Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Jaw Clenching, Jaw Alignment Via Performance Mouthpiece, And The Combination Of Both On Power And Force Production, Charles Allen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Jaw clenching has been demonstrated to elicit concurrent activation potentiation (CAP), which is the ergogenic advantage of increased prime mover muscular force production during physical activity. Further, jaw aligning mouthpieces have been shown to improve the force production capabilities of individuals with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and are purported to have similar effects on persons without symptoms of TMD. Previous research examining these phenomena has focused solely on jaw alignment via mouthpiece use or jaw clenching as mutually exclusive factors explaining the reported performance benefits. However, these factors do not appear to be mutually exclusive. No previously published investigations have …

Motor Learning Effects Of Two Types Of Stressors: Implications For Practice Specificity, Christopher Adam Aiken

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Various types of stress have been found to have both positive and negative effects on motor performance (Szalma & Hancock, 2011; Van Gemmert & Van Galen, 1997). One potential explanation for these diverse findings is that stress increases the amount of neuromotor noise in the system (Van Gemmert, 1997). Low levels of stress may have an activating effect on the system which may improve motor performance whereas larger levels of stress decrease motor performance. Research has also suggested that increases in stress increase effort (Hockey, 1997) which may in turn facilitate motor learning (Lee, Swinnen, & Serrien, 1994). The primary …

Principal Motives Of Positive Youth-Adult Relationships: A Model For Identifying The Motives Of Adult Volunteers And Youth-Adult Relationships In Physical Activity-Based Youth Development Programs, Stephanie Marie Goudeau

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The field of positive youth development has evolved in response to the growing effort to provide youth with safe and healthful activities during leisure time. Physical activity-based youth development programs (PA-based YDPs) utilize a range of individual and team sports and physical activities as tools to simultaneously teach character development and physical skills for the acquisition of life skills. The intentional focus on positive youth development provides a suitable context for the development of a youth-adult relationship (YAR). The bonding between a youth and adult is critical to the development of adaptive responses and life skills which ultimately impact the …

Pericyte Nf-Κb Activation Enhances Endothelial Cell Proliferation And Proangiogenic Cytokine Secretion In Vitro, Katherine E. Labarbera, Robert D. Hyldahl, Kevin S. O'Fallon, Priscilla M. Clarkson, Sarah Witkowski

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Pericytes are skeletal muscle resident, multipotent stem cells that are localized to the microvasculature. In vivo, studies have shown that they respond to damage through activation of nuclear-factor kappa-B (NF-κB), but the downstream effects of NF-κB activation on endothelial cell proliferation and cell– cell signaling during repair remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine pericyte NF-κB activation in a model of skeletal muscle damage; and use genetic manipulation to study the effects of changes in pericyte NF-κB activation on endothelial cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. We utilized scratch injury to C2C12 cells in coculture with human primary …

A Methodology For Physically-Based Contact And Meniscus Properties In Rigid-Body Computational Knee Modeling, Stephen Wilson

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Determining natural inner knee mechanics is a longstanding goal for researchers with applications to prevention and treatment of knee trauma and osteoarthritis. Physical testing has only provided limited information of knee mechanics due to technical challenges and cost. Modeling has been used for decades to obtain some of this otherwise inaccessible information, and recently finite element analysis (FEA) has become a popular means to this end. However, FEA requires time intensive mesh-creation and has large computational requirements. Ideally, model creation should be easy and simulations should be fast to allow for sensitivity analysis. Although allowing easier model creation and offering …

Effects Of Obesity On Slip-Related Falls Among Young Adults During Gait, Jae Eun Kim

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Falls present serious medical, health, and societal challenges to not only the frail elderly or individuals with mobility disorders; but also the active and vigorous older adults. Slip-related falls account for about 40% of all falls among older adults. Individuals with obesity are subject to an elevated risk of falls associated with muscle weakness, abnormal body mass distribution, and postural instability. Dynamic gait stability has been identified as a key factor leading to falls after a slip during gait. Despite individuals with obesity suffer higher risk of falls compared to their lean counterparts, no study has investigated how the dynamic …

Effects Of Controlled Whole-Body Vibration Training On Reducing Risk Of Falls Among Young Adults With Obesity, Jose Jesus Munoz

