Toxicology Commons^™

Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Activation Attenuates Sulfur Mustard Analog 2-Chloroethyl-Ethyl-Sulfide-Induced Acute Lung Injury In Mice, Gregory Nicholson, Nicholas Richards, Janette Lockett, My Boi Ly, Raj V. Nair, Woong-Ki Kim, K. Yaragudri Vinod, Nagaraja Nagre

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Exposure to sulfur mustard (SM; 2,2′-dichlorodiethyl sulfide) causes toxicity in the human body, particularly the lungs. The molecular mechanisms of SM-induced lung damage are elusive, and no effective treatments exist. This study explores the anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) activation in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a structural analog of SM. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CEES via intratracheal administration to model ALI. CB2R activation was achieved through the intraperitoneal administration of HU308, a selective synthetic agonist. ALI and inflammation were evaluated at 48 h post-exposure to CEES. …

Developing A Simplified Method Of Measuring Ultrafine Particulate Matter Dose Concentrations For Diesel Emissions, Nafisat Ohunene Isa

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Abstract

Developing a Simplified Method of Measuring Ultrafine Particulate Matter Dose

Concentrations for Diesel Emissions

Ultra-fine particulate matter (UFP), particularly from diesel emissions, poses significant health and environmental risks due to its small size and potential to penetrate deep into the respiratory system. Accurate measurement of UFP concentrations is essential for assessing exposure and mitigating health impacts. However, current methods for measuring UFP can be complex, time-consuming, and costly. This study aims to develop a simplified method for efficiently measuring UFP concentrations from diesel emissions, which will enable easier and more widespread monitoring of air quality and public health impacts. …

An Investigation Into The Effects Of Preservatives On Ss-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations Measured By Commercial Ketone Meter And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Kerry F. Murr

All ETDs from UAB

Ketoacidosis occurs when fatty acids are metabolized into ketone bodies in the liver and released into the bloodstream. This condition, which can be fatal, is commonly observed in diabetics, alcoholics, and individuals who experienced starvation or hypothermia. Although the ketone ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is an accepted biomarker of ketoacidosis, the effects of preservatives on BHB concentrations in postmortem blood are unaddressed. The first aim of this research was to determine whether preservatives affect ketone levels as measured by a point-of-care device. Paired preserved and unpreserved blood samples were obtained from the Jefferson County morgue: preserved samples in grey top tubes and …

Detection Of Tetrahydrozoline In Alcoholic Beverage Residue Related To Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Using Gc-Ms, Alyssa Simone Hampton

All ETDs from UAB

Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is an ongoing issue that remains significant in the United States and the World. DFSA can be either proactive or opportunistic, where a victim becomes impaired and is unable to provide consent. Common drugs found in DFSA cases are ethanol and cannabis. However, alternative drugs are increasingly being used to incapacitate a victim and enable a sexual assault. These include tetrahydrozoline (THZ), commonly found in over-the-counter eye drops, such as Visine®. Minimal research surrounds THZ, in which agencies may process case samples with a general drug screen, which may only detect common drugs, while THZ goes …

Treatment Of Myocardial Infiltration Of Hodgkins Lymphoma: A Catch-22, Jennifer Priessnitz, Erin Biringen, Fadi Khoury, Christina Bergin

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Cardiac sequelae in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) can manifest as involvement of the heart and pericardium. Direct cardiac involvement is rare, and myocardial infiltration is distinctly unusual.¹ When it does occur, it is often a late manifestation of lymphoma, with a median onset of 20 months after initial diagnosis, and it is usually associated with advanced-stage disease.²

Case: A 34-year-old male was diagnosed with classic HL by lymph node biopsy. During his hospitalization, the patient remained in sinus tachycardia with heart rate up to 150 with no dysrhythmias. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a reduced ejection fraction (EF) of 36% concerning …

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers_2024

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Alanine Supplementation Enhancing Cordycepin Production In Cordyceps Militaris Via Upregulation Of Cns2 And Cns3 Genes Expression Levels, Wenbin Yu, Zeying Zhao, Bin Zeng, Yayi Tu, Bin He

