Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Detection Of Beta-Lactamase Variants In Municipal Wastewater And Fresh Water, Sunil Pandey

Masters Theses

The occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) are pressing public health problems worldwide. A key factor contributing to the spread of ARGs is lateral gene transfer. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are measured hot spots of microbial diversity and resistance because they receive polluted wastewater from diverse sources and contain a variety of different environments with dense bacterial loads. Due to the overuse of antibiotics the genetic capacities of microbes have profited. This helps every source of resistance gene and every means of horizontal gene transmission to develop the multiple mechanism of resistance to each antibiotic used clinically, agriculturally, or …

Mitragynine Reduced Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference And Withdrawal In Rodents, Rittinarong Meepong, Thongchai Sooksawate

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) has been long used in folklore medicine in Southeast Asian countries for its analgesic effects and the treatment of opioid withdrawal. Mitragynine is a major alkaloid found in the leaves of kratom plant th.

Halogenated Flame Retardants And Organophosphate Esters In The Air Of Electronic Waste Recycling Facilities: Evidence Of High Concentrations And Multiple Exposures, Sabrina Gravel, Jérôme Lavoué, Bouchra Bakhiyi, Miriam L. Diamond, Liisa M. Jantunen, Jacques Lavoie, Brigitte Roberge, Marc-André Verner, Joseph Zayed, France Labrèche

Études primaires

Background

In response to a worldwide increase in production of electronic waste, the e-recycling industry is rapidly rowing. E-recycling workers are exposed to many potentially toxic contaminants, among which flame retardants (FRs), mainly suspected of being endocrine disruptors, are thought to be the most prevalent.

Objective

To conduct an exposure assessment of four chemical groups of FRs in Canadian e-recycling facilities, and to identify the main cofactors of exposure.

Methods

Personal air samples were collected over a workday for 85 workers in six e-recycling facilities, grouped into three facility sizes, and for 15 workers in control commercial waste facilities. Total …

Can A Precast Pit Latrine Concrete Floor Withstand Emptying Operations? An Investigation From Malawi., Joshua Mchenga, Rochelle H. Holm

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

For fecal sludge from households in low- and middle-income countries to be treated offsite it needs to be removed, which can be greatly affected by the pit latrine floor design. However, it is unclear whether precast pit latrine concrete floors (latrine slabs) can withstand emptiers and their equipment. To investigate this issue, 28 prefabricated latrine slabs were purchased in two cities of Malawi. They were first visually evaluated, and then their compression strength was tested. Additionally, each seller was asked a series of questions to better understand their business, training, and construction practices. Results showed that households should perform due …

Allium Cepa Extract Attenuates Ccl4-Induced Oxidative Stress In Rat Brain, Israel Oghenevwodokohwo Okoro, Helen Ejiro Kadiri, Augusta Inegbedion

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been used extensively to evaluate the probable mechanisms of toxicity in experimental animals. The CCl4 induced oxidative stress in rat brain has been established. This study aim to investigate the neuro-prot.

Potentiating Role Of Palm Oil And Its Extracts In Cadmium Induced Alteration Of Amino Transferase, Patrick Chukwuyenum Ichipi-Ifukor

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Aims: This study examined the effects of palm oil and palm oil extracts pre-treatment on the activities of serum and tissue amino transferases in acute cadmium induced toxicity. Methodology: Six experimental groups was used and group A served as the con..

Three Functional Foods From Garcinia Mangostana L. Using Low-Alpha-Mangostin Aqueous Extract Of The Pericarp: Product Development, Bioactive Compound Extractions And Analyses, And Sensory Evaluation, Pattamapan Lomarat, Primchanien Moongkarndi, Jutaphen Jaengprajak, Jutima Samer, Vimol Srisukh

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: As a result of the expansion of aging society worldwide, the trend in consuming healthy foods as well as functional foods for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases is increasing. Currently, functional foods are commercially .

