Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Energy Drinks On Performance During A Submaximal Exercise Test, Christine Hernandez

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Introduction: Energy Drinks are beverages that imply revitalization of the mind and body, enhancement for better performance in sports, and the stimulation of the body by boosting the energy levels. Generally, energy drinks are consumed in order to enhance the quality of performance in exercise and to boost their energy levels on performance. These beverages claim to impact exercise and enhance the body’s physiological responses.

The Benefits Of Motor Imagery On Upper Limb Strength, Janet Pacheco

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Motor Imagery (MI) is a dynamic state in which an individual mentally stimulates a given action, without an actual motor output. The primary function is to allow the individual to generate a specific predetermined and possible outcome based on past experiences. A generous portion of MI research is primarily focused on rehabilitation rather than a strength training setting. In many cases when a patient is unable to execute a physical movement, the next most relevant scenario is to visualize the execution of that specific movement. Research suggests an increase in strength may be due to an improvement of the motor …

Effects Of Caffeine On Athletic Performance, Natasha Hernandez

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Caffeine is considered the most widely used stimulant in the world. According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) the average consumption of caffeine in the USA is approximately 2 cups of coffee per day (200 mg). Caffeine is often referred to as a nutritional ergogenic aid, but it has no nutritional value. Caffeine that is ingested is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and peaks in the blood within the first two hours. Caffeine has the potential to affect all systems of the body, as it is absorbed by most tissue. The remaining caffeine is broken down in …

Pre-Cooling Interventions And The Physiological Effects With Intermittent-Sprinting, Josue Flores

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

BACKGROUND: Thermoregulation is stated as the potential of an organism to sustain a core body temperature within parameters, as external and internal temperatures are constantly fluctuating from day to day. Exercise, illnesses or intense external conditions are factors that cause elevated core body temperature that can disrupt cellular activity. Literature has shown that in order for the body to allow for physiological processes to occur efficiently it is necessary to be in a homeothermic state. The hypothalamus is the prime mechanism that regulates the core body temperature to maintain it within a normal resting range of 97.0-100.0 ˚F. Hence, the …

The Effects Of Chocolate Milk On Recovery From Exercise, David Salib

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Introduction: Exercise is commonly followed by fatigue which an athlete usually tries to minimize with the intake of protein supplements and high protein diets. The fatigue felt by the athlete can have an effect on his or her ability to perform at the same level while focusing on similar muscle groups. Increasing protein intake speeds up the recovery process of the muscles used during exercise, and measurements such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) can be used to determine whether or not the athlete can perform exercise at the same level of intensity while targeting the same muscle groups. The VO2max …

Effects Of Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation On Knee Joint Stabilization, Marian Abowd

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Electrical stimulation has traditionally been used in rehabilitation settings for neuromuscular reeducation and to reverse the adverse effects of muscle atrophy. However a more functional form of stimulation, known as patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation (PENS), has recently been developed to replicate typical firing patterns of muscles. There has been evidence to suggest that receiving this treatment while performing exercises may have the potential to improve functional performance in healthy individuals. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of patterned electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) treatment applied during a step-up exercise on knee stabilization during resisted strength …

The “Pre-Workout” Effect, Mario Arciniega

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: The consumption of Jack3D along with various other pre-workout supplements before a workout has become more than just the norm in the fitness world. However, are the products as effective as they are marketed to be? A one repetition max test can easily measure the strength of an individual and can be used as a tool in exercise prescription for resistance training. A one repetition max test is performed in three to four lifts and allows the individual to view their maximum load capability for a particular muscle group. The use of these measurement scales, perceived rate of focus …

The Effect Of Warm-Up Techniques On Foot, Ankle And Lower Leg Stability In A College-Age Population, S Laine

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Common warm-up techniques attempt to prepare the body for tasks that may require higher physiological response. The increase in temperature with warm-ups tends to speed nerve conduction velocity, attenuate muscle spindle sensitivity, and decrease tissue stiffness. Passive (hot pack or massage) or active (low intensity aerobic) warm ups that target the specific joint or muscle may be more effective than general body warm-ups. Localized hot pack application and joint mobilizations may better stimulate musculotendinous tissue thereby allowing more effective preparation for tasks that require a high neurological response.

