Nutrition Commons^™

Diabetes Management, University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This educational pamphlet provides information on diabetes management for young adults with type 2 diabetes. Healthy habits and environmental defaults are reviewed. Tips are provided to overcome unhealthy default behaviors through lifestyle improvements.

Metabolic Benefits Of Plant-Based N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On Brown Thermogenesis, Kyung Ho Park

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

There are two essential fatty acids for humans, a-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), which should be taken from foods to maintain health. Once incorporated into cells, ALA and LA, which are omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 PUFA respectively, undergo elongation and desaturation to generate longer and more unsaturated fatty acids influencing inflammation and immunological responses. Numerous studies showed a dietary reduction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio improves cardiovascular health, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Fish oil, the main resource for n-3 PUFA, is shown to increase these health benefits. In our lab, we investigated the efficacy …

Parenteral Lipids Shape Gut Bile Acid Pools And Microbiota Profiles In The Prevention Of Cholestasis In Preterm Pigs, Lee Call, Tiffany Molina, Barbara Stoll, Greg Guthrie, Shaji Chacko, Jogchum Plat, Jason Robinson, Sen Lin, Caitlin Vonderohe, Mahmoud Mohammad, Dennis Kunichoff, Stephanie Cruz, Patricio Lau, Muralidhar Premkumar, Jon Nielsen, Zhengfeng Fang, Oluyinka Olutoye, Thomas Thymann, Robert Britton, Per Sangild, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Multi-component lipid emulsions, rather than soy-oil emulsions, prevent cholestasis by an unknown mechanism. Here, we quantified liver function, bile acid pools, and gut microbial and metabolite profiles in premature parenterally fed pigs given a soy-oil lipid emulsion, Intralipid (IL), a multi component lipid emulsion, SMOFlipid (SMOF), a novel emulsion with a modified fatty-acid composition [experimental emulsion (EXP)], or a control enteral diet (ENT) for 22 days. We assayed serum cholestasis markers, measured total bile acid levels in plasma, liver, and gut contents, and analyzed colonic bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences and metabolomic profiles. Serum cholestasis markers (i.e., bilirubin, bile acids, …

Consumer Food Socialization In The School And Home, Ashley Deutsch Cermin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Consumer socialization literature has focused on individual socialization agents and their isolated effects. However, as John (1999) pointed out, children do not grow up in a social vacuum. Instead, the multitude of agents socializing children find their narratives interacting and their effects continually shaped and co-created. To understand how school-age children learn about food, I interrogate the complexity of socialization in three essays.

In the first essay, I take an ethnographic approach to investigate the interactive effect peers and adults, namely service workers, have on children’s food socialization in a public-school lunchroom. By combining a Loseke’s (2007) layered narrative model …

Effects Of Supplementing Crystalline L-Valine And L-Isoleucine And A Novel Threonine Biomass In Reduced Crude Protein Diets Fed To Broilers, Derrell Trevor Lee

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Poultry nutritionists continue to identify methods to lower feed price without compromising broiler growth performance, processing yields, or animal well-being. A common approach is to reduce dietary crude protein (CP), the second most expensive component in a broiler diet. Subsequently, reducing CP will reduce the inclusion levels of intact protein sources (e.g., soybean meal [SBM]), which can be accomplished by supplementing individual amino acids (AA). This methodology not only reduces diet cost, pending if feed-grade AA are more economical, but can contribute to improving broiler health and environmental sustainability. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to evaluate individual feed-grade AA in …

Effects Of Broccoli And Carrots On Fecal Microrna Expression In Infants: A Short-Term Feeding Study, Kaleigh E. Beane

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diets, through multiple mechanisms, cause significant impact on human health and disease etiology; proposed modes of action include modulation of non-coding RNAs and influences on the gut microbiome. Specifically, phytochemicals change human miRNA expression thereby impacting gut microbiome and/or increasing host immune functions. Apiaceous and cruciferous vegetables have been linked to decreased chronic inflammation, which is closely related with the host immune system, yet it is not investigated how these two classes of vegetables influence the colonic miRNA profile. In this study, therefore we aimed to determine the effects of short-term feeding of broccoli and carrot to infants on fecal …

Assessing Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitudes And Intention Among Adult Female Undergraduate And Graduate Students, Kritee Niroula

LSU Master's Theses

This study measured the breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention of adult female students of Louisiana State University. Participants (n=1039; mean age 20.12 ± 3.122 years) were recruited to complete the questionnaire. Racial/ethnic representation was White (76.1%), African American (14.3%), Asian (5.5%), American Indian/ Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander (0.8%) and Multi-racial (3.3%). The questionnaire was used to deliver a set of knowledge, attitude and intention items. Participants were evaluated based on their scores in each section. The questionnaire was pilot tested among five students for comprehensibility and understandability and necessary changes were made according to their suggestions. The …

Karakteristik Ibu Melahirkan Sectio Caesaria Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Di Rumah Sakit Profit X Di Sekitar Jakarta, Trisna Budy Widjayanti

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) memudahkan akses ibu melahirkan Sectio Caesaria (SC) di RS. Dalam tahun 2014-2017 persalinan SC menempati urutan 10 jumlah kasus dan klaim tertinggi. WHO menetapkan angka optimum SC sebesar 15% sebagai salah satu standar kualitas pelayanan persalinan ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan klinis dari ibu yang melahirkan SC yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan JKN di Rumah Sakit Profit (RSP) X di sekitar Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan total sampel sebanyak 385 ibu melahirkan SC yang diambil dari rekam medis pada periode januari 1- 31 Desember 2018. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan klinis …