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Among people with obesity, several factors increase the risk of falls: an abnormal body mass distribution, muscle weakness, and postural instability. Although standard exercise-based training could change these factors, a significant portion of people with obesity may be unable or unwilling to comply with long duration and high intensity training programs. Therefore, alternative training methods are highly demanded. Growing evidence supports that controlled whole-body vibration (CWBV) training can reduce risk of falls among older adults. No study has yet investigated the potential effect of CWBV training on reducing risk of falls among obese populations. The purpose of this study …

Associations Between Measures Of Obesity And Arterial Stiffness Of Young Hispanic Men, Maria Perez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Arterial stiffness and obesity are independent predictors of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality; however, there is conflicting evidence for the association between arterial stiffness and obesity. Arterial stiffness research of young Hispanic males is limited. PURPOSE: To examine the association between measures of obesity and peripheral and aortic stiffness of young Hispanic men. METHODS: All data are expressed as mean ± SD. Participants were 23 non-obese (nOB; BMI 25.87±3.09 kg/m2) and 21 obese (OB: BMI 35.42±4.87 kg/m2) young Hispanic men (age range 18–25 years). Measures of obesity included body fat percentage, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip …

Water Treadmill Versus Land Treadmill Training Effects On Leg Strength And Cardiovascular Endurance, Michelle E. Hudson Ms.

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Underwater treadmill running can be used as a means of reducing musculoskeletal loading while maintaining a training intensity equal to that of land running. A variety of cardiovascular benefits are seen in water running, such as greater increases in stroke volume and cardiac output than on land. Additionally, increased drag while water running can significantly improve force production. PURPOSE: To investigate if differences exist between underwater treadmill and land treadmill running on leg strength and cardiovascular endurance through a case study of two 22 year old sedentary males. METHODS: An 8-week aerobic training program was designed incorporating water …

The Acute Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Durations On Arterial Compliance In Recreationally Active Males, Joe Angel Lopez

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the acute effects of different aerobic exercise durations on large (LAC) and small (SAC) arterial compliance, 2) examine the acute effects of different aerobic exercise durations on central pulse wave velocity (cPWV), peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV), Aortic Index (AIx), and 3) to examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise durations on hemodynamics.

METHODS: Eighteen male subjects (age= 23.4±2.0) performed a maximal aerobic stress test (Bruce protocol) in order to estimate VO2max. Participants were required to meet in the lab fasted for at least 8 hours for three …

The Acute Effects Of Different Warm-Up Techniques Of Power Output, Agility, And Flexibility In Athletes, Kristopher Manuel Nava

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Purpose: The purpose of this study is: 1) To determine which warm-up technique (general warm-up (GW), dynamic warm-up (DW), weighted vest warm-up using body weight percentage [VW], and elastic exercise band training system warm-up [EEBTSW]) will provide the best and longest effect on athletes’ performance regarding power output, agility, and flexibility. 2) To compare if there are any differences in power output, agility, and flexibility when using different resistance protocols (VW and EEBTSW) as warm-up techniques. 3) To determine which warm-up will benefit the athletes’ performance. 4) To compare the hemodynamic responses to different warm-up techniques.

Methods: Thirty-one male (age= …

Mcnair Research Journal - Summer 2015, Kelly Abuali, Starr Bailey, Krystal Courtney D. Belmonte, Brittaney Benson-Townsend, Jennifer Bolick, Mihaela A. Ciulei, Ashley Crisp, Daniel N. Erosa, Richard V. Foster, Gisele Braga Goertz, Michael A. Langhardt, Kara Osborne, Julienne Jochel Paraiso, Shawn M. Rosen, Bella V. Smith, Jeevake Attapattu, Ernesto H. Bedoy, Michael G. Curtis, Wanda Inthavong, Marielle Leo, Primrose Martin, Tamieka Meadows, Rosa Perez, Jessica Recarey, Shea Silver, Linda Tompkins

McNair Journal

Journal articles based on research conducted by undergraduate students in the McNair Scholars Program

Table of Contents

Biography of Dr. Ronald E. McNair

Statements:

Dr. Neal J. Smatresk, UNLV President

Dr. Juanita P. Fain, Vice President of Student Affairs

Dr. William W. Sullivan, Associate Vice President for Retention and Outreach

Mr. Keith Rogers, Deputy Executive Director of the Center for Academic Enrichment and Outreach

McNair Scholars Institute Staff

Trunk Postural Control In Unstable Sitting: Effect Of Sex And Low Back Pain Status, Christian Larivière, Dany H. Gagnon, Hakim Mecheri

Études primaires

Background

Adequate neuromuscular control of the lumbar spine is required to prevent lumbar injuries. A trunk postural control test protocol, controlling for the influence of body size on performance, was implemented to carry out between-subject comparisons. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sex and low back pain status with the use of two measures of trunk postural control, the first based on chair motion, and the second based on trunk motion.

