Evaluation Of A Health-Promoting School Program To Enhance Correct Medication Use In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Evaluation Of A Health-Promoting School Program To Enhance Correct Medication Use In Taiwan, H.-Y. Chi, F.-C. Chang, H.-J. Lin, L.-J. Huang, J.-C. Chang, M.-K. Yeh, J.-J. Kang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study was an evaluation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) programin Taiwan and its effectiveness in enhancing students' knowledge and abilities with regard to correct medication usage. In 2011, baseline and follow-up self-administered online surveys were received from 3520 middle-school and primary students from intervention schools, and 3738 students from comparison primary and secondary schools completed the same survey. The results indicated that after implementing the correct medication use HPS program, students' knowledge and abilities concerning correct medication usage (i.e., the need to express clearly personal conditions to physicians, to check information on the medication packages, to take medication …
Facile Method For Determination Of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity In Biological Milieus,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Facile Method For Determination Of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity In Biological Milieus, W.-H. Hao, L.-C. Yang, J.-J. Wang, C.-S. Hsu, L.-C. Chang, K.-Y. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new analytical method for determining deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity in biological milieus using luminescence is reported here. This method, based on utilizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the sole phosphate donor in the kinase reaction and monitoring ATP consumption via a luciferase-based chemiluminescence reaction, is capable of detecting dCK activity without the use of specific substrates or radioisotope techniques. Comparing with the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method, this new method is suggested to be efficient and sensitive. Further, application of the proposed method for profiling dCK activity in cultured cancer cells revealed that a cervix cell line exhibited the highest …
Protective Effects Of Strawberry And Mulberry Fruit Polysaccharides On Inflammation And Apoptosis In Murine Primary Splenocytes,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Protective Effects Of Strawberry And Mulberry Fruit Polysaccharides On Inflammation And Apoptosis In Murine Primary Splenocytes, C.-J. Liu, J.-Y. Lin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study isolated polysaccharides from strawberry (SP) and mulberry (MP) fruit juice to compare their cytokine secretion regulatory and antiapoptotic activities using murine primary splenocytes. SP and MP in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were administered to splenocytes for 48 hours. The culture supernatant was used for cytokine secretion assay using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The cell pellet was used for the determination of anti-/proapoptotic protein (B cell lymphoma 2/ Bak) levels in the cells using the Western blotting method. The results showed that SP and MP treatment at appropriate concentrations significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes …
Analysis Of Drug Abuse Data Reported By Medical Institutions In Taiwan From 2002 To 2011,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Analysis Of Drug Abuse Data Reported By Medical Institutions In Taiwan From 2002 To 2011, J. Hsu, J.-J. Lin, W.-I. Tsay
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Drug abuse has become a global issue of concern. It affects not only individual users, but also their families and communities. Data were retrieved from the database of the Taiwan Surveillance System of Drug Abuse and Addiction Treatment (SSDAAT) from 2002 to 2011, and 147,660 cases reported by medical institutions in Taiwan were reviewed. This study showed that the top five reported abused drugs by medical institutions during the last decade were heroin, methamphetamine, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and zolpidem. Heroin and methamphetamine continued to be the first two abused drugs reported by medical institutions. Heroin abuse was significant, but has shown …
Modeling Research On Wheat Protein Content Measurement Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy And Optimized Radial Basis Function Neural Network,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Modeling Research On Wheat Protein Content Measurement Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy And Optimized Radial Basis Function Neural Network, X. Mao, L. Sun, G. Hui, L. Xu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm were used to measure the protein content of wheat owing to their nondestructiveness and quick speed as well as better performance compared to the traditional measuring method (semimicro-Kjeldahl) in actual practice. To simplify the complex structure of the RBF network caused by the excessive wave points of samples obtained by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, we proposed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the cluster center in the hidden layers of the RBF neural network. In addition, a series of improvements for the PSO algorithm was …
Sensitivity And Specificity Of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Used For Influenza Rapid Test In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Sensitivity And Specificity Of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Used For Influenza Rapid Test In Taiwan, K.-T. Wang, C.-P. Lin, Y.-Y. Fang, M.-H. Kao, D.Y.-C. Shih, C.-F. Lo, D.-Y. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The pandemic influenza A/H1N1 outbreak resulted in 18,449 deaths in over 214 countries. In Taiwan, the influenza rapid test, an in vitro diagnostic device (Flu-IVD), only requires documented reviews for market approval by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the analytical sensitivity and specificity of Flu- IVDs used in Taiwan. Analytical sensitivity and specificity tests were performed for influenza antigens A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) virus, A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2) virus, B/ Brisbane/60/08 virus, and human coronavirus OC43. A total of seven domestic and 31 imported Flu-IVD samples were collected, of which, 20 samples had inadequate labeling, …