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cordycepin, a key bioactive compound produced by Cordyceps militaris, faces the challenge of low productivity forcommercial use. In this study, alanine supplementation in Cordyceps militaris boosted cordycepin production, peakingat 3 mg/g with 12 g/L concentration. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1711 differentially expressed genes, Pathwayanalysis indicates that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was the most affected pathway. In addition, thetranscriptome showed that adenylosuccinate lyase is essential for the synthesis of cordycepin. The modulation of fourgenes (Cns1-4) points to a regulatory mechanism that could increase cordycepin biosynthesis, offering a strategy to overcome low productivity for commercial applications.

Cinnamic Acid Lowers Blood Pressure And Reversesvascular Endothelial Dysfunction In Rats, Abdul Jabbar Shah, Hafiz Misbah-Ud-Din Qamar, Umme Salma, Taous Khan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cinnamic acid (CA) possesses important cardiovascular effects such as cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant, which predicts its potential role in the treatment of hypertension. The study wasexecuted to investigate the antihypertensive potential of CA in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats followed by evaluation indiverse vascular preparations. Invasive blood pressure monitoring technique was used in normotensive and hyper-tensive rats, under anesthesia. Isolated aortic rings from rat and rabbit, Langendorrf's perfused isolated rabbit heart and guinea-pig right atria were used to probe the underlying mechanisms. The responses were recorded with pressure andforce transducers connected to PowerLab Data Acquisition System. Intravenous administration of CA …

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Pembrolizumab With Chemotherapy For Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Taiwan, Wei-Ling Lee, Wan-Hsuan Chou, Wei-Pin Chang, Tsung-Wei Chang, Chun-Nan Kuo, Wei-Chiao Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (pembrolizumabcombination therapy) and compare it with standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy (chemotherapy alone) as a first-line treatment for metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC from the perspective of Taiwan's third-party-payer public health-care system. We used a partitioned survival model with an estimated time horizon of 10 years. The partitionedsurvival model uses KaplaneMeier estimates of progression-free and overall survival from the KEYNOTE-189 clinicaltrial. The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) values were based on utility values by progression status calculated from theKEYNOTE-189 trial. This study examined costs related to treatment regimens, disease management, second-line therapy,end-of-life care, and …

Fluorescent “On–Off–On” Sensor Based On N, P Co-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles For Specific Detection Of Fe3+ And Ascorbic Acid, Li Li, Ming Zhang, Xiang Liu, Shaoqing Zhu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ascorbic acid (AA) is used as a food additive for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, excessive intake of AA is harmful to humans. Therefore, the detection of Fe³⁺ and AA is generally recognized to be meaningful. In this work, a one-step hydrothermal tactics is developed for the preparing nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanoparticles (N, P-CNPs) by using sucrose and ammonium orthophosphate as raw materials. The N, P-CNPs not only exhibited an enhanced fluorescent efficiency with a relatively high quantum yield up to 28%, but also showed satisfactory stability, water solubility and photostability. The fluorescence of N, P-CNPs …

Aromatic Compounds And Organic Acids Identified From Ganoderma Formosanum Exhibit Synergistic Anti-Melanogenic Effects, Chen-Che Hsieh, Chih-Yao Hou, Hsiao-Yun Lei, Darin Khumsupan, Huey-Jine Chai, Pek-Kui Lim, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Sz-Jie Wu, Kai-Wen Cheng, Yi-Chen Chen, Kuan-Chen Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study reveals the anti-tyrosinase activity of Ganoderma formosanum extracts, pinpointing compounds including gluconic acid, mesalamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, esculetin, 5-hydroxyindole, and salicylic acid, as effective melanin production inhibitors in melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, multiple molecular docking simulations provided insights into interactions between the identified compounds and tyrosinase, increasing binding affinity up to -16.36 kcal/mol. The enhanced binding of identified compounds to tyrosinase facilitated synergistic inhibitory effects on melanin production. This study highlights the potential of GFE-EA as a source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors and contributes to understanding the role of active compounds extracted from G. formosanum.

