Therapeutics Commons^™

Nanobodies In The Fight Against Infectious Diseases: Repurposing Nature's Tiny Weapons, Dina Mohamed Moustafa, Soha S. Rizk, Shahira A. Elbanna, Hanzada Tawfik Nour El-Din, Ahmed Sherif Attia

Dentistry

Nanobodies are the smallest known antigen-binding molecules to date. Their small size, good tissue penetration, high stability and solubility, ease of expression, refolding ability, and negligible immunogenicity in the human body have granted them excellence over conventional antibodies. Those exceptional attributes of nanobodies make them promising candidates for various applications in biotechnology, medicine, protein engineering, structural biology, food, and agriculture. This review presents an overview of their structure, development methods, advantages, possible challenges, and applications with special emphasis on infectious diseases-related ones. A showcase of how nanobodies can be harnessed for applications including neutralization of viruses and combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria …

Analysis Of Research And Development Trends Of New Drugs, Ping Xu, Li Xu, Ruo-Nan Yang, Wei Li, Kaixian Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important component in the pharmaceutical innovation, research and development (R&D) of new drugs stands at the forefront of a new round of life science and technology revolution and bioeconomic reform, which is of strategic significance to leading scientific and technological innovation, driving economic development, and improving people’s health and well-being. At present, continuous innovation in cutting-edge technologies, cross-domain integration of disciplines, and digital depth enablement drive active innovation in the field of new drug R&D. Both domestically and internationally, innovative small molecule drugs, antibody drugs, immune cell therapy, gene therapy and nucleic acid drugs are receiving intensive market …

Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Reduces Amyloid-Β42-Induced Gene Expression In Human Monocyte-Derived Microglia, Ying Wang, Xiang Zhang, Henrik Biverstål, Nicolas G. Bazan, Shuai Tan, Nailin Li, Makiko Ohshima, Marianne Schultzberg, Xiaofei Li

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00031/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte-derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42-induced Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation. Analysis of …

Postoperative Opioid Usage And Disposal Strategies After Arthroscopic Procedures In A Young Cohort: A Prospective Observational Study, William Johns, Emma Johnson, Joseph Brutico, Matthew Sherman, Kevin Freedman, William Emper, John Salvo, Sommer Hammoud

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have noted that patients are routinely overprescribed opioids, few have reported usage after arthroscopic surgery.

PURPOSE: To determine opioid consumption and allocation for unused opioids after common arthroscopic surgeries.

STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Patients between the ages of 15 and 40 years who were scheduled to undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), labral repair of the hip or shoulder, meniscectomy, or meniscal repair were prospectively enrolled. Patients were prescribed either 5 mg hydrocodone-325 mg acetaminophen or 5 mg oxycodone-325 mg acetaminophen based on surgeon preference. Patients completed a daily opioid usage …

Emotion Regulation Strategies And Perceived Emotional Intelligence: The Effect Of Age., Iwanna Sepiadou

Adultspan Journal

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence and the reported use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. We also investigated the possible effects of age on the aforementioned variables. The total sample consisted of 379 people (158 men, 220 women, 1 unreported). Across participants, 273 were young (20-39 years old) and 106 were middle-aged (40-65 years old). We found statistically significant positive correlations between the dimensions of perceived emotional intelligence and the reported use of cognitive reappraisal and negative primarily correlations between the dimensions of perceived emotional intelligence and the reported use of …

Novel Spirocyclic Dimer (Spid3) Displays Potent Preclinical Effects In Hematological Malignancies, Alexandria Eiken

Theses & Dissertations

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of mature CD5⁺ B-cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid tissues (e.g., spleen and lymph nodes).Despite the efficacy of front-line therapies, CLL is still an incurable disease, highlighting the need for development of novel therapeutics and further study of resistance mechanisms. Within the lymph node CLL tumor microenvironment (TME), there is an upregulation of gene signatures associated with B-cell receptor (BCR) and downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling compared to CLL cells found within the blood or bone marrow niches. Additionally, BCR signaling …

Healing Horses: An Occupational Therapy Approach In An Equine Environment, Ashlyn Renee Yoder

Occupational Therapy Capstone Presentations

Aim: This project focused on the development of advanced clinical skills of OT-based hippotherapy in a pediatric setting and program development of the Genesis Therapeutic Riding Center. Information was gathered from primary and secondary sources to promote student skill acquisition, client goal progress, and parent-caregiver education of at-home interventions.

Objective: Goals focused on gaining knowledge and competencies of OT-based hippotherapy, key clinical information, and interdisciplinary roles. The purpose of this project was to highlight the impact of staff responsibilities and OT-based hippotherapy on physical and cognitive deficits.