Studi Tinjauan Pustaka: Risiko Kejadian Kanker Paru Pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru., Fariha Ramadhaniah, Syahrizal Syarif

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Indonesia merupakan satu dari lima negara di dunia dengan insiden kasus TB yang tinggi, sementara itu kanker paru di Indonesia merupakan kasus keganasan utama yang paling sering terjadi. Untuk melihat gambaran risiko kejadian kanker paru diantara penderita TB paru, dilakukan studi tinjauan pustaka pada sepuluh jurnal yang dipublikasikan melalui Pubmed pada tahun 2009-2019. Kriteria inklusi dalam pemilihan jurnal yaitu TB paru sebagai faktor risiko dan kanker paru primer sebagai outcome, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi adalah jurnal yang merupakan tinjauan pustaka sistematis, skrining, diagnosis, dan evaluasi hasil pengobatan yang berkaitan dengan infeksi TB dan kanker paru. Analisis deskriptif menunjukan subjek sebagian …

How Much Can Mexican Healthcare Providers Learn About Breastfeeding Through A Semi-Virtual Training? A Propensity Score Matching Analysis, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Meztli Moncada, Diana Flores

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Mexico has shown a worrisome decrease in breastfeeding indicators, especially in the lowest socioeconomic level. Improving breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support services through workforce development is a key area of intervention. The objective of this study is to assess the influence on breastfeeding knowledge and abilities of a semi-virtual training for primary healthcare providers assisting beneficiaries of PROSPERA in Mexico, which is one of the largest conditional cash-transfer programs in the world. Methods: Two independent cross-sectional samples of healthcare providers were drawn at baseline and post-intervention in three states of Mexico. Baseline data were collected among primary physicians, registered …

Alteration Of Iron Responsive Gene Expression In Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Loss Of Function Plants With Or Without Iron Stress, Ninghui Cheng, Han Yu, Xiaolan Rao, Sunghun Park, Erin L Connolly, Kendal D Hirschi, Paul A Nakata

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Iron (Fe) is a mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor essential for plants. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development, while excess iron inside plant cells leads to oxidative damage. As a result, plants have evolved complex regulatory networks to respond to fluctuations in cellular iron concentrations. The mechanisms that regulate these responses however, are not fully understood. Heterologous expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (GRXS17) suppresses the over-accumulation of iron in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx3/Grx4 mutant and disruption of GRXS17 causes plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and iron deficiency stress. GRXS17 may act …

Self-Efficacy And Psychosocial Considerations Of Obesity Risk Reduction Behaviors In Young Adult White Americans, Doreen Liou, Lauren Kulik

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

The obesity epidemic is a pervasive health issue affecting all population groups in developed countries. The purpose of this research was to ascertain obesity risk reduction behaviors and their psychosocial determinants in young adult Americans residing in New Jersey state. A cross-sectional survey design was implemented in which a convenience sample of 174 participants (18 to 40 years) completed a validated online self-administered questionnaire. Nineteen obesity risk reduction behaviors, self-efficacy and psychosocial constructs derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted using frequency distributions, t-tests and regression analysis. Regression analysis indicated that 37.5% of the …

Vitamin D Status Is Not Associated With Cognitive Or Motor Function In Pre-School Ugandan Children, Agnes M. Mutua, Margaret Nampijja, Alison M. Elliott, John M. Pettifor, Thomas N. Williams, Amina Abubakar, Emily L. Webb, Sarah H. Atkinson

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and young children are among the most affected groups. Animal studies suggest a key role for vitamin D in brain development. However, studies investigating the effects of vitamin D on neurobehavioural outcomes in children are inconclusive and evidence is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the effect of vitamin D status on cognitive and motor outcomes using prospective data from the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study birth cohort. We analysed data from 302 Ugandan children with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurements below five years and developmental measures at five years of age. We used multivariable …

Grains, Grasses, And Tubers: Staple Carbohydrates In The Diets Of Middle School Children Of Southern Zambia And Ethiopia, Brianna Juma

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

Purpose: Survey staple carbohydrate availability in local markets, complete anthropometric assessment, and interview primary school children about carbohydrate consumption in Southern Zambia and Ethiopia

Methods: Market inventories, anthropometric assessments, and interviews of 6th and 7th grade students

Results: Ethiopians have a greater diversity of available carbohydrates, have better overall anthropometric values compared to Zambian children, and consume more nutritious and varied carbohydrate types.

Conclusions: Diversity in carbohydrate availability and consumption, as well as more nutritious options, are associated with healthier growth rates among primary school children in Southern regions of Zambia and Ethiopia.

Broccoli, Lisa Lewis, Emily Morales, Heidi Leblanc

All Current Publications

This guide to eating, selecting, cooking, and storing broccoli.

Green Beans, Lisa Lewis, Emily Morales, Heidi Leblanc

All Current Publications

This guide to eating, selecting, cooking, and storing green beans.

Beets, Janet Smith, Anita Raddatz, Heidi Leblanc

All Current Publications

This publication is part of the Food Sense Guide to Eating Fresh Fruits and Vegetables and includes information on selecting, preparing, cooking, and storing beets.

Peas, Darlene Christensen

All Current Publications

This publication is part of the Guide to Eating Fresh Fruits and Vegetables and includes information on seasonal availability, eating, storing, and cooking peas.

Cilantro, Amanda Christensen

All Current Publications

This publication is part of the Create Better Health Guide to Eating Healthy and includes tips on selecting, growing, preparing, and storing cilantro.

Banana, Marie Stosich, Emily Morales, Heidi Leblanc

All Current Publications

This publication guide to eating, selecting, cooking, and storing bananas.