Nutrition Commons^™

Accounting For Product Substitution In The Analysis Of Food Taxes Targeting Obesity, Zhen Miao, John C. Beghin, Helen H. Jensen

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. We systematically incorporate the implicit substitution between added sugars and solid fats into a comprehensive food demand system and evaluate the effect of taxes on sugars and fats. The approach conditions how food and obesity taxes affect total calorie intake. The proposed methodology accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. This substitution is integrated into a calibrated demand system in addition to the substitution among food groups, using recent food intake data and existing demand …

Effects Of Forage Species Or Concentrate Finishing On Animal Performance, Carcass And Meat Quality, S. K. Duckett, J. P.S. Neel, Ronald M. Lewis, J. P. Fontenot, W M. Clapham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Angus-cross steers (n = 128; initial BW = 270 ± 3.8 kg) were used in a 3-yr study to assess effects of forage species grazed before slaughter versus concentrate finishing on carcass and meat quality. At the completion of the stockering phase, steers were randomly allotted to mixed pasture (MP; n = 36/yr) or corn-silage concentrate (CON; n = 12/yr) finishing treatments. At 40 d before harvest, MP steers were randomly divided into 3 forage species treatments: alfalfa (AL), pearl millet (PM), or mixed pasture (MP). Average daily BW gain was greater (P = 0.001) for CON than …

Child Friendliness Of Restaurants: A Pilot Study, Amy Mccluskey Bardwell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the child friendliness of restaurants using a combination of previous literature and focus groups. The pilot study consisted of a thirty-six item survey instrument that was distributed to forty individuals. Among the forty individuals who received the survey instrument, thirty-three of them completed the survey. A panel of experts reviethe survey results using cognitive factor analysis. The experts were asked to place each item of the survey instrument into categories. From this, five factors emerged. These included: facilities, service, atmosphere, activities, and menu. Six items from the survey …

Strengthening Vendor Standards In The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Are Healthier Foods Within Reach?, Mary E. Kennelly, Roni Neff, Lainie Rutkow

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

The Mediating Role Of Dietary Patterns On The Relation Between Acculturation, Psychosocial Factors, And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In The U.S. - Mexico Border, Ximena Burgos

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Chronic diseases affect both, developed and developing countries around the world. In the U.S., cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death for all groups including Hispanics (Heron, 2009). Hispanics are disproportionally affected by CVD and experience risk factors at higher rates than non-Hispanic whites (Swenson, 2002). Although CVD are among the most expensive and widespread health problems, they are among the most preventable. Evidence shows that diet plays a very important role in the development of chronic diseases; current dietary changes are partially responsible for the increasing epidemic of chronic diseases worldwide. It is well established that the …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Higher Food Prices May Threaten Food Security Status Among American Low-Income Households With Children, Qi Zhang, Sonya Jones, Christopher J. Ruhm, Margaret Andrews

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Children in food-insecure households are more likely to experience poorer health function and worse academic achievement. To investigate the relation between economic environmental factors and food insecurity among children, we examined the relation between general and specific food prices (fast food, fruits and vegetables, beverages) and risk of low (LFS) and very low food security (VLFS) status among low-income American households with children. Using information for 27,900 child-year observations from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 1998 1999 linked with food prices obtained from the Cost of Living Data of the Council for Community and Economic Research, formerly known …

Rats Acquire Stronger Preference For Flavors Consumed Towards The End Of A High-Fat Meal, Kevin P. Myers

Faculty Journal Articles

Rats learn to prefer flavors associated with postingestive effects of nutrients. The physiological signals underlying this postingestive reward are unknown. We have previously shown that rats readily learn to prefer a flavor that was consumed early in a multi-flavored meal when glucose is infused intragastrically (IG), suggesting rapid postingestive reward onset. The present experiments investigate the timing of postingestive fat reward, by providing distinctive flavors in the first and second halves of meals accompanied by IG fat infusion. Learning stronger preference for the earlier or later flavor would indicate when the rewarding postingestive effects are sensed. Rats consumed sweetened, calorically-dilute …