The Activity Of Red Ginger Oil In Antioxidant Study In Vitro And Antihyperalgesia Effect In Alloxan-Induced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy In Mice, Fifteen Aprila Fajrin

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Red ginger oil (RGO) was reported had the highest bio-constituent, especially its essensial oil which was important for antioxidant, than the other varieties. Chronic diabetic triggered the increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which re.

Antiformation And Antimutagenic Activities Of Extracts From Pericarp And Seed Of Zanthoxylum Limonella (Dennst.) Alston, Patamawan Wipoosanapan, Keaw Kangsadalampai, Linna Tongyonk

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Zanthoxylum limonella aston (Z. limonella) is a popular spice in northern Thailand. It is used as a flavoring agent for certain foods. There have been studies about the biological activity of this spice including, antioxidant antimicrobial and anticancer.

Risk Assessment For Ingestion Of Off-Season Longan Stimulated By Potassium Chlorate, Theerayut Baubhom, Kannikar Chatsantiprapa

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Off-season longans in Thailand were stimulated by potassium chlorate (KClO3). KClO3 is hazardous chemical and prohibited in food since it might cause harm to human health. This research aimed to observe for chemical effects on longan trees, and analyze t.

In Silico Analysis Of Phytochemical Compound Found In Snake Fruit (Salacca Zalacca) Peel As Anti-Aging Agent, Ermi Girsang, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, Wahyu Widowati, Satrio Haryo Benowo Wibowo, Fajar Sukma Perdana, Rizal Rizal

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Skin aging is a complicated natural phenomenon characterized by progressive loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is an important fruit crop native from Indonesia. Its waste is a potential sour.

Various Nmdar Antagonists Decrease Interferon-Alpha Induced Depression Behavior In Mice Model Of Despair, Azadeh Mesripour, Ahmad Purhasani, Valiollah Hajhashemi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFNa) can induce depression that is likely the result of its effect on the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway. Kynurenine passes through the blood-brain barrier and breaks to neurotoxic metabolites, such as qui...

Hepatoprotective And Choleretic Activity Of Tanacetum Vulgare Flowers Extract, Oksana Ya. Mishchenko, Kateryna O. Kalko, Marharyta Yu. Zolotaikina, Tatyana M. Gontova, Victoria V. Mashtaler, Catherine Yu. Yurchenko, Lyudmyla V. Derymedvid, Anastasia Yu. Pozdniakova

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The article presents the study of hepatoprotective and choleretic properties of Tanacetum vulgare flores dry extract (TVFDE) in vivo. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out using model of subchronic toxi? hepatitis in rats, caus..

Characterization And Potention Phytoestrogen Of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan L. Mill Sp.) On Rat Ovary, Cicilia Primiani, Pujiati Pujiati, Sutiman Sumitro

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The objective of this study to analyze the estrogenic compounds in pigeon pea seeds and the effect of the plant seeds on the development of rat ovaries. Materials and method: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography.

Screening Of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity In Essential Oil From Myrtaceae, Vipaporn Sareedenchai

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: This research was to investigate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil from Myrtaceae and its components. Methods: The essential oils were extracted from fresh leave of Myrtaceae plants: Eucalyptus globulus Labill (Euca.

Physicochemical Characters And Fatty Acid Composition Of Payena Lucida Seed Oils, Penpun Wetwitayaklung

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Payena lucida A.DC. seed oil has long been used as edible oil and treating various kinds of diseases as oral and topical applications in some local areas of Myanmar. Objectives: This research aimed to identify and qualify the physicochemi...

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, In Silico Studies And In Vivo Evaluation For Antidiabetic Activity Of New Brominated Pyrazoline Analogues, Neni Frimayanti, Jasril Jasril, Ihsan Ikhtiarudin, Syilfia Hasti, Anisa Indah Reza

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Pyrazolines have played crucial role in the drug discovery researches and have been used widely as an important pharmacophores or intermediet for synthesis of bioactive compounds. Objective: The aim of this work is to explore the potentia...

