap on exercising with a mask on brain function. PURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of wearing a KN95 mask on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive function. METHODS: 4 subjects participated in this preliminary study. They visited the lab twice and we randomized wearing a mask. Subjects completed a computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, Psychtoolkit.org) before, during, and 2’ after an …

Are Race And Ethnicity Associated With How Hard The Heart Works During Submaximal Exercise? An Nhanes Study, Kiese Mpongo, Jayson Gifford

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies have indicated racial/ethnic differences in the vasodilator and blood pressure responses to exercise, but the extent to which race/ethnicity impacts how hard the heart works (i.e., rate pressure product, RPP) during a given submaximal exercise is unknown. PURPOSE: Determine the impact of race/ethnicity on the work of the heart (i.e., RPP) during submaximal exercise. METHODS: Exercise data from the 2003-2004 NHANES cohort were examined. Specifically, 189 Black Americans (51% female), 181 Mexican Americans (53% female) and 370 (56% female) White Americans completed two, 3-minutes stages of submaximal treadmill exercise. Blood pressure, heart rate and …

Distinguishing Increased Adiposity And/Or Aerobic Deconditioning As Moderators Of Low Vo2peak In Obese Men, Jeff M. Moore, Carrie Ferguson, Molly M. Baldwin, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Christina Wang, Wei Yan, Harry B. Rossiter Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O_2peak) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a strong predictor of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. V̇O_2peak in obese individuals is typically below the lower limit of normal (2 transport and utilization, i.e. aerobic deconditioning; or both. We hypothesized a modified CPET, to measure the fraction of maximum isokinetic power that can be supported by aerobic metabolism, will distinguish between adiposity and deconditioning effects on V̇O_2peak. PURPOSE: To compare V̇O_2peak and isokinetic neuromuscular performance in obese vs non-obese men. METHODS: A modified CPET with maximal (3 s) isokinetic cycling …