Kinesiology Commons^™

Relationship Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Whole Body Bone Mineral Density, Human Growth Hormone, And Leptin In Women, Benjamin A. Ramirez, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The benefits of structured exercise on bone health have been well documented. However, less understood is the influence of leisure-time physical activity (LA) on BMD. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between LA, whole body BMD, and serum levels of human growth hormone (HGH) and leptin. METHODS: One hundred two apparently healthy, premenopausal women (Mean ± SD Age: 43.1 ± 4.5 y; BMI: 26.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2; body fat: 41.6 ± 7.9 %) participated in the study. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was quantified as total minutes of moderate to vigorous activity and then participants were …

A Comparison Of Adaptations Via Either A Linear Periodization Or An Undulating Periodization Model Of Weight Training, Morgan Lewing, Colin Wilborn, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Resistance training has been proven to have a positive impact on parameters such as muscular strength, hypertrophy and endurance. Periodization is a progressive mode of training that has been shown to illicit greater results than programs that stay consistent throughout. The two prime modes of periodization are linear (LP), which progresses from high volume/low intensity to low volume/high intensity, and undulating (UP) which follows an oscillating volume/intensity design. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 12 week linear program to those from an undulating program on strength and body composition when both programs reflect …

Partial Weightbearing At 1/6 And 1/3 G Does Not Prevent Deleterious Changes In Bone Observed With Traditional Tail Suspension (0 G), Sarah Luna, Josh Swift, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, M Lucas, Florence Lima, Liz Greene, Harry Hogan, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effect of partial gravity (G) (as on the Lunar surface) on weight bearing bone remains undefined; a new model (the partial G mouse) provides for graded reductions in weight bearing. We hypothesized that mice exposed to 1/6th G and 1/3rd G (to mimic Lunar weightbearing with full spacesuit) will experience significant reductions in cortical and cancellous bone mass as compared to ambulatory control animals but that the magnitude of these changes would be less than in 0 G mice. Methods: Fifty-eight BALB/cBy female mice were randomly assigned to cage control (1G), “zero-gravity” hindlimb unloaded (0G), 1/6th gravity (G/6), or …

Identifying Central Patterns Of Motor Control In Pathological Gait, John S. Ward

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The central pattern generator (CPG) for walking is an open loop system that drives lower limb movements in a relatively rhythmic fashion once motion has started with minimal need for additional afferent input. The role of the CPG in the pathological gait of Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (ISCI) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has not been studied thoroughly. Understanding how the CPG contributes to motor control in these special populations will serve as a standard upon which to compare new treatments to improve gait function. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of CPG patterns in individuals …

The Impact Of Latent Herpesvirus Infections On The Mobilization Of Recent Thymic Emigrants And Extrathymic T-Cells In Response To Acute Aerobic Exercise In Man, Jerrald L. Rector, Guillaume Spielmann, Austin J. Bigley, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

T-cells typically mature in the thymus gland, which eventually succumbs to age-related atrophy, resulting in a decreased naïve T-cell repertoire in middle to later years. Aged individuals and those with persistently reactivating herpesvirus infections have an increased reliance on the extrathymic maturation of T-cells due to the shrinking effects that age and latent viral infection has on the naïve T-cell repertoire. Acute bouts of aerobic exercise are known to mobilize T-cells that exhibit both a naïve and late-stage differentiation phenotype into the blood compartment; however, it is not known if recent thymic emigrants (RTE) or extrathymic T-cells contribute to the …

The Impact Of Latent Cmv Infection On Nk-Cell Mobilization And Expression Of Klrg1 And Cd57 In Response To Acute Exercise., Austin B. Bigley, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effectors of the innate immune system that are able to distinguish healthy autologous cells from tumors and virally infected cells. NK-cells kill the targeted cells by releasing cytotoxic proteins, a process that is governed by inhibitory surface receptors, such as KLRG1. Additionally, activated NK-cells are able to proliferate in response to immunological stimuli, a process that is inhibited in NK-cells expressing the senescence marker CD57. Acute bouts of exercise are known to mobilize NK cells into the blood compartment, which could alter immunity; however, whether or not exercise alters NK-cell KLRG1 and CD57 expression …

