Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Commons^™

Ulva Prolifera Polysaccharide Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects Via Upregulation Of Adiponectin Expression And Gut Microbiota Modulation In High-Fat Diet-Fed C57bl/6 Mice, Hai-Ching Pung, Wei-Sheng Lin, Yi-Chen Lo, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Chi-Tang Ho, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Obesity is characterized by metabolic disorder and accompanying an altered and less diverse gut microbiota composition during a fat-enriched diet. Recent studies indicated that sulphated polysaccharide prevents high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, reduces metabolic disorder, and restores the gut microbiota. However, there are few studies about Ulva prolifera polysaccharide (UPP) may induce anti-obesogenic effects. Therefore, the present study investigates the enzymatic extracted UPP effects in HFD-fed mice. The results showed that UPP considerably slowed down the HFD-induced weight gain and improved metabolic disorders in HFD-fed mice. Notably, the effects were associated with lower body weight gain, reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy, …

Stable Carbon Isotopic Characterization Of Rice Vinegar Protein As An Intrinsic Reference For Discriminating The Authenticity Of Brewed Rice Vinegar, Chun-Jen Fang, Hsin-Cheng You, Zih-Ling Huang, Che-Lun Hsu, Chia-Fen Tsai, Ya-Tze Lin, Ya-Min Kao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang, Nan-Wei Su

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rice vinegar plays an important role in daily life. However, some unscrupulous manufacturers may deliberately add synthetic acetic acid in vinegar products to reduce fermentation time and save production costs. To protect the rights and health of consumers, vinegar authenticity must be controlled. The rice vinegar protein was used as an intrinsic reference and its stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C_protein) was analyzed by elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The stable carbon isotope ratio difference between the acetic acid and the rice vinegar protein (Δδ¹³C_{acetic acid-protein}) was calculated to evaluate vinegar authenticity. Sixteen …

Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined With Ambient Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Rapidly Distinguish Pesticides In Serum For Emergency Diagnostics, Hung Su, Hsin-Hua Lin, Lin-Jhen Su, Chia-Chen Lin, Zong-Han Jiang, Shiang-Jin Chen, Jentaie Shiea, Chi-Wei Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Despite the fact that carbamates and organophosphates cause acute poisoning via different mechanisms and require disparate management, they are indistinguishable by current clinical assays. Herein, direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) plus thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS) was developed to discern them. Both pesticides spiked in human serum were extracted by SPME and analyzed by TD-ESI/MS/MS. This is a promising emergency care platform as rapid analyses could be done in tiny sample volumes with satisfactory recovery (89.46%–116.32%), precision (covariance < 20%), sensitivity (LOD < 0.1 µg/mL), turnaround time (< 5 minutes), and linearity (R² = 0.9827–0.9992) within 0.1–100 µg/mL.

Determination Of Perfluoroalkyl Substances In Food Packaging In Taiwan Using Ultrasonic Extraction And Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Peng Siao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Chia-Yang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as coating materials, possess oil-resistant and waterproof properties. However, their persistency and toxicity have caused concerns. This study developed a method for determining five types of 20 PFASs with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and measured seven categories of 32 commercial samples of oil-resistant food packaging in Taiwan. The assay was validated according to the specification of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA). Samples of 100 cm² were cut into pieces and were ultra-sonicated in 20-mL methanol at 50℃ for 45 minutes. The extracts were concentrated to 1 mL for instrumental analysis. Most matrix effect factors …

The Next Generation Beneficial Actions Of Novel Probiotics As Potential Therapeutic Targets And Prediction Tool For Metabolic Diseases, Hsin-Lin Cheng, Gow-Chin Yen, Shih-Chien Huang, Shiuan-Chih Chen, Chin-Lin Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The prevalence of metabolic disease has rising and affected over 1,000 million populations globally. Since the metabolic disease and its related complication are board, it has become the major health hazard of modern world. However, Long term medication of metabolic disease may cause serious side effects and risk for adverse health problems. Recently, emerging studies focus on exploring the mechanistic details of metabolic state in disease development and progression. Gut bacteria ecosystem was considered to play a pivotal role in regulating energy homeostasis and great associated with the development of metabolic disease. Accumulated evidences indicated that Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, …

Effects Of Acid Hydrolyzed Chitosan Derivatives On Mhv Infection, Krishna Sharma

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Coronaviruses have recently been under significant scrutiny due to the ongoing covid-19 pandemic that began in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread to the rest of the world. Chitosan is a common chemical from crustaceans that has several desirable properties due to being biodegradable, non-toxic, and, most importantly, cheap. It also exhibits anti-viral properties, which is the focus of these experiments. We tested the toxicity of the chitosan on cell lines to see how much chitosan the cells can tolerate. We hydrolyzed the chitosan in acid, and the chitosan fibrils added cell lines to see if the anti-viral properties increased in …