Bio-Inspired Chitosan/Polydopamine-Nanoparticle Based Sorbent Bead: A Versatile Platform For Separation And Hplc Analysis Of Tetracycline Antibiotics From Various Sample Matrix, Emmanuvel Arputharaj, Yu-Hui Huang, Shivangi Singh, Chen-Han Zhuang, Kuei-Ying Lin, Sri Sudewi, You-Rong Wu, Yeou-Lih Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study introduces an innovative bio-based sorbent bead crafted by integrating chitosan (CS) biopolymers, Fe(NO₃)₃ and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) via glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The primary focus of this study was the concurrent separation of diverse tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), followed by rigorous reversed-phase liquid chromatography analysis. The fabricated CS/Fe@PDA sorbent beads were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, revealing a surface rich in active carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) moieties. The proposed method demonstrated substantial analytical robustness, enabling the sorbent bead to detect low concentrations of TCs, with limit of detection values …

Bitter Acids From Humulus Lupulus L. Alleviate D-Galactose Induced Osteoblastic Senescence And Bone Loss Via Regulating Akt/Mtor-Mediated Autophagy, Tian-Shuang Xia, Sheng-Yan Xu, Li-Yong Lai, Yi-Ping Jiang, Na-Ni Wang, Hai-Liang Xin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Bitter acids (BA) are main component of Humulus lupulus L. (hops). They are known for beer brewing and have various biological and pharmacological properties, especially the bone-protective effect confirmed by our previous in vivo study. Here we aimed to elucidate the anti-senior osteoporosis (SOP) effect of BA on osteoblasts and explore its underlying mechanism. In vitro SOP model was established by D-galactose (D-gal) injured osteoblasts, and the bone formation markers and apoptosis level were measured. mCherry-EGFP-LC3 adenovirus infection and autophagic markers including beclin1 and LC3 proteins were detected to investigate the autophagy level in osteoblasts. To further verify whether BA …

Development And Industrial Application Of Geographical Origin Identification For Taiwanese Oolong Tea, Tien-Lin Liu, Jia-Ru Dai, Tsung-Chen Su, Chun-Huo Chiu, Hsien-Tsung Tsai, Chui-Feng Chiu, Jin-Chih Lin, Chih-Yi Hu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Taiwanese oolong tea is renowned for its excellent quality and enjoys a prestigious reputation both domestically and internationally. In recent years, there has been an issue with imported Taiwanese-style oolong tea being sold as genuine Taiwanese oolong tea, which has adversely affected the brand value of Taiwanese oolong tea. In this study, samples of domestic oolong tea (Taiwanese oolong tea) and Taiwanese-style oolong tea produced abroad (including China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, etc.) were collected. A multi-elements analysis method was applied to establish an elemental database of tea leaf samples. Subsequently, various widely used classification methods were employed to develop a …

The Effects Of Fermentation By Different Species Oflactic Acid Bacteria On Betalains And Polyphenol Profile And In Vitro Bioactive Potential Of Red Beetroot Juice, Tomasz Sawicki, Monika Jabłońska, Małgorzata Starowicz, Lucyna Kłębukowska, Wioletta Błaszczak

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the current study, the effects of fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus, Levilactobacillus brevis or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (La/Lb/Lp, 1-2.5%) and incubation (30/37℃, C1/C2) of red beetroot juice on the profile of betalains and polyphenols (UHPLC-DAD-MS), and antioxidant capacity using photochemiluminescence (PCL) and spectrophotometric assays (DPPH/ABTS) was investigated. Additionally, anti-glycaemic (anti-AGEs) and anti-cholinergic (anti-AChE) potential in vitro was analysed. Fermentation distinctly initiated isobetanin and neobetaninformation and enhanced flavonoid concentration, emphasising rutin, kaempferol and (+)-catechin. The fermented juices inhibited protein glycation in the BSA-GLU model and showed high DPPH and ABTS values. LP2.5% juice was the only one indicating anti-AChE potential.