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Ligands Of The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promote Adipocyte-Mediated Diabetes, Nicki A. Baker

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Numerous epidemiology studies suggest a correlation between exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the development and severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, mechanisms remain largely unknown. Previous studies demonstrated that PCBs that are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) promote the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), that are linked to insulin resistance in adipocytes. To explore potential mechanisms linking PCB exposures to diabetes, we developed a mouse model of glucose and insulin intolerance induced by acute and chronic exposures to PCB-77. We hypothesized that PCB ligands of AhR result in adipocyte-specific elevations in TNF-α …

An Independent Audit Of The Australian Food Industry's Voluntary Front-Of-Pack Nutrition Labelling Scheme For Energy-Dense Nutrition-Poor Foods, Owen B. Carter, Brennen W. Mills, Tina Phan, Elanie Lloyd

Research outputs 2013

Background/Objective: Since 2006, the Australian food industry has promoted its front-of-pack (FOP) food labelling system-the Daily Intake Guide (DIG)-as a success story of industry self-regulation. With over 4000 products already voluntary featuring the DIG, the industry argues that government regulation of FOP nutrition labelling is simply unnecessary. However, no independent audit of the industry's self-regulation has ever been undertaken and we present the first such Australian data.

Subjects/Methods: Energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) snacks were audited at nine Australian supermarkets, including biscuits, candy, ice creams, chocolates, crisps, sports drinks, energy drinks, flavoured milks, sweetened juices and soft drinks. In these categories nutrition …

The Impact Of School District Size On Wellness Policy Strength, Comprehensiveness, Implementation Status And Barriers In South Dakota Schools, Emily Kranz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: The purpose of this project was to determine if differences exist in strength, comprehensiveness, perceived implementation, and barriers of school wellness policies between public school districts of varying size in South Dakota. Methods: All public school districts within South Dakota (N=151) were contacted and asked to submit their current wellness policy. The strength and comprehensiveness of each written policy was assessed via WellSAT. An electronic invitation to complete the School Nutrition and Physical Activity Practices Survey was sent to all Kindergarten-12th grade school principals (N=96) to assess perceived policy implementation and barriers. Results: Wellness policies were collected from 70 …

Effects Of Tocotrienol Rich Fractions On Lipid Profiles In Hemodialysis Patients, Rami Hanna

Wayne State University Theses

Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of cardio vascular diseases (CVD) driven by dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Vitamin E isomers (tochopherols and tocotrienols) are fat-soluble anti oxidants. Tocotrienol isomers (T3) are fewer studies than tochopherol isomers, but they have multifaceted effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism. We investigated the lipid modifying effects of tocotrienol rich fractions (TRF) on CKD patients receiving HD in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial on 81 patients (43M, 38F). Subjects (n=41) were given 220 mg/day of either TRF (180mg TRF, comprising of 34% áT3, 3%âT3, 50% ãT3, 13%äT3 and 40 …

Impact Of Folate Depletion On Expression Of Folate Metabolizing Enzymes, Yizhen Wu

Wayne State University Theses

Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B that plays a critical roles in the de novo nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, DNA methylation, and cellular growth. By involved in the one-carbon metabolic pathways, folate influences the thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and the purine nucleotides synthesis, consequently affect the DNA synthesis and repair. Through the one-carbon pathway, the folate level also influences the DNA methylation, consequently affect the gene expression.