Serum Il-6 Is Increased During Performance Cycling After Energy Drink Consumption, Jonathan Woodson, Melody Phillips, Jacob Ross, Kelyn Rola, Kenneth Christensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Energy Drinks (ED) have become popular preexercise supplements due to the stimulant effects of their ingredients such as caffeine. Other ingredients including carbohydrate (CHO), glucuronolactone and taurine may also contribute to performance enhancement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of energy drink consumption on cycling performance, substrate oxidation and immune-related variables. Methods: This study was a blinded, randomized, cross-over design with 3 experimental conditions. Eleven trained male cyclists (mean age 33.4±8.9 yr, body mass 81±7.6 kg, VO2max 51.72±3.4 ml*kg-1*min-1) consumed 3 different 500 ml beverages: 1) Energy Drink (ED1- 2.0g taurine, 1.2 g glucoronolactone, 160 …

Reliability And Validity Of An Electronic Inclinometer (Ei) And Standard Goniometer (Sg) For Measuring The Q-Angle In 2 Different Positions In A Sample Of Women, Emerenciana S. Ferro

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The Q-angle is formed by the longitudinal axis of the femur and the line of pull of the patellar ligament. Possible larger Q-angles may be linked with patellofemoral pain. The reliability and concurrent validity of the EI and the SG has also not been investigated for measurement of the Q-angle.

Purposes: To determine the intra- and inter-tester reliability of Q-angle measurements in the supine and standing positions and concurrent validity between these tools. Methods: Two testers (an experienced physical therapist (PT) and a novice PT student) measured participants’ Q-angles (32 women; 19 to 35 years) using the EI and …

Accuracy Of Rt3 Accelerometer And Sensewear Armband To Estimate Free-Living Energy Expenditure, Elisabeth I. Cavegn, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Devices that estimate energy expenditure (EE), such as the RT3 accelerometer and the SenseWear (SW) Armband, are a convenient way to assess free-living activity, as they store multiple days of data. Purpose: This study evaluated the ability of the RT3 accelerometer and the SW Armband to accurately estimate the total EE of adults under free-living conditions compared to indirect calorimetry (IC). Methods: A total of three men and six women [mean (SD) age: 30.9 (16.6) y; height: 168.3 (10.2) cm; body mass: 64.2 (10.4) kg; BMI: 22.5 (1.8) kg/m2] participated in this study. Each participant wore the RT3 accelerometer at …

Walking Class Step Average, Step Intensity, Distance Covered And Leisure Physical Activity Of College Students, Kimberly D. Tallent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stepping levels in and outside of a prescribed walking class and leisure time physical activity (PA) of college students. METHOD. Participants in the study were twenty three male (n = 9) and female (n = 14) enrolled in a walking class that met Monday through Friday for five weeks during the summer. Students completed the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at the beginning and end of the course and followed the prescribed walking times during class. Step counts were ascertained both in and outside …

Estimating Percent Body Fat In Disabled Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study, Becky Garner, Judy R. Wilson, Abu Yilla, Mark Ricard, Brad Heddins, Barry Mckeown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Accurate and simple to administer field methods that currently exist tend to underestimate values when used to determine percent body fat (%BF) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This group of people is more prone to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as other secondary conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three methods of measuring body composition as compared to total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. These three methods included air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod), hydrostatic weighing (HW) and seven site skinfold (SKF) measurement as recommended by the American College of …

Endurance Exercise Training Effects On Body Fatness, Vo2max Hdl-C Subfractions, And Glucose Tolerance Are Influenced By A Plin Haplotype In Older Caucasians, Nathan T. Jenkins, Jennifer A. Mckenzie, Coleen M. Damcott, Sarah Witkowski, James M. Hagberg

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Perilipins are lipid droplet-coating proteins that regulate intracellular lipolysis in adipocytes. A haplotype of two perilipin gene (PLIN) single nucleotide polymorphisms, 13041A>G and 14995A>>T, has been previously associated with obesity risk. Furthermore, the available data indicate that this association may be modified by sex. We hypothesized that this haplotype would associate with body fatness, aerobic fitness, and a number of cardiovascular (CV) risk factor phenotypes before and after a 6-mo endurance exercise training program in sedentary older Caucasians. The major haplotype group (13041A/14995A; n = 57) had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and body fatness compared with …

Improved Dietary Variety And Adequacy But Lower Dietary Moderation With Acculturation In Chinese Women In The United States, Amy Liu, Zekarias Berhane, Marilyn Tseng

Kinesiology and Public Health

Acculturation is associated with increased chronic disease risk among Asian Americans, but its association with different aspects of diet quality remains unclear. Associations of acculturation with diet quality were examined in a convenience sample of 243 Chinese participants in a study of diet and mammographic density in the Philadelphia region between January 2002 to May 2003. An acculturation index was created based on self-reported English proficiency and within-and cross-ethnicity social interactions. Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) scores were based on responses to an 88-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) for falling into a higher vs lower quartile for DQI-I and …