A Relative Bioavailability Study Of 500 Mg Calcium P-Aminosalicylate Film Coating Tablet In Healthy Individuals,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Relative Bioavailability Study Of 500 Mg Calcium P-Aminosalicylate Film Coating Tablet In Healthy Individuals, C. Cheng, M.-L. Chen, C. Tseng, Y.-S. Uang, C.-L. Huang, K.-Y. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the only available calcium p-aminosalicylate (Ca PAS) commercial product, which is one of the most commonly prescribed non-surveillance products fromthe Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) database in Taiwan. An openrandomized, balanced, two-way crossover study was designed to evaluate the relative bioavailability (F) of a 500 mg Ca PAS F.C. tablet with a 500 mg Ca PAS suspension in 13 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected according to a planned time schedule. The plasma concentrations of PAS were measured by a validated liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic …
Autophagy In Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Autophagy In Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity, S. Chen, W.B. Melchior, Jr., Y. Wu, L. Guo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Liver injury resulting from exposure to drugs and chemicals is a major health problem. Autophagy is an important factor in a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, liver disease, muscular disorder, neurodegeneration, pathogen infection, and aging, and emerging evidence indicates that autophagy makes a substantial contribution to the pathogenesis of drug- And chemical-induced liver toxicity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on autophagy triggered by toxicants/toxins, the protective role of autophagy in liver toxicity, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight experimental approaches for studying autophagy. Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Effect Of Water Cooking On Antioxidant Capacity Of Carotenoid-Rich Vegetables In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Water Cooking On Antioxidant Capacity Of Carotenoid-Rich Vegetables In Taiwan, F.-J. Kao, Y.-S. Chiu, W.-D. Chiang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Carotenoid-rich green leafy vegetables including cilantro, Thai basil leaves, sweet potato leaves, and choy sum were selected to evaluate the effects of water cooking or boiling on their total carotenoid content (TCC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The percentage inhibition of peroxidation (%IP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and metal-chelating effect were used to evaluate TAC. The results indicated that TCC reached the maximum after boiling cilantro, Thai basil leaves, and sweet potato leaves for 10 minutes, 5 minutes, and 5 minutes, respectively, and choy sum remained almost unchanged after 30 minutes of boiling. Boiling cilantro …
Tetrodotoxin And Paralytic Shellfish Poisons In Gastropod Species From Vietnam Analyzed By Highperformance Liquid Chromatography And Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Tetrodotoxin And Paralytic Shellfish Poisons In Gastropod Species From Vietnam Analyzed By Highperformance Liquid Chromatography And Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, H.-C. Jen, Nguyen T. Anh-Tuyet, Y.-J. Wu, T. Hoang, O. Arakawa, W.-F. Lin, D.-F. Hwang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
notorious neurotoxins that induce serious food poisoning incidents in the Southeast Asia region. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TTX and PSP toxins are important issues of seafood safety. Paralytic toxicity was observed in mice exposed to 34 specimens from five species of gastropods using a PSP bioassay. Five species of gastropods, Natica vitellus, Natica tumidus, Oliva hirasei, Oliva lignaria, and Oliva annulata, were collected from the coastal seawaters in Nha Trang City, Vietnam, between August 2007 and October 2007. The average lethal potency of gastropod specimens was 90 ± 40 (mean ± standard deviation) mouse units …
Forced Degradation Behavior Of Epidepride And Development Of A Stability-Indicating Method Based On Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Forced Degradation Behavior Of Epidepride And Development Of A Stability-Indicating Method Based On Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, W.-H. Chen, Y.-Y. Lin, Y. Chang, K.-W. Chang, Y.-C. Shia, K.-T. Liu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was applied to study the forced degradation behavior and stability of epidepride. 123I radioisotope-labeled epidepride, ((-)-N-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide) is a radio-tracer with a very high affinity for dopamine D2 receptors in the brain and has been used as an imaging agent for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). HPLC studies were performed using 127I-epidepride (the non-radioactive compound), instead of 123I-epidepride, with an RP-18 column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile, and ammonium acetate (pH 7.0, 10 mM). The eluent flow rate and the wavelength for HPLC detection were …
Genotoxicity Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Genotoxicity Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, T. Chen, J. Yan, Y. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs, < 100 nm) are increasingly being used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to the unique properties derived from their small sizes. However, their large surface-area to mass ratio and high redox potential may negatively impact human health and the environment. TiO2-NPs can cause inflammation, pulmonary damage, fibrosis, and lung tumors and they are possibly carcinogenic to humans. Because cancer is a disease involving mutation, there are a large number of studies on the genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs. In this article, we review the results that have been reported in the literature, with a focus on data generated from the standard genotoxicity assays. The data include genotoxicity results from the Ames test, in vitro and in vivo Comet assay, in vitro and in vivo micronucleus assay, sister chromatid exchange assay, mammalian cell hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene assay, the wing somatic mutation and recombination assay, and the mouse phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A gene assay. Inconsistent results have been found in these assays, with both positive and negative responses being reported. The in vitro systems for assessing the genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs have generated a greater number of positive results than the in vivo systems, and tests for DNA and chromosome damage have produced more positive results than the assays measuring gene mutation. Nearly all tests for measuring the mutagenicity of TiO2-NPs were negative. The current data indicate that the genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs is mediated mainly through the generation of oxidative stress in cells.