Determination And Validation Of Polycyclic Aromatichydrocarbons (Pah4) In Katsuobushi, Plant-Basedfood Supplements, And Cocoa Bean Shells Using Gc-Ms/Ms, Chia-Hsin Liu, Yu-Ning Shin, Ya-Chun Chou, Guan-Jhih Peng, Ying-Ru Shen, Nu-Ching Lin, Shu-Han Chang, Ya-Min Kao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are primarily generated through the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis oforganic materials in various industrial processes. Foods may become contaminated with environmental PAHs found inair, soil, or water, or through industrial food processing methods such as smoking, roasting, drying, and grilling. The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan has established maximum levels for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and indicativevalues for BaP as well as PAH4 (the sum of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) infoods as operational guidelines. The current study developed an analytical method for simultaneous determination of PAH4 levels in katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes), cocoa bean shells, …

A Novel Selective Medium For Isolation Of Limosilactobacillus Reuteri From Dietary Supplements, Yu-Ting Wang, Jyue-Wei Chuang, Ming-Sian Wu, Min-Cheng Wang, Yu-Cheng Yang, Jun-Jie Yang, Shih-Ting Chiou, Chun-Hsien Li, Che-Yang Lin, Shou-Chieh Huang, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a probiotic bacterium known for its numerous beneficial effects on human health and is commonly utilized in various dietary supplements. Previously, we encountered difficulties in isolating L. reuteri from retail dietary supplements containing complex probiotic compositions by using non-selective media such as de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. Our findings reveal that MRS agar using D-gluconic acid as the carbon source and peptone from soymeal as the nitrogen source provid a growth advantage for L. reuteri. Furthermore, all the tested L. reuteri strains exhibit higher resistance to oxacillin compared to non-L. reuteri strains and …

Herbal Nanoemulsions In Cosmetic Science: A Comprehensive Review Of Design, Preparation, Formulation, And Characterization, Benni Iskandar, Ta-Wei Liu, Hui-Ching Mei, I-Chih Kuo, Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo, Hsiu-Mei Lin, Ching-Kuo Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The rapid development of delivery systems for cosmetics has revealed two critical challenges in the field: enhancing the solubility of active ingredients and ensuring the stability of natural materials used in cosmetics. Nanoemulsion technology has emerged as an indispensable solution for addressing these challenges, not only enhancing the stability of cosmetics but also improving the solubility of pharmaceuticals and active ingredients with poor solubility. Nanoemulsion formulations have reinforced stability and amended the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. Moreover, nanoemulsion exhibit excellent skin penetration and long-lasting effects, making them particularly appealing to consumers, especially in the cosmetic industry. This article aims to …

Therapeutic Approach Of Carbon Nanotube: Revolutionize Nanomaterial In Biomedical And Pharmaceutical Sector, Shovan Ghosh, Vivek Dave, Pranay Wal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with a wide range of potential applications due to their unique structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, numerous obstacles must be overcome for CNTs to be used successfully, including low solubility, aggregation, and a lack of specialized functions. Diverse techniques have been developed for the manufacture, purification, and functionalization of CNTs in order to overcome these issues. The main aim of this review article is to provide brief knowledge about CNTs and strategies to use this revolutionized nanomaterial in drug delivery. Prepare CNTs cannot be directly used as drug carrier …

Updates On The Conversion Of Nanosuspensions To Solid Oral Dosage Forms, Anastasia Tsiaxerli, Elisavet Vardaka, Christos Moutroupidis, Kevin M.G. Taylor, Kyriakos Kachrimanis, Maria Malamatari

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions, also called nanocrystals, are heterogeneous mainly aqueous dispersions of insoluble drug particles stabilised by surfactants and/or polymers. Nanosuspensions as liquid formulations suffer from instability. Solidification of nanosuspensions to solid dosage forms is a way to combine the advantages of nanocrystals with the advantages of the solid state. In this review, advances regarding stabilisation and production of nanosuspensions are briefly covered. Updates on the methods used to convert nanosuspensions to solid oral dosage forms (e.g., powder, granules, pellets, tablets, and films) are presented in depth. From these methods, spray drying and freeze drying are widely used. Granulation and hot-melt …