High-Intensity Tasks With External Load In Military Applications: A Review, Eric K. O'Neal, Jared H. Hornsby, Kyle J. Kelleran

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This article provides a synopsis of the limited investigations examining the impact of external load (EL) on performance of high-intensity tasks under load (HITL), EL training intervention effects on HITL performance, and injuries from EL training. Repetitive lifting tasks and initiation of locomotion, such as rapidly moving from a prone position to sprinting appear to be more hindered by EL than maximal sprinting velocity and may explain why training with EL does not improve obstacle course or prolonged (200-300 yard shuttle) drills. EL training appears to offer very little if any benefit for HITL in lesser trained populations. This contrast …

Isokinetic Fatigue Characteristics For The Leg Extensors Versus Flexors, Elias M. Carrillo, Matt S. Stock, Jacob A. Mota, Kendra D. Olinghouse, Alexander S. Drusch, Brennan J. Thompson

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Maximal isokinetic muscle actions are often used in research studies to examine fatigability and even estimate muscle fiber-type. However, the majority of previous investigations have examined these topics for the leg extensors (i.e., quadriceps), and we are unaware of investigations that have specifically assessed the fatigue characteristics for the flexors (i.e., hamstrings). The purpose of this study was to compare the percent decline values for the leg extensors versus flexors for 50 and 100 repeated, maximal concentric isokinetic muscle actions. Fifteen healthy men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 3 years; body mass = 94.1 ± 11.9 kg) with …

The Effects Of Aerobic And Muscular Endurance Based Resistance Exercises On The Cardiorespiratory System In College Age Females, Victoria Streif

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory response in college age females, between the ages of 19 and 24, before and after participating in a six week moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise program compared to a six week moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise program combined with a muscular endurance based resistance training program. Specifically, which mode of exercise has the most significant effect on cardiorespiratory fitness? Methods: Twelve sedentary college age females between the ages of 19 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.9 years, participated in the study. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: …

A Qualitative Study Exploring Women’S Beliefs About Physical Activity After Stillbirth, Jennifer Huberty, Jason Coleman, Katherine Rolfsmeyer, Serena Wu

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Research provides strong evidence for improvements in depressive symptoms as a result of physical activity participation in many populations including pregnant and post-partum women. Little is known about how women who have experienced stillbirth (defined as fetal death at 20 or more weeks of gestation) feel about physical activity or use physical activity following this experience. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore women’s beliefs about physical activity following a stillbirth.

Methods: This was an exploratory qualitative research study. Participants were English-speaking women between the ages of 19 and 44 years who experienced a stillbirth …

Comparing Distance-Based Vs. Time-Based Exercise Prescriptions Of Walking And Running For Improvement Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Cody Edward Morris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The many benefits of participation in a regular physical activity program are well-documented (Haskell et al., 2007; Pate et al., 1995). Brisk walking and jogging are commodes of exercise that is easily measured and evaluated by a self-report method that is comin both clinical and research settings. Some research has suggested that walking for distance as opposed to walking for time may be a stronger predictor of overall amount of accumulated exercise or physical activity (Williams, 2012a). To our knowledge, research has not been conducted directly comparing a distance-based versus time-based brisk walking prescription for the improvement of cardiovascular risk …

Planned Missing Data Designs & Small Sample Size: How Small Is Too Small?, Fan Jia, E. Whitney G. Moore, Richard Kinai, Kelly S. Crowe, Alexander M. Schoemann, Todd D. Little

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Utilizing planned missing data (PMD) designs (ex. 3-form surveys) enables researchers to ask participants fewer questions during the data collection process. An important question, however, is just how few participants are needed to effectively employ planned missing data designs in research studies. This paper explores this question by using simulated three-form planned missing data to assess analytic model convergence, parameter estimate bias, standard error bias, mean squared error (MSE), and relative efficiency (RE).Three models were examined: a one-time point, cross-sectional model with 3 constructs; a two-time point model with 3 constructs at each time point; and a three-time point, mediation …