Raman Spectroscopy In The Analysis Of Food And Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Raman Spectroscopy In The Analysis Of Food And Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials, Y.-S. Li, J.S. Church
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Raman scattering is an inelastic phenomenon. Although its cross section is very small, recent advances in electronics, lasers, optics, and nanotechnology have made Raman spectroscopy suitable in many areas of application. The present article reviews the applications of Raman spectroscopy in food and drug analysis and inspection, including those associated with nanomaterials. Brief overviews of basic Raman scattering theory, instrumentation, and statistical data analysis are also given. With the advent of Raman enhancement mechanisms and the progress being made in metal nanomaterials and nanoscale metal surfaces fabrications, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy has become an extra sensitive method, which is …
Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Activities Of Nano-Iron Metal And Nano-Iron Oxides,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Activities Of Nano-Iron Metal And Nano-Iron Oxides, H. Wu, J.-J. Yin, W.G. Wamer, M. Zeng, Y.M. Lo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides are among the most widely used engineered and naturally occurring nanostructures, and the increasing incidence of biological exposure to these nanostructures has raised concerns about their biotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress is one of the most accepted toxic mechanisms and, in the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the ROS-related activities of iron nanostructures. In this review, we summarize activities of nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides in ROS-related redox processes, addressing in detail the known homogeneous and heterogeneous redox mechanisms involved in these processes, intrinsic ROS-related properties of iron nanostructures …
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy For The Study Of Nanomaterial-Mediated Generation Of Reactive Oxygen Species,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy For The Study Of Nanomaterial-Mediated Generation Of Reactive Oxygen Species, W. He, Y. Liu, W.G. Wamer, J.-J. Yin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Many of the biological applications and effects of nanomaterials are attributed to their ability to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a direct and reliable method to identify and quantify free radicals in both chemical and biological environments. In this review, we discuss the use of ESR spectroscopy to study ROS generation mediated by nanomaterials, which have various applications in biological, chemical, and materials science. In addition to introducing the theory of ESR, we present some modifications of the method such as spin trapping and spin labeling, which ultimately aid in the …
Introduction To The Special Issue: Nanomaterials - Toxicology And Medical Applications,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Introduction To The Special Issue: Nanomaterials - Toxicology And Medical Applications, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
[No abstract available]
Neurotoxicity Of Nanoscale Materials,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Neurotoxicity Of Nanoscale Materials, A. Karmakar, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Nanotechnology has been applied in consumer products and commercial applications, showing a significant impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. Significant evidence indicates that manufactured nanomaterials and combustion-derived nanomaterials elicit toxicity in humans exposed to these nanomaterials. The interaction of the engineered nanomaterials with the nervous system has received much attention in the nanotoxicology field. In this review, the biological effects of metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanomaterials on the nervous system are discussed from both in vitro and in vivo studies. The translocation of the nanoparticles through the blood-brain barrier or nose to brain via the …
Mechanistic Characterization Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Toxicity Using Electron Spin Resonance,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Mechanistic Characterization Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Toxicity Using Electron Spin Resonance, M. Li, J.-J. Yin, W.G. Wamer, Y.M. Lo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials that have been manufactured worldwide and applied in different commercial realms. The well-recognized ability of TiO2 to promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been extensively studied as one of the important mechanisms underlying TiO2 NPs toxicity. As the "gold standard" method to quantify and identify ROS, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been employed in many studies aimed at evaluating TiO2 NPs safety. This review aims to provide a thorough discussion of current studies using ESR as the primary method to unravel the mechanism …
Molecular Toxicity Mechanism Of Nanosilver,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Molecular Toxicity Mechanism Of Nanosilver, D. Mcshan, P.C. Ray, H. Yu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Silver is an ancient antibiotic that has found many new uses due to its unique properties on the nanoscale. Due to its presence in many consumer products, the toxicity of nanosilver has become a hot topic. This review summarizes recent advances, particularly the molecular mechanism of nanosilver toxicity. The surface of nanosilver can easily be oxidized by O2 and other molecules in the environmental and biological systems leading to the release of Ag+, a known toxic ion. Therefore, nanosilver toxicity is closely related to the release of Ag+. In fact, it is difficult to determine what portion of the toxicity …
Assessment Of The Toxic Potential Of Graphene Family Nanomaterials,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Assessment Of The Toxic Potential Of Graphene Family Nanomaterials, X. Guo, N. Mei
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Graphene, a single-atom-thick carbon nanosheet, has attracted great interest as a promising nanomaterial for a variety of bioapplications because of its extraordinary properties. However, the potential for widespread human exposure raises safety concerns about graphene and its derivatives, referred to as graphene-family nanomaterials. This review summarizes recent findings on the toxicological effects and the potential toxicity mechanisms of graphene-family nanomaterials in bacteria, mammalian cells, and animal models. Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide elicit toxic effects both in vitro and in vivo, whereas surface modifications can significantly reduce their toxic interactions with living systems. Standardization of terminology and the …
