Strategies To Address The Growing Impact Of The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis,
2025
Touro College and University System
Strategies To Address The Growing Impact Of The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis, Rina Balter
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
As time progresses, more bacterial strains are becoming resistant to the antibiotics developed to treat them. Impeding such intractable infections should be a major clinical priority, as previously treatable diseases have begun to incur a fatality rate that will escalate catastrophically unless it is halted. This research paper explores relevant information regarding the advances in developing alternative strategies to antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, within the context of clinical application. Recognizing the profound impact antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will have on patient health enables the implementation of proactive measures to curb the expanding prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. This …
Retinal Vision Restoration,
2025
Touro College and University System
Retinal Vision Restoration, Aharon S. Galandauer
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide due to the retina’s inability to regenerate specialized cells after injury or stress. This study examines the potential for retinal regeneration by assessing current research on Müller glial cell differentiation and stem cell-based treatments. An analysis of experimental studies and therapeutic advancements highlights the mechanisms observed in regenerative models such as zebrafish and chicks, in contrast to the reactive gliosis and glial scarring observed in humans. Findings suggest that therapies such as optogenetics and stem cell transplantation have partially restored vision; however, their limitations stem from an inability to fully …
Is Placenta Stem Cell Banking Worthwhile?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Is Placenta Stem Cell Banking Worthwhile?, Chaya Nathan
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Regenerative medicine has gained significant traction due to its potential to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs, with stem cell therapies emerging as a promising avenue for treating various diseases. While bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) are commonly used in clinical settings, their limitations, such as the invasive extraction procedure and limited proliferation capacity, underscore the need for alternative stem cell sources. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) represent a promising solution, offering advantages such as greater proliferative capacity, faster expansion rates, and reduced risk of immune rejection compared to adult stem cells. The placenta is a rich source of MSCs, …
Can Organs Be Generated From A Patient’S Own Stem Cells?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Can Organs Be Generated From A Patient’S Own Stem Cells?, David Heimowitz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The global shortage of transplantable organs represents a critical medical challenge, with current organ donation systems meeting less than 10% of the worldwide need. This situation has spurred intensive research into regenerative medicine, particularly focusing on the potential of generating organs from a patient’s own stem cells. This review examines the current state of stem cell research and its applications in organ generation, analyzing both the progress made and the challenges that remain. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent literature and clinical trials, the study explores the fundamental principles of stem cell biology, current therapeutic applications, and the role of …
Limb Regeneration In Amphibians & Mammals,
2025
Touro College and University System
Limb Regeneration In Amphibians & Mammals, Jacob Mamrout
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This thesis will give an in-depth analysis into the mechanisms of regeneration that amphibians use and how the blastema forms. It will also discuss genes and proteins that play a role including the P53 gene, Transforming Growth Factor Beta, CD59, and others. Regenerative potential of mammals will be discussed using the information found. Findings include that mammals may have regeneration potential because of the ability we have to deactivate certain genes to allow cells to dedifferentiate.
The Bidirectional Gut-Brain Axis: Impact Of Dysbiosis On Depression Through The Hpa Axis,
2025
Touro College and University System
The Bidirectional Gut-Brain Axis: Impact Of Dysbiosis On Depression Through The Hpa Axis, Matan Shiller
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Emerging research suggests that depression is not solely a brain disorder but is deeply influenced by the gut microbiome. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system linking the gastrointestinal system and the brain, modulating mood, behavior, and mental health. Gut microbiota produce metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan catabolites, that influence neurotransmission and the stress response via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, disrupts these pathways, contributing to a major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence from germ-free animal studies and fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) highlights the role of gut microbiota in emotional regulation and …
Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis And Its Contribution To Carcinogenesis,
2025
Touro College and University System
Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis And Its Contribution To Carcinogenesis, Daphne Grabie
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, plays a pivotal role in maintaining health through digestion, immune regulation, and homeostasis. Emerging evidence links gut microbiome dysbiosis—a disruption in its composition and function—to the development and progression of various cancers, particularly within the GI tract. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between the gut microbiome and carcinogenesis, highlighting key microbial mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, production of carcinogenic metabolites, and immune modulation. Specific pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori are implicated in colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers, respectively, through pathways that promote …
Battling Infertility,
2025
Touro College and University System
Battling Infertility, Shirah Abrahams
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Infertility is a complex condition that affects men and women equally and is defined by failure to achieve pregnancy after a year of trying to conceive. This paper addresses both environmental contributions to infertility, such as the effects of smoking, poor nutrition, and exposure to radiation, as well as biological contributors. Biological factors that contribute to infertility include sperm DNA fragmentation, chromosomal mutations, anovulatory dysfunction, and tubule blockages. This paper delves into various treatment options to improve fertility in both males and females, including medications, lifestyle adaptations, and surgeries. These treatment options can restore and improve ovulatory function, sperm motility …
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Signs, Symptoms, And Intervention,
2025
Touro College and University System
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Signs, Symptoms, And Intervention, Shoshana Levin
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a specific type of brain injury, often referred to as a concussion. Relying on existing research, this paper will collect the data that is available on concussions, numerous methods of treatment, and the complications of repeated injury. mTBI precipitates a host of cognitive, physical, and emotional symptoms, all of which can severely affect one’s daily life if left untreated. This paper will also address a range of possible treatment methods, including but not limited to acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical therapy. The efficacy of a multifaceted approach to treatment is emphasized, combining opinions …
Full Issue: Volume 18, Number 2, Spring 2025,
2025
Touro College and University System
Full Issue: Volume 18, Number 2, Spring 2025
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 18, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2025.