Method: OT hippotherapy session observation and facilitation, extensive literature review, and multidisciplinary interviews …

Clinical Outcomes For Va-Ecmo Patients Associated With Hyperlipidemia: An Analysis Of The National Inpatient Sample, Dakota B. Pastore, Tony Elias, Rafail Beshai, Kyrillos Girgis, Maziyar Daneshvar, Keith Anacker

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is considered the most advanced temporary life support which provides complete hemodynamic support in addition to gas exchange. There is limited data available on the impact of hyperlipidemia (HLD) on VA-ECMO patients. We sought to examine the national inpatient sample (NIS) database to describe in-hospital outcomes among these patients.

Methods: The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult VA-ECMO patients with and without a concomitant diagnosis of HLD for the years 2019 and 2020. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality.

Results:This study included 3,885 VA-ECMO patients, of which 1,082 (27.8%) patients had HLD. …

Outcomes Of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (Tevar) Procedure In Octogenarians, Nonagenarians And Centenarians: A Population-Based Study, Dakota B. Pastore, Tony Elias, Rafail Beshai, Kyrillos Girgis, Maziyar Daneshvar, Keith Anacker

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Limited data exists for patients undergoing a thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure who are older than or equal to 80 years old (YO). This study sought to examine the national inpatient sample (NIS) database to describe in-hospital outcomes among these older patients.

Methods: The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adults who underwent a TEVAR procedure in 2019 and 2020. The study compared those aged 80 YO and over to those younger than 80 YO. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (TOTHCG).

Results: This study included …

Sex Differences In Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (Tevar) Procedure: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Dakota B. Pastore, Tony Elias, Rafail Beshai, Kyrillos Girgis, Maziyar Daneshvar, Keith Anacker

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: There is limited data about sex differences in patients undergoing a thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure. This study sought to examine the national inpatient sample (NIS) database to describe in-hospital outcomes by gender.

Methods: The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients who underwent TEVAR in 2019 and 2020. For this cohort, female patients were identified, and pregnant patients were excluded. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (TOTHCG).

Results: This study included 696 patients who underwent TEVAR. 255 (36.6%) females were identified, of which, 7 …

A Literature Review Of Pain Control In Osteoarthritis Patients Using Blood Flow Restriction Training, John Gericke, Dakota Pastore, Tyler Pigott

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that mainly affects articular cartilage of joints. OA most commonly affects the knees and causes pain and reduces quality of life in older adults. Blood flow restriction (BFR) occludes arterial and venous flow during exercise using a blood pressure cuff placed on the proximal lower limb. This creates an intramuscular hypoxic environment which promotes muscle hypertrophy. High load training can cause pain and inflammation in knee OA patients due to increased stress. BFR can allow patients with knee OA to use lower loads to achieve beneficial effects of rehabilitation.

Methods: Data was ascertained …

Resection And Reconstruction Of Ewing Sarcoma Of The Cuboid Utilizing Vascularized Fibular Autograft: A Case Report, Brandon Cunha, Alexandre Arkader

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) rarely presents in the bones of the foot, and particularly in the cuboid, making it an exceedingly rare occurrence. We present the case of a 7-year-old female diagnosed with EWS of the right cuboid, detailing the management and outcomes of this rare presentation. The patient, now almost 5 years post-initial local control, exhibits restored foot function, a normalized gait, and no evidence of disease recurrence. This case underscores the potential for preserving lower extremity function and improving postoperative quality of life in rare presentations of EWS through innovative reconstruction strategies.

Can Nutritional Supplements Benefit Patients Receiving Treatment For Neurodegenerative Disorders?, Russell Levi, Saad Ahmed, Zachary Harris

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

As the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders rises globally, developing new methodologies of prevention and treatment is crucial. This literature review examines the efficacy of adding nutritional supplements, specifically nootropics, with traditional pharmacological regimens on various neurocognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. Primary, peer-reviewed research, including both human and animal studies, was assesed to determine if there was a benefifical, minimal, or detrimental effect on symptom progression. The inclusion criteria focused on studies that evaluated the reduction in disease markers or symptoms following supplement use. The findings reveal that natural supplements generally support disease management. Significant improvements were noted with specific combinations like …

Case Report: Hidden Posterior Dislocation Of The Clavicular Head, David F. Koziel

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Reported is a case of a 24-year-old male who presented with left shoulder pain and decreased range of motion of the same shoulder upon awakening, diagnosed with a posterior dislocation of the proximal clavicle, with the clavicular head residing in the mediastinum. In the conscious, ambulatory, young adult it is arguably much more common for major bony trauma involving the upper extremity and shoulder to present with pain, deformity, and a known mechanism. This is an example that lacks all three of these characteristics and highlights the importance of details in the physical examination as well as clinical gestalt.