Repurposing Lansoprazole And Posaconazole To Treat Leishmaniasis: Integration Of In Vitro Testing, Pharmacological Corroboration, And Mechanisms Of Action, Yash Gupta, Steven Goicoechea, Jesus G. Romero, Raman Mathur, Thomas R. Caulfield, Daniel P. Becker, Ravi Durvasula, Prakasha Kempaiah

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Leishmaniasis remains a serious public health problem in many tropical regions of the world. Among neglected tropical diseases, the mortality rate of leishmaniasis is second only to malaria. All currently approved therapeutics have toxic side effects and face rapidly increasing resistance. To identify existing drugs with antileishmanial activity and predict the mechanism of action, we designed a drug-discovery pipeline utilizing both in-silico and in-vitro methods. First, we screened compounds from the Selleckchem Bio-Active Compound Library containing ~1622 FDA-approved drugs and narrowed these down to 96 candidates based on data mining for possible anti-parasitic properties. Next, we completed preliminary in-vitro testing …

Results Of A Phase 1, Randomized, Placebocontrolled First-In-Human Trial Of Griffithsin Formulated In A Carrageenan Vaginal Gel, Natalia Teleshova, Maria J. Keller, José A. Fernández Romero, Barbara A. Friedland, George W. Creasy, Marlena G. Plagianos, Laurie Ray, Patrick Barnable, Larisa Kizima, Aixa Rodriguez, Nadjet Cornejal, Claudia Melo, Gearoff Cruz Rodriguez, Sampurna Mukhopadhyay, Giulia Calenda, Shweta U. Sinkar, Thierry Bonnaire, Asa Wesenberg, Shimin Zhang, Kyle Kleinbeck, Kenneth Palmer, Mohcine Alami, Barry R. O'Keefe, Patrick Gillevet, Hong Hur, Yupu Liang, Gabriela Santone, Raina N. Fichorova, Tamara Kalir, Thomas M. Zydowsky

Publications and Research

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is dominated by clinical therapeutic antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a non-ARV lectin with potent anti-HIV activity. GRFT’s preclinical safety, lack of systemic absorption after vaginal administration in animal studies, and lack of cross-resistance with existing ARV drugs prompted its development for topical HIV PrEP. We investigated safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of PC-6500 (0.1% GRFT in a carrageenan (CG) gel) in healthy women after vaginal administration. This randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind first-in-human phase 1 study enrolled healthy, HIV-negative, non-pregnant women aged 24–45 years. In the open label period, all participants (n …

Creating A Pre-Illness Covid-19 Action Plan: A Web-Based Public Education Initiative, Brian S. Hustad

DNP Research Projects

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic took the world by storm in the beginning stages of 2020. Public health agencies were overwhelmed, undermanned, and therefore slow to respond. Information began to flow at an unprecedented rate. Yet, very limited resources were put into place to present this information or to instruct the public on evidence-based prevention, treatment, or care at home during active infection.

Intervention: A project website was created and accessed through a QR code on the project flyer or by entering the URL into any browser. Participants were able to access three evidence- based video modules, which introduced the …

Small G- Protein Regulators Of Islet Beta Cell Function, Suhadinie Sameera Gamage

Wayne State University Dissertations

Defects in insulin secretion from pancreatic islet beta- cells leads to long term complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanism and regulation of glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) as well as factors contributing to pancreatic islet beta-cell demise are yet poorly understood. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a small G- protein is involved in GSIS as well as in culminating dysfunction under metabolic stress. Cycling of Rac1 between its inactive and active form is considered a vital event in glucose stimulated insulin secretion. This conversion is made possible by …

The Arsenic Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Via The Activating Transcription Factor 6 In Human Bronchial Epithelial Beas-2b Cells, Priya Wadgaonkar

Wayne State University Dissertations

Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancers. We have previously shown that long-term exposure to an environmentally relevantconcentration of inorganic arsenic (As3+) leads to the malignant transformation of the BEAS-2B cells, and some of the transformed cells show cancer stem-like features (CSCs) with a significant upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the present report, we investigate the short-term effect of As3+ on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response—the “unfolded protein response (UPR)” and metabolism in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells. Treatment of the cells with inorganic …

Fair Resource Allocation To Reduce Inequalities In Criminal Justice & Healthcare, Alex Liu, Alexia Rodrigues

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

Together, we are working to identify discrepancies in the criminal justice system that put substance users at an unfair advantage for possible treatment and success in the future. This is done by modeling regressions involving the arrest-rates, developing charts to show the patterns of past arrests, and tracking the resources available for substance users. By doing this, we provide models to the local sheriff office that forecasts incoming inmates which allows the office to prepare accordingly. On the flip side, we are working to create a prediction model that exemplifies the risk of relapse for substance users. Ultimately, our goal …

Comparison Of Free Versus Encapsulated Drugs On 3t3 Differentiation, Simon H. Friedrich, Gabriel Volpe