The Effects Of Theaflavin-Enriched Black Tea Extract On Muscle Soreness, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, And Endocrine Responses To Acute Anaerobic Interval Training: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study, Shawn M. Arent, Meghan Senso, Devon L. Golem, Kenneth H. Mckeever

Faculty Publications

Background: Muscle soreness and decreased performance often follow a bout of high-intensity exercise. By reducing these effects, an athlete can train more frequently and increase long-term performance. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a high-potency, black tea extract (BTE) alters the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), oxidative stress, inflammation, and cortisol (CORT) responses to high-intensity anaerobic exercise.Methods: College-age males (N = 18) with 1+ yrs of weight training experience completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Subjects consumed the BTE (1,760 mg BTE·d-1) or placebo (PLA) for 9 days. Each subject completed two testing sessions (T1 and T2), …

A Comparison Of Three Computer-Based Methods Used To Determine Emg Signal Amplitude, Doug Renshaw*, Matthew R. Bice†, Camille Cassidy‡, James A. Eldridge‡, Douglas W. Powell‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Electromyography is a commonly used method to determine relative effort and neuromuscular drive to skeletal muscle. A limitation of the interpretation of EMG within the literature is the many methods used to determine the intensity of muscle activation. In the current study, ten healthy young adults performed a level walking task while EMG was recorded from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and fibularis longus. The EMG data were rectified and smoothed using the root mean squared (RMS). Peak RMS (pRMS), mean RMS (mRMS) and integrated EMG (iEMG) were normalized to the peak value within the subject and were used to …

Communicator, Feb. 2010, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 22, Issue 3

A Remote Markerless Human Gait Tracking For E-Healthcare Based On Content-Aware Wireless Multimedia Communications, Haiyan Luo, Song Ci, Dalei Wu, Nikolaos Stergiou, Ka-Chun Siu

Journal Articles

Remote human motion tracking and gait analysis over wireless networks can be used for various e-healthcare systems for fast medical prognosis and diagnosis. However, most existing gait tracking systems rely on expensive equipment and take lengthy processes to collect gait data in a dedicated biomechanical environment, limiting their accessibility to small clinics located in remote areas. In this work we propose a new accurate and cost-effective e­ healthcare system for fast human gait tracking over wireless networks, where gait data can be collected by using advanced video content analysis techniques with low-cost cameras in a general clinic environment. Furthermore, based …

Pregnancy: A "Teachable Moment" For Weight Control And Obesity Prevention, Suzanne Phelan

Kinesiology and Public Health

Excessive gestational weight gain has been shown to relate to high-postpartum weight retention and the development of overweight and obesity later in life. Because many women are concerned about the health of their babies during pregnancy and are in frequent contact with their healthcare providers, pregnancy may be an especially powerful "teachable moment" for the promotion of healthy eating and physical activity behaviors among women. Initial research suggests that helping women gain the recommended amount during pregnancy through healthy eating and physical activity could make a major contribution to the prevention of postpartum weight retention. However, more randomized controlled trials …

Acute Exercise In Vietnam Veterans Is Associated With Positive Subjective Experiences, Rebecca M. Sealey†

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 36-42, 2010. A person’s subjective experience to their first exercise session is likely to influence their long-term adherence to regular exercise. The aim of the current pilot study therefore is to quantify the subjective exercise experience of previously sedentary Vietnam War Veterans undertaking an initial bout of one of three different exercise interventions. Thirty-two Vietnam Veterans presenting with one or more chronic diseases/conditions participated in one of three acute exercise bouts: 1) lower-body vibration, upper-body resistance and stretching (WBVT); 2) lower-body vibration, upper-body resistance, aerobic exercise and stretching (WBVT+CV); and 3) full-body resistance, aerobic exercise …

Independent Multiple Correlates Of Post-Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure Recovery In Healthy Adults, Uchechukwu Dimkpa†, Andrew Ugwu‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 25-35, 2010. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the independent relationships of systolic blood pressure recovery (SBPR) with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate (HR), physical activity, and cigarette smoking in healthy adults. Subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise at progressive incremental workloads until subjects reached 80% of their age-predicted maximum HR. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before exercise (after 10 and 15 minutes of rest), during exercise (at 2-minute intervals), immediately after exercise (within the first minute) and subsequently at 2-minute intervals until recovery to baseline. …