Unmasking A Silent Threat: Early Detection Of Elevated Hbco Levels When The Story Doesn’T Add Up, Anna M. Delancy, Eric Maddock, James A. Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Carbon monoxide (CO) is difficult to detect in the surrounding environment due to its colorless, odorless, and tasteless properties. Patients acutely poisoned with CO can have a myriad of presentations including headache, dizziness, and critical illness— all with a mortality rate up to 3%. When concerned for CO poisoning, blood co-oximeter testing should be performed, with treatment surrounding the idea of providing supplemental oxygen The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment remains unclear. Here we describe an atypical scenario of a patient ultimately found to have CO poisoning, and the importance of early identification and treatment of this elusive diagnosis …

Clinical Outcomes For Cardiac Ablation In Octogenarians, Nonagenarians, And Centenarians: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Tony Elias, Mena Elmalh, Kyrillos Girgis, Michael Valderrama, Rafail Beshai

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background

Cardiac ablation is a therapeutic intervention aimed at correcting abnormal heart rhythms by disrupting electrical pathways in the heart, using techniques such as radiofrequency or cryoablation. Despite its effectiveness, there is a scarcity of data regarding the outcomes of cardiac ablation specifically among elderly patients. Previous studies have highlighted the complexities and challenges associated with managing cardiac arrhythmias in the elderly population, emphasizing the need for further investigation into treatment outcomes in this demographic.1,2 Therefore, this study aimed to investigate in-hospital outcomes among elderly patients who underwent cardiac ablation using data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database.

Methods …

Sex Differences In Outcomes Among Patients Who Underwent Cardiac Ablation: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Tony Elias, Mena Elmalh, Kyrillos Girgis, Taha Syed, Rafail Beshai

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background Cardiac ablation, encompassing radiofrequency and cryoablation modalities, is a therapeutic intervention targeting abnormal heart rhythms by disrupting electrical pathways within the heart. Despite its widespread use, research focusing on sex-specific outcomes among patients undergoing cardiac ablation remains limited. Understanding potential sex differences in treatment response and outcomes is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes.1,2 Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze the national inpatient sample database to assess in-hospital outcomes among patients undergoing cardiac ablation, specifically focusing on sex disparities.

Methods Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database for the years 2019 and 2020 were utilized …

National Inpatient Sample Analysis: Examining Clinical Outcomes In Cardiac Ablation Patients With Hyperlipidemia, Tony Elias, Mena Elmalh, Kyrillos Girgis, Taha Syed, Rafail Beshai

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background Cardiac ablation, utilizing radiofrequency or cryoablation, is a therapeutic approach for correcting abnormal heart rhythms by disrupting specific electrical pathways within the heart. Despite the growing utilization of cardiac ablation, limited research exists on the impact of hyperlipidemia, a prevalent cardiovascular risk factor, on outcomes in patients undergoing this procedure. Previous studies underscore the importance of understanding how comorbid conditions, such as hyperlipidemia, influence the efficacy and safety of cardiac ablation.1,2 Consequently, this study aimed to leverage the national inpatient sample database to investigate in-hospital outcomes among cardiac ablation patients with hyperlipidemia.

Methods Data from the National Inpatient Sample …

Use Of Point-Of-Care Ultrasound In The Diagnosis Of Postpartum Cardiomyopathy, Muhammad Noman, Frank A. Wheeler, James A. Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), also known as peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare form of heart failure (HF) that occurs in the late stages of pregnancy or in the early postpartum period. For it to be classified as PPCM, it must occur in the absence of another identifiable cause for HF and have left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction with an LV ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 45%. Here we present the case of a 46-year-old female G3P2 presented 5 days postpartum cesarean section delivery in acute respiratory distress where point of care ultrasound was used for assessment of the lungs to visualize …

Case Report: Diverticulitis Involving A Meckel’S Diverticulum, Samuel M. Thalathoti, Russell A. Mordecai

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

We report a case of a 65-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with diverticulitis involving a Meckel‘s Diverticulum. The differential diagnosis of abdominal pain is vast, in this age group includes, but is not limited to appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, and small bowel obstruction. In the absence of complicated features, conservative management with oral antibiotics and close outpatient follow is advised. However, in the case of complicated diverticulitis and a rare manifestation such as a Meckel’s Diverticulum, careful management is indicated.