Undergraduate Research Posters

The scope of this project was to design, synthesize and test targeted nanoparticles containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs that promote browning in adipose tissue. For hydrophilic drugs the use of liposomes and their hydrophilic core is more useful than the PLGA nanoparticles which have hydrophobic cores. The inhibition of the FOXO1 pathway and modulation of autophagy in adipose tissue can promote browning of white adipose tissue, or an energy burning state where excess energy is burned as heat instead of stored in the cell. If successful, these drugs would offer an alternative treatment for obesity where changes to the patient's …

The Effect Of Pioglitazone On Phosphoproteome And Interactome Of Protein Phosphatase 2a In Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells, Lana Alghanem

Wayne State University Dissertations

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is one of the main contributors to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which is a chronic disease affecting 37.3 million people in United States (US), with an estimated annual cost exceeding $300 billion in the US. T2D is being treated with a variety of medications, including Pioglitazone (PIO), a potent insulin sensitizer for skeletal muscle. PIO is a synthetic ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), nuclear receptors regulating the expression of many genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. To date, the molecular action of PIO that sensitizes muscle to insulin is incompletely understood. Protein phosphorylation …

Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers For The Selective Extraction Of Analytes, Haley A. Mulder

Theses and Dissertations

Sample preparation is a critical steps in bioanalysis. Traditional methods such as solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction are laborious and ultimately incapable of properly separating target analytes from matrix and interferents. The co-extraction of these components interferes with the analytical instrument’s ability to properly detect and quantitate analytes. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers that have been “imprinted” with a template analyte in a co-polymer system. MIPs are capable of selectively extracting analytes from complex biological matrices and can be employed in off-line, benchtop extractions or for on/in-line instrument extractions. MIPs offer faster and more selective sample preparation, leading …

The Benefits Of Astaxanthin To Improve Pain Relief In Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial, Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon, Mary Rose Angelina Budi Harsana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Treatment of diabetic neuropathy is still carried out by providing symptomatic therapy, which only improves ± 50% of the total symptoms felt by patients, but does not tackle the underlying causes of the disease. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic carotenoid that could be an additional treatment option. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of administering astaxanthin as an additional therapy to improve the impact of pain and discomfort experienced daily by diabetes mellitus patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. We conducted a randomized experimental study with an open label design of 36 patients who had been diagnosed with …

Real-Time Monitoring Of Cell Death Progress Using Capacitance Spectroscopy, Suyang Wu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biologics, including the monoclonal antibody (mAb), has experienced rapid development in the last decade. However, the price of biologics is often prohibitively high because of the low process efficiency. Delaying the inevitable cell death improves the productivity of upstream bioprocessing, whose success relies on monitoring the cell death onset that indicates the timing for preventive actions.

This study proposes to develop a real-time monitoring model that quantifies the dying cell percentage in lab-scale bioreactors using capacitance spectroscopy. The capacitance spectroscopy contains cell death-related information due to various physical properties changes during the cell death process, e.g., cytoplasmic conductivity change. The …

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Molecular Cartography Of Residue Pesticides On Grape Surface In 3d By Ambient Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Hung Su, Tiao-Lai Huang, Cheng-Ting Chi, Yi-Tzu Cho, Chi-Wei Lee, Jingyueh Jeng, Jentaie Shiea

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS) was used to characterize the residual pesticides that were collected from the surface of a grape with metallic sampling probes. Fungicides, insecticides, and miticides were detected, where results were validated by simple solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. To explore the distribution of pesticide residues on grape surfaces, 149 locations of a grape surface were collected and followed by TD-ESI/MS/MS analysis. The molecular cartography was then generated from analysis of residual pesticides on the grape surface in 3D.

Variations In Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides After Calving Using P-Aminobenzoic Ethyl Ester Closed-Ring Labeling And Negative Ion Electrospray Lc/Ms/Ms, Han-Ju Chien, Yi-Chun Ma, Yi-Feng Zheng, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Wei-Chen Wang, Guor-Rong Her, Chien-Chen Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A strategy was proposed to analyze bovine milk oligosaccharides using p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester (ABEE) closed-ring labeling and C18 capillary liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Linkage specific fragment ions were used to identify oligosaccharide isomers. By constructing the mass chromatograms using linkage specific fragment ions, isomers were differentiated based on m/z values as well as temporal separation provided by liquid chromatography. In addition to disialyllactose and the single isomer lacto-N-neohexaose, four pairs of linkage isomers including 3’/6’-sialyllactose (3’/6’-SL), 3’/6’-sialyllactosamine (3’/6’-SLN), 3’/6’-sialylgalactosyl-lactose (3’/6’-SGL), and lacto-N-tetraose/lacto-N-neotetraose (LNT/LNnT) in bovine milk were investigated. Variations of bovine milk oligosaccharides in a …