Methods

Thirty-six subjects (with and without low back pain) performed three 60-s trunk postural control trials with their eyes closed while seated on an …

Investigating The Effects Of Alternative Footwear On Balance, David S. May

Honors Theses

Falls are one of the leading causes of injuries and unintentional deaths in the United States, with 27,800 fatalities attributed to falls in 2012 (National Safety Council, 2014). With two thirds of our body mass located two thirds of our body height above the ground, humans require constant work from balance control systems to prevent these falls (Winter, 1995). Because shoes can alter somatosensory input from the mechanoreceptors on the bottom of the foot and affect these balance control systems (Menant et al, 2008), they must be taken into account when looking into the causes of falls. Traditional footwear designs …

Effects Of Upper Body Hiit Training On Recreationally Trained Wheelchair Athletes, Tayler Elizondo

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

Spatiotemporal Changes Posttreatment In Peripheral Arterial Disease, Sara A. Myers, Neil B. Huben, Jennifer M. Yentes, John D. Mccamley, Elizabeth E. Lyden, Iraklis I. Pipinos, Jason M. Johanning

Journal Articles

Accumulating evidence suggests revascularization of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) limbs results in limited improvement in functional gait parameters, suggesting underlying locomotor system pathology. Spatial and temporal (ST) gait parameters are well studied in patients with PAD at baseline and are abnormal when compared to controls. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and critically analyze the available data on ST gait parameters before and after interventions. A full review of literature was conducted and articles were included which examined ST gait parameters before and after intervention (revascularization and exercise). Thirty-three intervention articles were identified based on 154 articles …

The Effects Of Muscle Cross-Sectional Area On The Physical Working Capacity At The Fatigue Threshold, Meghan B. Barry, Jorge M. Zuniga, Makenna M. Brown, William M. Garnett, Zachary V. Hadden, Paul K. Nguyen, Geoffrey A. Supplee, Claire J. Svobada

Journal Articles

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dominant quadriceps muscle in the assessment of the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT) during incremental cycle ergometry. Methods: Eighteen adults (9 men and 9 women; mean age ± SD = 20.5 ± 1.04 yr; mean body weight ± SD = 73.9 ± 18.2 kg; mean height ± SD = 172.3 ± 11.5 cm; mean dominant quadriceps CSA ± SD = 68.7 ± 14.5 cm2) performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to exhaustion while the electromyographic (EMG) signals …

Hamstring Training Effects On Strength Gains In Ncaa Division I Varsity Soccer Players, Andrea M. Chilcote

Masters Theses

Those athletes who run at high speeds require eccentric strength when the hamstring muscles are in a lengthened state in order to absorb the increased forces, decreasing injury rate and performance deficits (Schmitt, Tyler & McHugh 2012). The purpose of this study was to determine if the intervention of an eccentric hamstring strengthening program would increase peak torque production in eccentric and concentric hamstring and quadriceps movements in Division I Men and Women Varsity soccer players.

Participants included 8 Division I soccer athletes (3 men, 5 women, mean age = 19.3 years (men) and 19.4 years (women), mean height = …

Influence Of Various Pre-Exercise Routines On Vertical Jump Performance, Vladislav Milanovic

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the influence of three different pre-exercise routines (jogging, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in addition to jogging (PNFJ), and whole body vibration (WBV)) on vertical jump (VJ) performance. Twelve physically active, collegiate males between the ages of 18-24 years were recruited to participate. The subjects performed four VJ tests on four nonconsecutive days with a control VJ being performed on the first day and the three remaining VJ performed after each of the pre-exercise routines that were conducted in random order. The jogging pre-exercise routine lasted 5 minutes at light to moderate …

Effects Of Postactivation Potentiation Succeeding Glute Bridge Exercise On Multiple Jump Performance In Recreationally Trained Individuals, Anthony Warpecha

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to test multiple jump performance subsequent to glute bridges performed with and without whole body vibration (WBV). Multiple jump performance was assessed via a four-hop test to examine average jump height, ground contact time, and the explosive leg power factor. Twenty recreationally active subjects, ages 18-42, with more than one year of consistent recreational resistance training experience participated. Prior to testing, one familiarization session took place that involved explanation of procedures. This included practice of glute bridging on the vibration plate and the multiple hop performance test. After the familiarization session, two testing sessions …