Can Cystic Fibrosis Be Treated With Genetic Therapy?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Can Cystic Fibrosis Be Treated With Genetic Therapy?, Steve Silverberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This paper discusses the current and prospective treatment options for the fatal genetic disease cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a protein that is on the surface of a cell. This protein allows for the flow of chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium ions to pass through the cell wall, bringing water with it. When this protein doesn’t work, the lack of ions and water in extracellular fluid becomes too thick, causing a multitude of problems. The most common …
Implant Alternatives: The Advancements Of Stem Cells In Regenerative Dentistry,
2025
Touro College and University System
Implant Alternatives: The Advancements Of Stem Cells In Regenerative Dentistry, Akiva Goldschmidt
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This research paper explores the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the realm of dentistry, focusing particularly on their ability to repair tissues and regenerate entire teeth. MSCs are significant as they can send differentiation signals to nearby cells and release growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF, which promote cellular activities necessary for dental repair and regeneration. The paper discusses the traditional methods of dental restoration, such as fillings and implants, and their inherent limitations. It then transitions to exploring innovative strategies that utilize MSCs to overcome these challenges and regenerate tooth structures including enamel, dentin, and periodontal …
Full Issue: Volume 19, Number 1, Fall 2025,
2025
Touro College and University System
Full Issue: Volume 19, Number 1, Fall 2025
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 19, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2025.
Does Chronic Stress Play A Role In The Genesis Of Neurodegenerative Diseases?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Does Chronic Stress Play A Role In The Genesis Of Neurodegenerative Diseases?, Rachelle Halpert
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Chronic stress has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This paper explores the correlation between chronic stress and neurodegeneration by reviewing population, clinical, and animal studies. Studies show that long-term stress disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, impairs hippocampal function, increases oxidative stress, and promotes neuroinflammation. These processes are all implicated in cognitive decline. The mechanisms through which these processes occur are discussed including elevated glucocorticoid levels, shortened telomeres, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activity of pro-inflammatory microglia. Lastly, potential interventions are reviewed, including lifestyle modifications such …
Can Deadly Toxins Become Tools For Medicine?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Can Deadly Toxins Become Tools For Medicine?, Esther Gross
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Natural toxins, long feared as deadly poison, are increasingly being harnessed as powerful medicine. This paper explores the growing role of animal and plant toxins in modern medicine, tracing their use from ancient remedies to cutting-edge biomedical science. Through a study of their biochemical mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and clinical case histories, this paper draws attention to the remarkable specificity and potency of toxin-derived compounds for disease treatment in diabetes, chronic pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc. This paper also investigates the scientific and practical barriers to the universal clinical application of toxins, such as issues of toxicity, cost, stability, and ethical …
Endometriosis & Natural Killer Cell Activity,
2025
Touro College and University System
Endometriosis & Natural Killer Cell Activity, Orelle Shakarchi
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Endometriosis is a condition found in females of reproductive age. It occurs when tissue, known as the endometrium, grows outside of its designated place- the uterus. It affects the reproductive organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic tissues. Endometriosis patients experience chronic pain and fertility issues. There has been a correlation between low cytotoxicity in Natural Killer (NK) cells and the development of the disease. NK cells are part of the human innate immunity system where they defend the body against tumors and any abnormal cells by performing apostasies A study done by the American Fertility Society, which …
Should Crispr Be Available As A Widespread Gene Therapy For Humans?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Should Crispr Be Available As A Widespread Gene Therapy For Humans?, Mirel Leifer
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The CRISPR/Cas gene editing tool was discovered in 2012 and since then has been researched extensively. It has many applications in the research and medical world and has been the topic of many discussions since its discovery. This paper describes several of the advantages of CRISPR; what it has been used for and the potential that it contains. Among those advantages are sickle cell treatment, Alzheimer’s treatment, coupling CRISPR with induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs), and the cancer battle. Also discussed in this paper are number of concerns that surround this new gene therapy. Among those are medical concerns and ethical …
Does Prenatal Stress Have Prenatal And Life-Long Effects?,
2025
Touro College and University System
Does Prenatal Stress Have Prenatal And Life-Long Effects?, Miriam Lavizadeh
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Maternal prenatal stress (MPS) has a unique impact on the developing fetus and the child’s life post birth. Pregnancy is a highly anxious time for a lot of women. Many have pregnancy related concerns as well as overall stress from environmental and societal factors. However, this takes a toll on the fetus’s development which can later cause different cognitive and health outcomes in the child. During a time of stress, one’s HPA axis gets activated causing the release of various hormones, particularly cortisol and catecholamines. These hormones can cross the placental barrier called HSD11B2-11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, exposing the sensitive and …
The Role Of The Gut–Brain Axis In Irritable Bowel Syndrome,
2025
Touro College and University System
The Role Of The Gut–Brain Axis In Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Malky Weiss
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The gastrointestinal (GI) system and the brain share a highly integrated relationship mediated by the gut–brain axis, with implications across a range of medical disciplines. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction (DGBI) which affects a significant portion of the global population, yet its pathophysiology has historically been poorly understood. This review examines the development and maintenance of IBS, drawing on literary sources to explore the gut–brain axis and disease expression which occurs as a result of its dysfunction. Common pathological features of IBS include visceral hypersensitivity, altered serotonin signaling, inappropriate immune activation, and …
What Are The Long-Term Health Implications Of Living Kidney Donation?,
2025
Touro College and University System
What Are The Long-Term Health Implications Of Living Kidney Donation?, Yehudis Fasten
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Living kidney donation is the optimal long-term treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), also known as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, it also raises concerns regarding the long-term health of donors. This paper explores the potential risks that living kidney donors (LKDs) may face, focusing on the potential development of ESRD and post-donation pregnancy risks, especially in relation to established ESRD risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It also examines the impact of genetic and familial predispositions, structural kidney changes, and proteinuria as contributors to future decline in kidney function. Concerns including reductions in erythropoietin (EPO) …