Association Between The Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy And Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Sepsis, Ploylarp Lertvipapath, Chankit Puttilerpong, Peerawong Werarak, Tipa Chakorn, Nasikarn Angkasekwinai, Napakadol Noppakusomboon, Apichaya Monsomboon

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Sepsis is leading cause of death in hospitals, but appropriate antimicrobial therapy canreduce the mortality rate and improve the clinical outcome. This prospective studyanalyzed the association between appropriate antimicrobial therapy and clinical outc.

Ultrafine Black Carbon: A Cumulative Assessment On The Physiology Of Lung - Derived Cells, M Esther Salinas

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Combustion-derived nanomaterials are noxious ultrafine (<100 nm) aerosolized by-products generated by human activity. They pose threats to pulmonary health due to their small size, allowing them to penetrate deep into the alveolar regions causing detrimental responses downstream. Indeed, an examination between nanocarbon particle exposure and poor pulmonary health via cellular behavior was needed. I hypothesized that low-dose and long-term administrations of carbonaceous nanoparticles contribute to respiratory conditions by irritating lung-derived cells. Responses to ultrafine black carbon (UBC), a key component of airborne pollutants, by human lung A549 and murine lung LA4 epithelial cells, human peripheral-blood monocytes THP1, and murine macrophages RAW264.7 were investigated. These lines were chosen because epithelial cells and mononuclear cells (monocytes and macrophages) are the first to come in contact with inhaled particulate matter (PM) and contribute to stress and inflammation of pulmonary tissues. The cells were first plated on day zero and fed fresh UBC suspended in culture media on days one, four, and seven. The exposure regimen included three different low-level concentrations of UBC. On day ten, all cells were prepared for subsequent assays. Effects on cellular viability revealed that UBC was modestly cytotoxic while ATPase and esterase activity (termed enzyme vitality for the purpose of this study) were significantly diminished in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, beta-galactosidase proportionally increased with UBC concentration compared to untreated cells, indicating that cellular senescence was promoted across all cell types. Multiple markers of oxidative stress were subsequently measured, showing non-uniform trends and displaying moderate accumulation of oxidative damage, contingent upon cell line and UBC treatment. However, a significant induction of inner mitochondrial membrane depolarization of human UBC-treated cells was observed; an aberrant cell-cycle progression was found across all cells. The implemented regimen of UBC exposure elicited an imbalance of free (reduced) glutathione, altered mitochondrial potential, and abnormal cell-cycle activity. This method demonstrated that modifications across both species induced changes to cellular fitness overall. The data supported that compounding nanosized black carbon exposure could negatively affect overall pulmonary cell health by distinctively modifying intracellular activity. Additionally, we further surmised that sustained exposure to nanocarbon could impair innate immunity. Therefore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and cytokine levels upon continuous administrations to 3.0 μg/mL UBC after brief challenges to microbial proxies were assessed; on day 9, the cells were succumbed to three different microbial insults (LPS, Poly I:C, and Zymosan). On day 10, measurements demonstrated a moderate accumulation of oxidative stress, conditional to each cell type. Thus, UBC plus microbe approach triggered pro-oxidant levels and cytokine production across different cell types and diminished phagocytic response by murine macrophages. Based on the results, ultrafine-PM exposure may impair inflammatory function in response to pathogenic infections. In summation, our findings indicated that additive nanosized UBC in combination with microbe-like challenges may compromise cellular behavior, suggesting potential ways by which inhalation of ultrafine-PM may contribute to or exacerbate poor pulmonary health.

Numerically Modelling Time And Dose Dependent Cytotoxicity, Hugh Byrne, Marcus A. Maher

Articles

Dose-response curves are fundamental tools of in vitro toxicology, extensively employed in toxicant or drug screening. They are expressed by a variety of end-points and assays, measured at different time-points in a choice of cell-lines, but are typically quantified only using the mean concentration for 50% response (e.g. drug efficacy or pathway inhibition) as an indicator of overall effect. However, the response is the result of a complex and dynamic cascade of events which occur between the initial exposure and the measured end-point, and the characteristic rates of the contributing stages govern the dose response and ultimately the measured characteristic …