Psychometric Support For The Ownership In Exercise And Empowerment In Exercise Scales, E. Whitney G. Moore, Mary D. Fry

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

This study’s purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of two new scales developed to quantitatively measure participants’ ownership in exercise classes and empowerment with respect to exercise. These two outcome measures will compliment Achievement Goal Perspective Theory (AGPT) grounded research to better understand participants’ exercise experiences. College exercise class participants (N = 414; M_age = 21.25 years; 67% female) completed the survey during the last two weeks of a semester. Measurement invariance was assessed by a two-group (i.e., male and female) confirmatory factor analysis and used Mplus’ cluster option to account for the data’s nested nature. Strong …

A Method To Optimize A Typology-Based Classification System, Christopher Schnitzler, James Croft, Chris Button, Mats Ulmers, Keith Davids

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study sought to provide guidelines for implementing typology-based qualitative analysis of human movement patterns. Fifteen participant-analysts were instructed how to classify treading water behaviours into eight different categories using a training set of videos. They were later provided with two additional sets of videos called validation, and test sets. Results first identified reliable (n=9), and not reliable (n=6) analysts. A decision study outlined that one analyst was sufficient to reliably categorize the behaviours in the 'reliable' analyst group, whereas up to four were necessary in the 'unreliable' group. These data provided new insights into more objective qualitative analysis methods …

Leg Strength And Lean Mass Symmetry Influences Kicking Performance In Australian Football, Nicolas H. Hart, Sophia Nimphius, Tania Spiteri, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Differential loading patterns during game-based participation may produce or exacerbate strength imbalances between the lower limbs. It is currently unknown whether such imbalances are functionally beneficial or detrimental to performance. This study assessed the influence of lower limb strength and lean mass symmetry on kicking accuracy in Australian Football. Thirty-one Australian footballers were required to perform a kicking assessment, producing ten drop punt kicks over twenty metres to a player target. Athletes were subsequently separated into accurate (n = 15) and inaccurate (n = 16) groups, with lower-body lean mass assessed using whole body DXA scans, and lower-body strength assessed …

Comparison Of Automated Event Detection Algorithms In Pathological Gait, Dustin A. Bruening, Sarah Trager Ridge

Faculty Publications

Accurate automated event detection is important in increasing the efficiency and utility of instrumented gait analysis. Published automated event detection algorithms, however, have had limited testing on pathological populations, particularly those where force measurements are not available or reliable. In this study we first postulated robust definitions of gait events that were subsequently used to compare kinematic based event detection algorithms across difficult pathologies. We hypothesized that algorithm accuracy would vary by gait pattern, and that accurate event detection could be accomplished by first visually classifying the gait pattern, and subsequently choosing the most appropriate algorithm. Nine published kinematic event …

Biomechanics Of Slips In Alternative Footwear, Harish Chander

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Injuries in the workplace pose a significant burden to the health of human beings as well as financial or economic losses to occupational organizations. Slips, trips and an induced loss of balance have been identified as the major causative factor for workplace injuries involving falls (Courtney et al, 2001; Redfern et al, 2001). The bureau of labor statistics reported 15% of a total of 4,693 workplace fatalities and a total of 299,090 cases of non-fatal workplace injuries that were due to slips, trips and falls (BLS, 2011). The purpose of the study was to analyze the biomechanics of human locomotion …

Changes In Predicted Muscle Coordination With Subject-Specific Muscle Parameters For Individuals After Stroke, Brian A. Knarr, Darcy S. Reiman, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, Jill S. Higginson

Journal Articles

Muscle weakness is commonly seen in individuals after stroke, characterized by lower forces during a maximal volitional contraction. Accurate quantification of muscle weakness is paramount when evaluating individual performance and response to after stroke rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of subject-specific muscle force and activation deficits on predicted muscle coordination when using musculoskeletal models for individuals after stroke. Maximum force generating ability and central activation ratio of the paretic plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, and quadriceps muscle groups were obtained using burst superimposition for four individuals after stroke with a range of walking speeds. Two models …