In this study, we inspected the change of gene expression of 14 genes which are related to the folate metabolism in two different cell lines. One is MEF cell line and the other one …

Weight Loss That Works, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Effectiveness Of Classroom-Based Nutrition Intervention On Changes In Eating Behavior In African American Parents/Caregivers And Their Children., Nesrine Akil

Wayne State University Theses

Although obesity rate has increased steadily over the past 20 years in the US, a 2006 report showed that the obesity rate is expected to continue to rise, with 13.9% of children between the ages of 2 to 5 years are considered overweight. However, 26.2% were considered at risk of becoming overweight. The parents/caregivers are the key players for developing their children's healthy or unhealthy eating habits since they are the specific determinants of food selection, serving structured meals and being the role models to their children by eating the same food offered themselves. This reflects the parents' significant roles …

An Evaluation Of The Opinions Of School Nutrition Professionals On The New Meal Pattern Being Implemented Through The National School Lunch Program (Nslp) With A Focus On The Fruit And Vegetable Components, Sowjanya Chowdary Chilaka

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federally supported school meal program. The Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act (HHFKA), 2010 based on the recommendations by Institute of Medicine (IOM) introduced new meal pattern that comply with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 and these are the major changes made in the past 15 years to school meal programs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the opinions of school nutrition professionals on the new meal pattern being implemented through the NSLP with a focus on fruit and vegetable components. A questionnaire was developed and distributed at strategic locations. …

Proalgazyme Subfraction Improves The Lipoprotein Profile Of Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters, While Inhibiting Production Of Betaine, Carnitine, And Choline Metabolites, Andreea Geamanu, Arvind Goja, Nadia Saadat, Pramod Khosla, Smiti V. Gupta

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Previously, we reported that ProAlgaZyme (PAZ) and its biologically active fraction improved plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic hamsters, by significantly increasing the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) while reducing non-HDL cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C. Moreover, hepatic mRNA expression of genes involved in HDL/reverse cholesterol transport were significantly increased, while cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression was partially inhibited. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the biologically active fraction of PAZ (BaP) on the plasma lipid and plasma metabolomic profiles in diet induced hypercholesterolemic hamsters.

Methods

Fifty male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed …

The Effect Of Alpha-Cyclodextrin On Acute Blood Lipid And Glycemic Responses To A Fat Containg Meal, Evan Neil Fletcher

Wayne State University Theses

Obesity and hyperlipidemia have become major concerns in the United States over the past 30 years. Alpha-Cyclodextrin (á-CD), a naturally occurring soluble dietary fiber, has been shown to reduce dietary fat absorption and improve blood lipid levels in an animal model (mouse and rat) and in human studies. In the current double blind study, 34 healthy male and female participants were recruited to test if á-CD had any acute effect on blood lipid and glycemic responses to a fat containing meal. The participants received the á-CD on one occasion and a placebo the other to determine if there was any …

Effect Of Folate Deficiency And Aging On Mtor Signaling Network In The Liver Of Dna Polymerase B Haploinsufficient Mice, Amanda Lynn Arrabi

Wayne State University Theses

EFFECT OF FOLATE DEFICIENCY AND AGING ON mTOR SIGNALING NETWORK IN THE LIVER OF DNA POLYMERASE B HAPLOINSUFFICIENT MICE

by

AMANDA ARRABI

August 2013

Advisor: Dr. Ahmad R. Heydari

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Masters of Science

The interaction between the dietary nutrients and the human genome causes some alterations in the molecular pathways that could significantly impact the development of cancer. The main approach to such concerns is to closely observe how the diet modifies the gene expressions that control several cellular processes in the human body. Folate deficiency (FD) has established an important role in modulating the …

Antioxidant Properties Of Goji Berries, Jie Zhang

Wayne State University Theses

Antioxidants properties have been discussed for many years. Their benefits, especially for human health, have been more and more recommended and supported by nutritionists. It is necessary to obtain sufficient amounts of these compounds from dietary sources. Goji berries are particularly rich in antioxidants. Due to the roles they play in protecting the human body from oxidative damage, studies of the antioxidant absorption are more and more popular in recent years. In this study, the stability of antioxidant properties of goji berries was investigated. Sample of goji berry was tested for antioxidant properties via total phenolic content (TPC) assay, oxygen …